CN120326005A

CN120326005A - A concentric circle CNC turning processing method

Info

Publication number: CN120326005A
Application number: CN202510283602.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈远富; 叶剑; 关力; 黄志伟; 彭林
Original assignee: Zhuhai Shenkepu Industrial Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhuhai Shenkepu Industrial Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2025-03-11
Filing date: 2025-03-11
Publication date: 2025-07-18

Abstract

The present invention discloses a concentric circle CNC turning method, which aims to provide a concentric circle turning method applicable to conical concentric circle workpieces of different sizes and models through parameterized configuration, and can automatically generate a processing path by inputting corresponding parameters, and automatically complete the processing, so that the processing of conical concentric circle workpieces becomes convenient and simple, and the concentric circle CNC turning method can control the processing accuracy. The present invention includes the following specific steps: step A is to preprocess the design data; step B is to import data and configure parameters; step C is to start the turning function; step D is to visually locate and obtain the eccentricity; step E is to execute the tool path algorithm and compensation. The present invention is applied to the technical field of turning.

Description

Concentric circle numerical control turning method

Technical Field

The invention is applied to the technical field of turning, and particularly relates to a concentric circle numerical control turning method.

Background

In the traditional numerical control turning field, the machining of high-precision conical concentric circle workpieces is difficult, because the position difference of manually placing blanks each time is easy to machine parts with different eccentricities. According to different machining sizes, multiple feeding is needed to turn according to the concentric circular knife paths, and the turning can be achieved by a technician with special knowledge. However, the operators of the numerical control machine tool are not all persons with rich expertise, and on the other hand, even the professionals, the numerical control program is usually finished by turning a plurality of circular arcs with given cutting depth. Although the numerical control program can realize processing, the numerical control program can not meet the requirement of high-precision rapid processing, and has the defects in several aspects:

Firstly, the conical concentric workpiece is processed and programmed with a large amount of programs (large program amount is often not suitable for manual programming), errors are caused by slight carelessness, and once the product size is changed, the programs need to be re-programmed, thus consuming time and energy, and obviously being unfavorable for product updating and processing quality requirements.

Secondly, the numerical control program has no operability. The optimal cutting parameters of arc machining are determined by trial cutting of a numerical control lathe, and are different from one another because the optimal cutting parameters of different machine tools, different cutters, different workpiece materials, different finish requirements and different machining precision are different, and if the machining program cannot be changed in time in actual production, the optimal parameters are not easy to be obtained.

Thirdly, the conical concentric circle workpiece has the requirement of dimensional accuracy, but the cutter has tolerance, in addition, the cutter is worn in the processing process, and a numerical control program which can not correct parameters in time can not finish the processing of high-quality parts.

If the method can be designed to be suitable for turning conical concentric circle workpieces with different sizes and models through parameterization configuration, the machining path can be automatically generated by inputting corresponding parameters, and machining is automatically completed, so that the conical concentric circle workpieces can be machined conveniently and simply, and the machining precision can be controlled.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides the concentric circle numerical control turning method which can be suitable for turning conical concentric circle workpieces with different sizes and models through parameterization configuration, can automatically generate a processing path after inputting corresponding parameters and automatically finish processing, so that the conical concentric circle workpieces are convenient and simple to process, and the processing precision can be controlled.

A concentric circle numerical control turning method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

Step A, preprocessing design data;

Step B, data importing and parameter configuration;

Step C, starting a turning function;

step D, visual positioning and eccentric amount acquisition;

E, executing a cutter path algorithm and compensation;

The visual positioning in the step D adopts an industrial camera to acquire images, the eccentricity is respectively acquired by the industrial camera to acquire four Mark point images on a workpiece, the acquired four Mark point images are respectively subjected to Blob analysis, mark areas are screened out by image gray level threshold values, the length, the width and the area of the areas, and a pixel point set at the edge of the area is acquired according to the position relation of the Mark areas on the image Fitting a circle using least squares, by minimizingSolving three optimal parameters A, B and C in the standard circle equation to obtain an optimal Mark fitting circle, whereinRepresenting the X-axis coordinate values of each pixel point of the edge of the Mark region on the image,And (3) representing pixel Y-axis coordinate values of each pixel point of the edge of the Mark region on the image, wherein A, B and C respectively represent three parameters of a general equation of a circle to be solved, comparing a fitting circle generated by the Mark point of the workpiece with a template fitting circle, and calculating the coordinate difference of the fitting circle and the template fitting circle to obtain the eccentricity of the workpiece.

Further, step E comprises the following subdivision steps:

Step E1, loading coordinate data and eccentric compensation data of a workpiece, and setting a locking shaft, wherein the locking shaft can change XYC three-axis interpolation motion into XC or YC two-axis interpolation motion, so that motion planning is simplified, efficiency and machining precision are improved, and meanwhile, the problem that the workpiece cannot be subjected to three-axis interpolation machining due to technological and structural design reasons can be solved;

e2, calculating a target position of the workpiece after the coordinate original data are eccentric;

e3, calculating a finish milling cutter path by using a spline curve expansion algorithm according to the position coordinate set after the workpiece is deviated;

E4, calculating a rough milling cutter path according to each milling feed by using a spline curve expansion algorithm again;

and E5, performing XC or YC coordinate transformation on the rough milling and finish milling tool paths to obtain a final tool path and ending a tool path algorithm.

Furthermore, the design data preprocessing in the step A firstly obtains the geometric plane design data of the turning workpiece by using professional software, the geometric plane design data comprises a spline curve of a graph, the data are used for generating a subsequent turning path, the Value of X, Y, Z, C is used for respectively reflecting the coordinates of the outer contour of the workpiece in a space coordinate system, and the processing track is ensured to be consistent with the drawing design.

And (C) importing the workpiece data obtained in the step (A) into motion control software to prepare for a subsequent processing process.

Further, after the visual positioning and the eccentric amount acquisition are completed in the step D, judging whether the eccentric amount acquisition is successful or not according to the visual positioning result, and continuously executing the step D if the acquisition is unsuccessful.

Further, when the eccentric amount in the step D is successfully obtained, a cutter path algorithm is executed to compensate the eccentric amount.

Further, the equipment starts to perform rough milling and finish milling according to the compensated tool path, and the rough milling and finish milling are divided into single-circle rough milling and multi-circle rough milling according to different turning feeding radiuses.

The application has the advantages that the application can be suitable for turning conical concentric circle workpieces with different sizes and models through parameterization configuration, the machining path can be automatically generated by inputting corresponding parameters, the machining is automatically completed, the conical concentric circle workpiece is convenient and simple to machine, in addition, the concentric circle numerical control turning machining method capable of controlling the machining precision is realized, a user needs to configure the workpiece size, the material, the cutting depth, the cutting speed and the like according to the actual requirements, and an error correction mechanism is arranged, the cutting and turning operation can be realized after the eccentric quantity is obtained through visual positioning and the comparison is successful, and the operation is convenient and the safety is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the selection of Mark points on the workpiece;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the workpiece.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the present invention includes the following specific steps:

Step A, preprocessing design data;

Step B, data importing and parameter configuration;

Step C, starting a turning function;

step D, visual positioning and eccentric amount acquisition;

E, executing a cutter path algorithm and compensation;

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, step E includes the following subdivision steps:

As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment, the design data preprocessing in step a firstly obtains the geometric plane design data of the turning workpiece by using professional software, wherein the geometric plane design data comprises a spline curve of a graph, the data are used for generating subsequent turning paths, and the values of X, Y, Z, C respectively reflect the coordinates of the outer contour of the workpiece in a space coordinate system, so that the processing track is ensured to be consistent with the design of the drawing.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the workpiece data obtained in step a is imported into the motion control software in step B to prepare for the subsequent processing.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, after the visual positioning and the eccentric amount acquisition are completed in step D, it is determined whether the eccentric amount acquisition is successful according to the visual positioning result, and if the acquisition is unsuccessful, step D is continuously performed. Therefore, through the error correction mechanism, the cutting and turning operation can be realized after the eccentric amount is obtained through visual positioning and is successfully compared, and the safety is high.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, when the acquisition of the eccentric amount in step D is successful, a knife path algorithm is performed to compensate the eccentric amount. It follows that this step will ensure the accuracy of the machining path, thus meeting the high precision machining requirements.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus starts two-step turning by rough milling and finish milling according to the compensated path, and is divided into single-turn rough milling and multi-turn rough milling according to the difference of turning feed radii. Therefore, the method is divided into single-turn rough milling and multi-turn rough milling according to different turning feeding radiuses, the feeding quantity of each time is as small as possible as the radius of the milling cutter, the machining precision and the surface roughness of a workpiece are ensured, turning is finished, and workpiece machining is completed.

The working principle of the invention comprises the steps of preprocessing design data in the step A, importing data and configuring parameters in the step B, starting a turning function in the step C, obtaining visual positioning and eccentricity, and executing a tool path algorithm and compensation in the step E.

While the embodiments of this invention have been described in terms of practical aspects, they are not to be construed as limiting the meaning of this invention, and modifications to the embodiments and combinations with other aspects thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this description.

Claims

1. A concentric circle CNC turning method, characterized in that it comprises the following specific steps:

Step A: design data preprocessing;

Step B: data import and parameter configuration;

Step C, start the turning function;

Step D: visual positioning and eccentricity acquisition;

Step E, executing tool path algorithm and compensation;

The visual positioning in step D uses an industrial camera for image acquisition. The eccentricity is measured by the industrial camera to collect four Mark point images on the workpiece. The collected four Mark point images are subjected to Blob analysis. The Mark area is selected by the image grayscale threshold, the length, width and area of the area. The pixel point set at the edge of the area is obtained according to the position relationship of the Mark area on the image. , using the least squares method to fit the circle, by minimizing , solve the three optimal parameters A, B and C in the standard circle equation to obtain the best Mark fitting circle, where Indicates the pixel X-axis coordinate value of each pixel point on the edge of the Mark area on the image. It represents the Y-axis coordinate value of each pixel point on the edge of the Mark area on the image. A, B and C represent the three parameters of the general equation of the required circle. The fitting circle generated by the Mark point of the workpiece is compared with the template fitting circle, and the coordinate difference between the two is the eccentricity of the workpiece.

2. The concentric circle CNC turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that step E comprises the following subdivision steps:

Step E1, loading the coordinate data and eccentricity compensation data of the workpiece, and setting the locking axis. The locking axis can change the XYC three-axis interpolation motion into the XC or YC two-axis interpolation motion, simplifying the motion planning, improving the motion efficiency and processing accuracy, and also solving the problem that the workpiece cannot be processed by three-axis interpolation due to process and structural design reasons;

Step E2, calculating the target position of the original coordinate data of the workpiece after eccentricity;

Step E3, using a spline curve expansion algorithm to calculate a finishing milling tool path according to a position coordinate set of the workpiece after the workpiece is offset;

Step E4, using the spline curve expansion algorithm again to calculate the rough milling tool path according to each milling feed amount;

Step E5, perform XC or YC coordinate transformation on the rough milling and fine milling tool paths to obtain the final tool path and end the tool path algorithm.

3. A concentric circle CNC turning processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the design data preprocessing in step A first uses professional software to obtain the geometric plane design data of the turning workpiece, including the spline curve composition of the graphic. These data will be used for subsequent turning processing path generation, and the Value values of X, Y, Z and C respectively reflect the coordinates of the outer contour of the workpiece in the spatial coordinate system to ensure that the processing trajectory is consistent with the drawing design.

4. A concentric circle CNC turning method according to claim 3, characterized in that: step B imports the workpiece data obtained in step A into the motion control software to prepare for the subsequent processing process.

5. A concentric circle CNC turning processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: after completing the visual positioning and eccentricity acquisition in step D, it is judged whether the eccentricity is successfully acquired according to the visual positioning result, and if the acquisition is unsuccessful, continue to execute step D.

6. A concentric circle CNC turning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the eccentricity in step D is successfully obtained, the tool path algorithm is executed to compensate for the eccentricity.

7. A concentric circle CNC turning processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the equipment starts to perform two-step turning of rough milling and fine milling according to the compensated tool path, and is divided into single-circle rough milling and multi-circle rough milling according to the different turning feed radius.