CN120316848A - Intelligent design system and method for drilling and blasting excavation blasting scheme of dark tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular to an intelligent design system and method for blasting schemes for drilling and blasting excavation of dark tunnels, which solves the problem that the process of using traditional blasting design methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is not easy to make adjustments and modifications in a timely manner, which seriously affects the progress and economic benefits of tunnel engineering. The present application includes a blasting scheme design module and a blasting scheme optimization module; the present invention uses a system that performs blasthole design, design chart display, and automatic generation of blasting design schemes based on tunnel engineering related data provided by the user, performs blasting parameter design based on the relevant data, and draws the excavation section contour at the same time to display the layout of the blastholes, automatically counts the blasthole parameters and charging parameters, and generates a blasting design scheme file; thereby achieving a more scientific, reasonable, faster and more efficient tunnel blasting design method.

Description

Intelligent design system and method for drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of underground tunnel

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to an intelligent design system and method for a drilling, blasting, excavation and blasting scheme of a subsurface tunnel.

Background

The comprehensive mechanization level in the tunnel engineering construction process is continuously improved, and meanwhile, the blasting technology of the tunnel engineering is gradually matured in the increasingly development process. However, due to the complexity of tunnel engineering conditions, the blasting parameter design is hardly determined by a scientific formula, so that the traditional blasting design mode is still used at present. Or manually calculated by field test or engineering experience to determine the blasting design parameters, and manually drawn. The traditional design method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, is not easy to adjust and modify in time, and seriously affects the progress and economic benefit of tunnel engineering.

Intelligent design system and method for drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of underground tunnel. The system for automatically generating blast hole design, design chart display and blasting design scheme according to related data such as tunnel engineering construction conditions and the like provided by a user is researched. And (3) carrying out blasting parameter design according to the determined surrounding rock grade, the excavation construction method, the circulating footage, the hole diameter and other related data, drawing the excavation section outline so as to show the arrangement of the holes, automatically counting the hole parameters and the charging parameters, and generating a blasting design scheme file.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems that in the process of using a traditional blasting design mode, the blasting design parameters are determined by on-site test or manual calculation according to engineering experience, and meanwhile, manual drawing is adopted, the traditional design mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming, adjustment and modification are not easy to make in time, and the tunnel engineering progress and economic benefit are seriously affected.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the intelligent design system of the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the underground tunnel comprises:

The project creation module is used for creating a tunnel project for design and creating a related mileage segment;

The blasting scheme design module is used for designing blasting schemes according to various blasting data parameters, including blast hole design, explosive structure, charge design and guiding out the blasting schemes;

The blasting data acquisition module is used for acquiring data parameters required by the blasting scheme design, including blast hole parameters, charging parameters, super-undermining data, deformation data and stone diameter;

the blasting scheme optimizing module is used for predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting the blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification so as to fulfill the aim of optimizing the blasting design parameters of the tunnel;

and the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work.

The project creation module allows a user to determine a tunnel name and a tunnel type and edit an engineering profile including engineering geological conditions, engineering geology and engineering requirements, the project creation module supports the user to create a specific mileage section based on a tunnel project, mileage section information comprises the mileage section name, surrounding rock level, lane number, section standard, model profile, excavation construction method and mileage section profile, the project creation module has a parameterization drawing function of the tunnel section profile, the user can automatically generate a tunnel profile diagram by using Canvas elements through uploading geometrical parameter files of the diameter, angle and the like of the tunnel profile arc section by the user, and the project creation module provides basic information for blasting scheme design according to relevant information determined in the tunnel project and the mileage section and is embodied in a final blasting design scheme.

Preferably, the blasting scheme design module comprises a blast hole design sub-module, an explosive structure sub-module, a charging design sub-module and a blasting scheme export sub-module; the blast hole design submodule is used for drawing a tunnel outline in a system according to an uploaded tunnel outline parameter txt file and carrying out parameterized rapid arrangement of blast holes, the blast hole design submodule can give out suggested values of various parameters of blast hole design according to engineering surrounding rock conditions, excavation construction methods, section parameters, circulation footage and blast hole diameter basic information input by a user, and simultaneously allows a user to modify any blast hole parameter, comprises directly carrying out operations such as adding and deleting blast holes on a blast hole arrangement display diagram, when a mouse points to a certain blast hole, the blast hole design submodule displays the distance between two nearest blast holes and the blast hole, is convenient for adjusting the blast hole position, the explosive structure submodule is used for determining the type of explosive, the length and the diameter of the explosive, selecting and setting the charging structure adopted by blasting, including interval, non-interval, coupling and non-coupling charging, and setting the interval charging, and further setting air interval charging or spaced charging and determining the interval charging length and the hole blocking length when interval charging is adopted by the interval charging, the user carries out statistics on the number of the blast hole design parameters for each type of blast hole, and carries out statistics on the number of the blast holes and the blast hole design parameters, and the total charging scheme is calculated, and the blast hole design project configuration parameter is included by the map and the blast hole design information is completed, and the blast hole configuration project configuration parameter is calculated, and the blast hole configuration parameter is completed after the overall loading scheme is completed, and the blast hole design sub-module is used for carrying out the design and arrangement of the blast holes according to the sequence of the cut holes, the peripheral holes, the inner ring holes and the bottom plate holes, and the position determination of each type of blast holes is required to be according to corresponding parameters.

The blasting data acquisition module comprises a data acquisition interface, a blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module, a charging parameter acquisition sub-module, a super-undermining data acquisition sub-module, a deformation data acquisition sub-module, a block diameter acquisition sub-module and a data processing and storage unit, wherein the data acquisition interface is used for receiving and storing blasting related data from various sensors and manual inputs, the blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring specific parameters required by blasthole design, including but not limited to positions, diameters, depths, inclination angles and intervals between blastholes, the charging parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring data required by explosive structural design and charging design, including explosive types, explosive lengths, explosive diameters and charging structural types, the super-mining and undermining conditions of tunnel excavation surfaces in the blasting process are monitored and recorded to evaluate blasting effects, the deformation data acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring deformation data of surrounding rocks after blasting so as to analyze the influence on blasting stability of the surrounding rocks, the block diameter acquisition sub-module is used for measuring and recording the diameters generated after blasting, and the data are subjected to pre-mining and storage and processing of the pre-mining data, so that the pre-mining and storage of the data are convenient to analyze and store the data.

The blasting scheme optimization module specifically comprises a prediction model based on a GA-BP neural network, wherein the model learns a nonlinear relation between blasting parameters and blasting effects through training, a genetic algorithm is used for optimizing initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network to improve prediction accuracy and convergence speed, the blasting parameters including hole pitches, row pitches, drug loading and the like are automatically adjusted according to a prediction result so as to meet engineering requirements and design specifications, and the construction of the GA-BP neural network comprises the following steps:

a1, determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein the topological structure comprises an input layer, an hidden layer and an output layer;

A2, selecting tanhsig functions and logsig function activation functions;

a3, carrying out normalization processing on input data and carrying out inverse normalization processing on output data;

A4, optimizing an initial weight and a threshold value of the BP neural network by utilizing a genetic algorithm so as to improve network performance;

The input layer comprises parameters reflecting surrounding rock conditions of tunnel excavation engineering and blasting excavation design parameters, and the output layer comprises evaluation indexes reflecting blasting quality;

The blasting scheme optimizing module further comprises a charging structure optimizing sub-module which is used for researching and determining the advantages of the hydraulic blasting charging structure relative to other charging structures and providing the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging, wherein the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging comprise charging reasonable amount of water into the bottom and the middle and upper part of a blasthole, determining the proportion of the water injection length to the stemming blocking length, the water injection process and the stemming manufacturing process.

Preferably, the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work, and specifically comprises:

The real-time recording unit can capture and store various key data in the blasting operation process in real time, including but not limited to blasting time, blasting position, blasting personnel information, used blasting equipment and specification;

The log editing unit is used for providing a user-friendly interface, allowing a blasting engineer or related personnel to check, edit and supplement the recorded work log, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the log;

the data classification storage unit is used for classifying and storing the work logs according to different stages or types of blasting procedures, so that the subsequent data retrieval and analysis are facilitated;

the log inquiring and exporting unit is used for supporting inquiring the work log according to various conditions such as time, place, personnel and the like, exporting the inquiring result in the form of an electronic document and facilitating the filing and sharing of the data;

The security and authority management unit ensures the secure storage of the work log, sets access authority, and only allows authorized personnel to check and modify the log content to prevent data leakage or improper tampering;

the alarm and reminding unit can automatically trigger an alarm or reminding mechanism and timely inform related personnel to take measures if abnormal data are detected or a certain procedure is not completed on time in the recording process;

The compatibility and expansibility unit comprises a standard data interface, can be in seamless butt joint with modules of other blasting scheme intelligent design systems, and reserves an expansion space so as to adapt to development of future blasting technology and newly-increased recording requirements.

The intelligent design method of the drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of the underground tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

S1, determining tunneling parameters including single-cycle footage, blast hole diameter, cartridge diameter, charging structure, detonation method and blasting safety distance;

s2, determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes;

s3, drawing a tunnel section outline and intelligently arranging blast holes of the tunnel section;

s4, dividing the area and calculating the area of the area according to the type of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining blasting volumes born by the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of the various types of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

S5, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption;

S6, predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification.

Preferably, when determining a single-cycle footage in tunneling parameters, the specific steps are as follows:

S101, excavating I-III level surrounding rock by a full-section method, wherein a single-cycle scale feeding is controlled within a range of 3-5 meters;

s102, controlling single-cycle footage to be below 3 meters for IV-level surrounding rock;

s103, for V-level surrounding rock, the single-cycle footage is not more than 1.2 meters;

S104, analyzing section conditions according to the section size, shape and excavation step number of the tunnel;

S105, evaluating geological conditions according to geological structures, rock stratum distribution and groundwater conditions of the tunnel;

s106, analyzing supporting conditions of the supporting mode, the supporting materials and the supporting time after tunnel excavation;

S107, monitoring stability, deformation condition and blasting effect of surrounding rock in real time in the tunnel excavation process, and collecting feedback data in time;

S108, dynamically adjusting single-cycle footage parameters according to real-time monitoring data and feedback information and combining actual engineering conditions;

When determining the blast hole diameter and the roll diameter in tunneling parameters, selecting the blast hole diameter meeting the engineering progress requirement by considering the rock drilling speed under different blast hole diameters, analyzing the influence of different blast hole diameters on the specific explosive consumption, selecting the economic and reasonable blast hole diameter, reasonably determining the number of the blast holes according to the tunnel section size and the blasting effect requirement, combining the factors of the rock drilling speed, the specific explosive consumption and the number of the blast holes, determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter according to the engineering actual condition, selecting the proper uncoupled coefficient value according to the engineering actual condition and the blasting target, calculating the corresponding roll diameter according to the selected blast hole diameter and uncoupled coefficient, checking whether the calculated roll diameter meets the engineering actual condition and the blasting requirement, carrying out necessary adjustment, finally evaluating the influence of the comprehensive blast hole diameter and the roll diameter on the blasting effect, the economic cost and the construction efficiency, and determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter and roll diameter parameters according to the comprehensive evaluation result;

the method specifically comprises the steps of selecting a charging structure with lower violent toxicity, lower charging density and relatively smaller detonation wave pressure peak value but longer acting time from peripheral holes, and selecting a charging structure with higher charging density and higher detonation wave pressure from other blast holes;

Setting a blasting excavation detonating point when a detonating method in tunnel tunneling parameters is determined, and setting a plurality of detonating points to lay detonating cords along the explosive loading length for detonating when the length of a blast hole is large and the explosive loading length is large, wherein the detonating sequence is determined according to the selection of blasting modes, and the detonating sequence is that a hole is detonated firstly when smooth blasting is selected, and the hole is detonated according to the sequence from inside to outside, and the peripheral hole is detonated finally to form a relatively flat profile surface;

When determining the blasting safety distance, the formula of the calculated safety distance is as follows:

;

Wherein, the The vibration speed of the medium particles is expressed in cm/s; representing coefficients associated with the field of blasting, Representing coefficients associated with the geological conditions,The unit is kg;

The calculation formula of the safe distance of the throwing blasting air shock wave is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is a factor related to blasting;

when determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

S201, determining parameters of the blastholes of the cut hole blasting through a calculation formula of the spacing between the blastholes of the cut hole blasting, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the In order to achieve the density of the explosive,For the charge non-coupling coefficient,Is the relative power coefficient of the explosive,Is the diameter of the blast hole, and the diameter of the blast hole is the diameter of the blast hole,Is the antiknock coefficient of the rock;

s202, calculating the parameters of the blasting blastholes of the peripheral holes, wherein the calculation steps are as follows:

calculating the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to a resistance line calculation formula of smooth blasting Wherein the calculation formula of the resistance line of the general smooth blasting is as follows:

;

Wherein the method comprises the steps of The unit is m, which is the minimum resistance line of smooth blasting; the unit is m, which is the diameter of the blast hole;

Blast hole spacing of peripheral holes According to an empirical formula, namely the minimum resistance line with the blast holeIs determined by the relation of (a), the formula is as follows:

;

the distance between the peripheral holes and the contour line of the tunnel is based on the rock compaction coefficient To determine the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to the rock compaction coefficientTo determine that the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is generally 45-80 cm;

smooth blasting charge according to AndCalculated asAndTo calculate the determination, the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the For the purpose of loading the medicine,The distance between the blast holes is the distance between the blast holes,In order for the hole to be deep,In the tunnel blasting for specific explosive consumptionTaking 0.7-2.55Soft rock takes the minimum value and hard rock takes the maximum value;

S203, calculating the parameters of the auxiliary hole blasting blastholes, wherein the steps are as follows:

the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary hole is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

the auxiliary hole spacing is calculated as follows:

;

the number of the shells with auxiliary holes is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is the cross-sectional area of the steel plate,Is the average coefficient of the charge, namely the roll the ratio of the total length to the length of the blast hole,The explosive quality of each meter of explosive roll.

Preferably, the method comprises the steps of drawing a tunnel section outline, intelligently arranging the tunnel section blast holes, dividing areas and calculating areas according to the types of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and the arrangement of the blast holes, combining a three-dimensional module, determining blasting volumes born by the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes according to the known number and tunneling size of the various types of blast holes, determining the blasting volumes of the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes according to the blasted three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading quantity according to the blasting volumes and the unit consumption of explosive, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:

S301, drawing a tunnel contour through a tunnel contour arc section according to the endpoint and the center coordinates of the tunnel contour arc section and the length of the straight line section according to the endpoint coordinates and the length of the straight line section, cutting an upper step and a lower step of a tunnel contour map in Canvas to obtain an upper step contour schematic diagram and a lower step contour schematic diagram of a tunnel, and drawing a tunnel section on the Canvas according to the following algorithm:

setting coordinates of each point as follows: ,,,,,,,,,,, wherein The origin is the horizontal direction, the X axis is the direction, the vertical direction is the Y axis,,The method for determining the coordinates of each point is as follows:

,;

;;

;;

;;

,;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

The circular arc is drawn by the coordinates of the center and the end points of the center, and the coordinates of the center are set as Then

;

;

Setting the highest point of the tunnel profileThe drawing is started to be performed counterclockwise, the end point coordinates of the arc end are as followsInitial endpoint coordinates areAnd the initial end point of one arc is the end point of the last arc, then

;

;

The arc can be accurately drawn through the coordinates of the center and the end points of the circle, the left half side contour of the tunnel contour is accurately drawn according to the algorithm, and then the tunnel contour map can be completely drawn according to the symmetry of the tunnel;

Cutting the upper and lower steps of the profile map of the tunnel section, wherein the specific cutting method is as follows:

Setting h1 and h2 as the excavation heights of the upper step and the lower step respectively, and taking the points Is the intersection point of the upper and lower step dividing lines and the central line of the tunnel,;

When the step profile on the tunnel is acquired, the ordinate is smaller than the Canvas in CanvasDeleting and hiding the points of the Canvas with the ordinate larger than that of the Canvas when the contour of the lower step is obtainedRespectively obtaining outline schematic diagrams of the upper and lower steps of the tunnel;

s302, intelligently arranging blastholes according to the determined blasting blasthole parameters, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:

Determining the position of each blast hole on a tunnel section profile according to parameters of the number n of the blast holes, the distance c from the central line, the row distance d, the initial position a and the hole distance b, determining the position of the first row in the horizontal direction according to the distance d from the central line, determining the specific position of the first blast hole of the first row according to the initial position a, determining the positions of all the blast holes of the first row according to the hole distance b and the number n of the blast holes, sequentially determining the horizontal direction positions of the blast holes of the second row and the third row according to the row distance, and further determining the positions of all the blast holes;

the positions of the blast holes are determined by the peripheral holes according to the parameters of the hole distance b, the inward moving distance m along the contour line and the number n of the blast holes, and the ordinate of the intersection point M, N of the cutting line and the outer contour line is obtained 、By comparison ofAnd (3) withThe size of the upper and lower step boundary is determined to be cut into an AC arc section or a CE arc section;

If it is >By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

If it is<By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

Calculating the length l of the whole arc, determining the number n of the blastholes through the blasthole distance d and uniformly distributing the number n of the blastholes on the arc MABN, judging the arc section where the blastholes are located according to the comparison of the ordinate of the blasthole position and the ordinate of the end point of each section of arc, and if the arc section is the AB arc section, determining the points where the blastholes are located along the blastholes and the arc sections where the blastholes are locatedIs moved by the intra-distance value, determining the final position of the blast hole; if in the AC arc section, the position along the blast hole is the same as the positionIs moved by the wire;

according to the hole distribution algorithm, the blast holes of the upper step and the lower step are arranged.

S303, dividing the area and calculating the area of the area according to the type of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining the blasting volume born by the single blast hole of each type of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of each type of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

s304, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model;

and S305, further determining reasonable loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption.

Preferably, the GA-BP neural network is adopted to predict the blasting effect of the blasting design, and the blasting design parameters are adjusted according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and the requirements of actual engineering and blasting design specification, wherein the specific steps are as follows:

S401, firstly determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein a text adopts a three-layer BP neural network, namely a single hidden layer, the neuron number of the hidden layer is determined according to Kolmongorov theorem, namely n=2X+l, wherein X is the neuron number of an input layer;

s402, the activation function selection tanhsig function of the input layer to hidden layer transfer, i.e The activation function of implicit layer to output layer transport selects logsig functions, i.e;

S403, carrying out normalization processing on the input data, and carrying out inverse normalization processing on the output layer after outputting the data;

s404, adopting matlab programming to assign individual coding values to the BP neural network as weights and thresholds for training, and adjusting formulas according to the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network until the training error requirement is met or the maximum iteration times are reached;

S405, determining an error square sum E between a predicted output value and an expected value as an fitness function, taking an individual with the lowest fitness as a weight and a threshold of the BP neural network, and introducing the BP neural network to perform network training;

S406, determining 6 neurons taking the uniaxial compressive strength, the rock density, the total loading capacity, the minimum resistance line, the row distance of cut holes and the hole distance of the periphery of the surrounding rock condition of the reaction tunnel excavation engineering as an input layer;

S407, according to the calculated number of neurons of the hidden layer at the moment, taking the maximum linear overexcavation, the maximum linear underexcavation and the maximum block stone diameter as 3 neurons of an output layer, wherein the evaluation indexes can reflect the blasting quality and the blasting effect of tunnel excavation;

s408, carrying out normalization processing on the template data when training the GA-BP neural network model;

s409, comparing the test data with the actual data, and optimizing and adjusting the model;

S410, inputting actual data into a GA-BP neural network model to predict blasting effect;

S411, outputting the blasting parameter design and blasting effect prediction and evaluation of the actual tunnel engineering.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. Compared with the traditional blasting design mode, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming, is not easy to adjust and modify in time and seriously affects the progress and economic benefit of tunnel engineering, the invention realizes a more scientific, reasonable, faster and more efficient tunnel blasting design mode by carrying out blast parameter design according to the determined surrounding rock grade, excavation construction method, circulating footage, blast hole aperture and other related data and drawing out the outline of an excavated section so as to display the arrangement of the blast holes, and automatically counts the blast hole parameters and charging parameters and generates a blasting design scheme file;

2. And respectively determining the drawing algorithm according to different types of the tunnel section contours so as to ensure that the drawing algorithm is suitable for drawing of the different section contours, and providing a foundation for the subsequent blast hole arrangement. Meanwhile, the method for intelligently arranging the blast holes is determined by grinding clear. Determining relevant arrangement parameters according to the type of the blast hole, and realizing a parameterized accurate blast hole design drawing by combining a computer technology;

3. And establishing a GA-BP neural network model by combining blasting influence factors, and optimizing blasting parameters and predicting blasting effects by using the model.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic architecture diagram of an intelligent design system of a drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of a subsurface tunnel;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a tunnel profile of an intelligent design system and method for a drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of a subsurface tunnel according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the schematic diagram of the scheme of intelligent design of the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the undercut tunnel and the outline cutting of the steps on the tunnel;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system and method for intelligently designing a drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of a subsurface tunnel according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the system and method for intelligently designing the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the undercut tunnel in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a borehole arrangement of the intelligent design system and method for the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the undercut tunnel of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the algorithm flow of the neural network of the intelligent design system and method for the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the undercut tunnel of the invention;

FIG. 8 shows a neural network model schematic diagram of the intelligent design system and method of the drilling, blasting and blasting scheme of the undercut tunnel.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Referring to FIGS. 1-8, the invention provides an intelligent design system and method for a drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of a subsurface tunnel, comprising:

The project creation module is used for creating a tunnel project for design and creating a related mileage segment;

The blasting scheme design module is used for designing blasting schemes according to various blasting data parameters, including blast hole design, explosive structure, charge design and guiding out the blasting schemes;

The blasting data acquisition module is used for acquiring data parameters required by the blasting scheme design, including blast hole parameters, charging parameters, super-undermining data, deformation data and stone diameter;

the blasting scheme optimizing module is used for predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting the blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification so as to fulfill the aim of optimizing the blasting design parameters of the tunnel;

and the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work.

The project creation module allows a user to determine a tunnel name and a tunnel type and edit an engineering profile including engineering geological conditions, engineering geology and engineering requirements, the project creation module supports the user to create a specific mileage section based on a tunnel project, mileage section information comprises the mileage section name, surrounding rock level, lane number, section standard, model profile, excavation construction method and mileage section profile, the project creation module has a parameterization drawing function of the tunnel section profile, the user can automatically generate a tunnel profile diagram by using Canvas elements through uploading geometrical parameter files of the diameter, angle and the like of the tunnel profile arc section by the user, and the project creation module provides basic information for blasting scheme design according to relevant information determined in the tunnel project and the mileage section and is embodied in a final blasting design scheme.

Preferably, the blasting scheme design module comprises a blast hole design sub-module, an explosive structure sub-module, a charging design sub-module and a blasting scheme export sub-module; the blast hole design submodule is used for drawing a tunnel outline in a system according to an uploaded tunnel outline parameter txt file and carrying out parameterized rapid arrangement of blast holes, the blast hole design submodule can give out suggested values of various parameters of blast hole design according to engineering surrounding rock conditions, excavation construction methods, section parameters, circulation footage and blast hole diameter basic information input by a user, and simultaneously allows a user to modify any blast hole parameter, comprises directly carrying out operations such as adding and deleting blast holes on a blast hole arrangement display diagram, when a mouse points to a certain blast hole, the blast hole design submodule displays the distance between two nearest blast holes and the blast hole, is convenient for adjusting the blast hole position, the explosive structure submodule is used for determining the type of explosive, the length and the diameter of the explosive, selecting and setting the charging structure adopted by blasting, including interval, non-interval, coupling and non-coupling charging, and setting the interval charging, and further setting air interval charging or spaced charging and determining the interval charging length and the hole blocking length when interval charging is adopted by the interval charging, the user carries out statistics on the number of the blast hole design parameters for each type of blast hole, and carries out statistics on the number of the blast holes and the blast hole design parameters, and the total charging scheme is calculated, and the blast hole design project configuration parameter is included by the map and the blast hole design information is completed, and the blast hole configuration project configuration parameter is calculated, and the blast hole configuration parameter is completed after the overall loading scheme is completed, and the blast hole design sub-module is used for carrying out the design and arrangement of the blast holes according to the sequence of the cut holes, the peripheral holes, the inner ring holes and the bottom plate holes, and the position determination of each type of blast holes is required to be according to corresponding parameters.

The blasting data acquisition module comprises a data acquisition interface, a blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module, a charging parameter acquisition sub-module, a super-undermining data acquisition sub-module, a deformation data acquisition sub-module, a block diameter acquisition sub-module and a data processing and storage unit, wherein the data acquisition interface is used for receiving and storing blasting related data from various sensors and manual inputs, the blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring specific parameters required by blasthole design, including but not limited to positions, diameters, depths, inclination angles and intervals between blastholes, the charging parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring data required by explosive structural design and charging design, including explosive types, explosive lengths, explosive diameters and charging structural types, the super-mining and undermining conditions of tunnel excavation surfaces in the blasting process are monitored and recorded to evaluate blasting effects, the deformation data acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring deformation data of surrounding rocks after blasting so as to analyze the influence on blasting stability of the surrounding rocks, the block diameter acquisition sub-module is used for measuring and recording the diameters generated after blasting, and the data are subjected to pre-mining and storage and processing of the pre-mining data, so that the pre-mining and storage of the data are convenient to analyze and store the data.

The blasting scheme optimization module specifically comprises a prediction model based on a GA-BP neural network, wherein the model learns a nonlinear relation between blasting parameters and blasting effects through training, a genetic algorithm is used for optimizing initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network to improve prediction accuracy and convergence speed, the blasting parameters including hole pitches, row pitches, drug loading and the like are automatically adjusted according to a prediction result so as to meet engineering requirements and design specifications, and the construction of the GA-BP neural network comprises the following steps:

a1, determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein the topological structure comprises an input layer, an hidden layer and an output layer;

A2, selecting tanhsig functions and logsig function activation functions;

a3, carrying out normalization processing on input data and carrying out inverse normalization processing on output data;

A4, optimizing an initial weight and a threshold value of the BP neural network by utilizing a genetic algorithm so as to improve network performance;

The input layer comprises parameters reflecting surrounding rock conditions of tunnel excavation engineering and blasting excavation design parameters, and the output layer comprises evaluation indexes reflecting blasting quality;

The blasting scheme optimizing module further comprises a charging structure optimizing sub-module which is used for researching and determining the advantages of the hydraulic blasting charging structure relative to other charging structures and providing the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging, wherein the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging comprise charging reasonable amount of water into the bottom and the middle and upper part of a blasthole, determining the proportion of the water injection length to the stemming blocking length, the water injection process and the stemming manufacturing process.

Preferably, the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work, and specifically comprises:

The real-time recording unit can capture and store various key data in the blasting operation process in real time, including but not limited to blasting time, blasting position, blasting personnel information, used blasting equipment and specification;

The log editing unit is used for providing a user-friendly interface, allowing a blasting engineer or related personnel to check, edit and supplement the recorded work log, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the log;

the data classification storage unit is used for classifying and storing the work logs according to different stages or types of blasting procedures, so that the subsequent data retrieval and analysis are facilitated;

the log inquiring and exporting unit is used for supporting inquiring the work log according to various conditions such as time, place, personnel and the like, exporting the inquiring result in the form of an electronic document and facilitating the filing and sharing of the data;

The security and authority management unit ensures the secure storage of the work log, sets access authority, and only allows authorized personnel to check and modify the log content to prevent data leakage or improper tampering;

the alarm and reminding unit can automatically trigger an alarm or reminding mechanism and timely inform related personnel to take measures if abnormal data are detected or a certain procedure is not completed on time in the recording process;

The compatibility and expansibility unit comprises a standard data interface, can be in seamless butt joint with modules of other blasting scheme intelligent design systems, and reserves an expansion space so as to adapt to development of future blasting technology and newly-increased recording requirements.

The intelligent design method of the drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of the underground tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

S1, determining tunneling parameters including single-cycle footage, blast hole diameter, cartridge diameter, charging structure, detonation method and blasting safety distance;

s2, determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes;

s3, drawing a tunnel section outline and intelligently arranging blast holes of the tunnel section;

s4, dividing the area and calculating the area of the area according to the type of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining blasting volumes born by the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of the various types of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

S5, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption;

S6, predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification.

Preferably, when determining a single-cycle footage in tunneling parameters, the specific steps are as follows:

S101, excavating I-III level surrounding rock by a full-section method, wherein a single-cycle scale feeding is controlled within a range of 3-5 meters;

s102, controlling single-cycle footage to be below 3 meters for IV-level surrounding rock;

s103, for V-level surrounding rock, the single-cycle footage is not more than 1.2 meters;

S104, analyzing section conditions according to the section size, shape and excavation step number of the tunnel;

S105, evaluating geological conditions according to geological structures, rock stratum distribution and groundwater conditions of the tunnel;

s106, analyzing supporting conditions of the supporting mode, the supporting materials and the supporting time after tunnel excavation;

S107, monitoring stability, deformation condition and blasting effect of surrounding rock in real time in the tunnel excavation process, and collecting feedback data in time;

S108, dynamically adjusting single-cycle footage parameters according to real-time monitoring data and feedback information and combining actual engineering conditions;

When determining the blast hole diameter and the roll diameter in tunneling parameters, selecting the blast hole diameter meeting the engineering progress requirement by considering the rock drilling speed under different blast hole diameters, analyzing the influence of different blast hole diameters on the specific explosive consumption, selecting the economic and reasonable blast hole diameter, reasonably determining the number of the blast holes according to the tunnel section size and the blasting effect requirement, combining the factors of the rock drilling speed, the specific explosive consumption and the number of the blast holes, determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter according to the engineering actual condition, selecting the proper uncoupled coefficient value according to the engineering actual condition and the blasting target, calculating the corresponding roll diameter according to the selected blast hole diameter and uncoupled coefficient, checking whether the calculated roll diameter meets the engineering actual condition and the blasting requirement, carrying out necessary adjustment, finally evaluating the influence of the comprehensive blast hole diameter and the roll diameter on the blasting effect, the economic cost and the construction efficiency, and determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter and roll diameter parameters according to the comprehensive evaluation result;

the method specifically comprises the steps of selecting a charging structure with lower violent toxicity, lower charging density and relatively smaller detonation wave pressure peak value but longer acting time from peripheral holes, and selecting a charging structure with higher charging density and higher detonation wave pressure from other blast holes;

Setting a blasting excavation detonating point when a detonating method in tunnel tunneling parameters is determined, and setting a plurality of detonating points to lay detonating cords along the explosive loading length for detonating when the length of a blast hole is large and the explosive loading length is large, wherein the detonating sequence is determined according to the selection of blasting modes, and the detonating sequence is that a hole is detonated firstly when smooth blasting is selected, and the hole is detonated according to the sequence from inside to outside, and the peripheral hole is detonated finally to form a relatively flat profile surface;

When determining the blasting safety distance, the formula of the calculated safety distance is as follows:

;

Wherein, the The vibration speed of the medium particles is expressed in cm/s; representing coefficients associated with the field of blasting, Representing coefficients associated with the geological conditions,The unit is kg;

The calculation formula of the safe distance of the throwing blasting air shock wave is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is a factor related to blasting;

when determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

S201, determining parameters of the blastholes of the cut hole blasting through a calculation formula of the spacing between the blastholes of the cut hole blasting, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the In order to achieve the density of the explosive,For the charge non-coupling coefficient,Is the relative power coefficient of the explosive,Is the diameter of the blast hole, and the diameter of the blast hole is the diameter of the blast hole,Is the antiknock coefficient of the rock;

s202, calculating the parameters of the blasting blastholes of the peripheral holes, wherein the calculation steps are as follows:

calculating the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to a resistance line calculation formula of smooth blasting Wherein the calculation formula of the resistance line of the general smooth blasting is as follows:

;

Wherein the method comprises the steps of The unit is m, which is the minimum resistance line of smooth blasting; the unit is m, which is the diameter of the blast hole;

Blast hole spacing of peripheral holes According to an empirical formula, namely the minimum resistance line with the blast holeIs determined by the relation of (a), the formula is as follows:

;

the distance between the peripheral holes and the contour line of the tunnel is based on the rock compaction coefficient To determine the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to the rock compaction coefficientTo determine that the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is generally 45-80 cm;

smooth blasting charge according to AndCalculated asAndTo calculate the determination, the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the For the purpose of loading the medicine,The distance between the blast holes is the distance between the blast holes,In order for the hole to be deep,In the tunnel blasting for specific explosive consumptionTaking 0.7-2.55Soft rock takes the minimum value and hard rock takes the maximum value;

S203, calculating the parameters of the auxiliary hole blasting blastholes, wherein the steps are as follows:

the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary hole is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

the auxiliary hole spacing is calculated as follows:

;

the number of the shells with auxiliary holes is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is the cross-sectional area of the steel plate,Is the average coefficient of the charge, namely the roll the ratio of the total length to the length of the blast hole,The explosive quality of each meter of explosive roll.

Preferably, the method comprises the steps of drawing a tunnel section outline, intelligently arranging the tunnel section blast holes, dividing areas and calculating areas according to the types of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and the arrangement of the blast holes, combining a three-dimensional module, determining blasting volumes born by the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes according to the known number and tunneling size of the various types of blast holes, determining the blasting volumes of the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes according to the blasted three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading quantity according to the blasting volumes and the unit consumption of explosive, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:

S301, drawing a tunnel contour through a tunnel contour arc section according to the endpoint and the center coordinates of the tunnel contour arc section and the length of the straight line section according to the endpoint coordinates and the length of the straight line section, cutting an upper step and a lower step of a tunnel contour map in Canvas to obtain an upper step contour schematic diagram and a lower step contour schematic diagram of a tunnel, and drawing a tunnel section on the Canvas according to the following algorithm:

setting coordinates of each point as follows: ,,,,,,,,,,, wherein The origin is the horizontal direction, the X axis is the direction, the vertical direction is the Y axis,,The method for determining the coordinates of each point is as follows:

,;

;;

;;

;;

,;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

The circular arc is drawn by the coordinates of the center and the end points of the center, and the coordinates of the center are set as Then

;

;

Setting the highest point of the tunnel profileThe drawing is started to be performed counterclockwise, the end point coordinates of the arc end are as followsInitial endpoint coordinates areAnd the initial end point of one arc is the end point of the last arc, then

;

;

The arc can be accurately drawn through the coordinates of the center and the end points of the circle, the left half side contour of the tunnel contour is accurately drawn according to the algorithm, and then the tunnel contour map can be completely drawn according to the symmetry of the tunnel;

Cutting the upper and lower steps of the profile map of the tunnel section, wherein the specific cutting method is as follows:

Setting h1 and h2 as the excavation heights of the upper step and the lower step respectively, and taking the points Is the intersection point of the upper and lower step dividing lines and the central line of the tunnel,;

When the step profile on the tunnel is acquired, the ordinate is smaller than the Canvas in CanvasDeleting and hiding the points of the Canvas with the ordinate larger than that of the Canvas when the contour of the lower step is obtainedRespectively obtaining outline schematic diagrams of the upper and lower steps of the tunnel;

s302, intelligently arranging blastholes according to the determined blasting blasthole parameters, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:

Determining the position of each blast hole on a tunnel section profile according to parameters of the number n of the blast holes, the distance c from the central line, the row distance d, the initial position a and the hole distance b, determining the position of the first row in the horizontal direction according to the distance d from the central line, determining the specific position of the first blast hole of the first row according to the initial position a, determining the positions of all the blast holes of the first row according to the hole distance b and the number n of the blast holes, sequentially determining the horizontal direction positions of the blast holes of the second row and the third row according to the row distance, and further determining the positions of all the blast holes;

the positions of the blast holes are determined by the peripheral holes according to the parameters of the hole distance b, the inward moving distance m along the contour line and the number n of the blast holes, and the ordinate of the intersection point M, N of the cutting line and the outer contour line is obtained 、By comparison ofAnd (3) withThe size of the upper and lower step boundary is determined to be cut into an AC arc section or a CE arc section;

If it is >By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

If it is<By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

Calculating the length l of the whole arc, determining the number n of the blastholes through the blasthole distance d and uniformly distributing the number n of the blastholes on the arc MABN, judging the arc section where the blastholes are located according to the comparison of the ordinate of the blasthole position and the ordinate of the end point of each section of arc, and if the arc section is the AB arc section, determining the points where the blastholes are located along the blastholes and the arc sections where the blastholes are locatedIs moved by the intra-distance value, determining the final position of the blast hole; if in the AC arc section, the position along the blast hole is the same as the positionIs moved by the wire;

according to the hole distribution algorithm, the blast holes of the upper step and the lower step are arranged.

S303, dividing the area and calculating the area of the area according to the type of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining the blasting volume born by the single blast hole of each type of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of each type of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

s304, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model;

and S305, further determining reasonable loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption.

Preferably, the GA-BP neural network is adopted to predict the blasting effect of the blasting design, and the blasting design parameters are adjusted according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and the requirements of actual engineering and blasting design specification, wherein the specific steps are as follows:

S401, firstly determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein a text adopts a three-layer BP neural network, namely a single hidden layer, the neuron number of the hidden layer is determined according to Kolmongorov theorem, namely n=2X+l, wherein X is the neuron number of an input layer;

s402, the activation function selection tanhsig function of the input layer to hidden layer transfer, i.e The activation function of implicit layer to output layer transport selects logsig functions, i.e;

S403, carrying out normalization processing on the input data, and carrying out inverse normalization processing on the output layer after outputting the data;

s404, adopting matlab programming to assign individual coding values to the BP neural network as weights and thresholds for training, and adjusting formulas according to the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network until the training error requirement is met or the maximum iteration times are reached;

S405, determining an error square sum E between a predicted output value and an expected value as an fitness function, taking an individual with the lowest fitness as a weight and a threshold of the BP neural network, and introducing the BP neural network to perform network training;

S406, determining 6 neurons taking the uniaxial compressive strength, the rock density, the total loading capacity, the minimum resistance line, the row distance of cut holes and the hole distance of the periphery of the surrounding rock condition of the reaction tunnel excavation engineering as an input layer;

S407, according to the calculated number of neurons of the hidden layer at the moment, taking the maximum linear overexcavation, the maximum linear underexcavation and the maximum block stone diameter as 3 neurons of an output layer, wherein the evaluation indexes can reflect the blasting quality and the blasting effect of tunnel excavation;

s408, carrying out normalization processing on the template data when training the GA-BP neural network model;

s409, comparing the test data with the actual data, and optimizing and adjusting the model;

S410, inputting actual data into a GA-BP neural network model to predict blasting effect;

S411, outputting the blasting parameter design and blasting effect prediction and evaluation of the actual tunnel engineering.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The intelligent design system for the drilling, blasting, excavation and blasting scheme of the underground tunnel is characterized by comprising the following components:

The project creation module is used for creating a tunnel project for design and creating a related mileage segment;

The blasting scheme design module is used for designing blasting schemes according to various blasting data parameters, including blast hole design, explosive structure, charge design and guiding out the blasting schemes;

The blasting data acquisition module is used for acquiring data parameters required by the blasting scheme design, including blast hole parameters, charging parameters, super-undermining data, deformation data and stone diameter;

the blasting scheme optimizing module is used for predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting the blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification so as to fulfill the aim of optimizing the blasting design parameters of the tunnel;

and the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work.

2. The intelligent design system for the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and blasting scheme is characterized in that the project creation module allows a user to determine a tunnel name and a tunnel type and edit an engineering outline including engineering geological conditions, engineering geology and engineering requirements, the project creation module supports the user to create specific mileage segments based on tunnel projects, mileage segment information comprises mileage segment names, surrounding rock levels, lane numbers, section standards, model contours, a blasting construction method and mileage segment outline, the project creation module has a parameterization drawing function of tunnel section contours, the user can automatically generate a tunnel contour map by using Canvas elements through uploading geometric parameter files of tunnel contour arc segment diameters, angles and the like, and the project creation module provides basic information for blasting scheme design and is embodied in a final blasting design scheme according to relevant information determined in the tunnel projects and the mileage segments.

3. The intelligent design system for the underground-mining tunnel drilling, blasting and blasting scheme is characterized in that the blasting scheme design module comprises a blast hole design submodule, an explosive structure submodule, a charge design submodule and a blasting scheme derivation submodule, wherein the blast hole design submodule is used for drawing tunnel outlines in the system according to uploaded tunnel outline parameters txt files and conducting parameterized rapid arrangement of the blast holes, the blast hole design submodule can give out basic information of blast hole design parameters according to engineering surrounding rock conditions input by a user, a mining method, section parameters, circulating footage and blast hole diameter, and the recommended values of all the parameters of the blast hole design are given, and simultaneously, a user is allowed to modify any blast hole parameter, the operations such as adding and deleting of the blast holes are directly conducted on a blast hole arrangement display view, the blast hole design submodule displays distances between two closest blast holes and the blast holes when a mouse points to a certain blast hole, is convenient to adjust the blast hole positions, the explosive structure submodule is used for determining explosive types, explosive lengths and explosive diameters and selecting and setting up charge structures used for blasting, the blast holes are selected and set up, the blast hole design submodule comprises spaced-apart, non-spaced-charge coupling, loading and coupling, section parameters are used for calculating the overall charge loading scheme design parameters, the overall charge loading distance is calculated by the method, and the overall loading distance is calculated after the user is designed to be used for counting the overall loading hole design parameters, and the overall loading hole design parameters are calculated, and the blast hole design parameters are calculated, and the overall loading distance is calculated, and the blast hole size is calculated, and the overall loading and the blast hole is required to be used for loading and is used for loading and has a whole, the blast hole design sub-module is characterized in that the blast hole design layout is carried out according to the sequence of the cut hole, the peripheral hole, the inner ring hole and the bottom plate hole, and the position determination of each type of blast hole is required to be according to corresponding parameters.

4. The intelligent design system for the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and blasting scheme according to claim 3, wherein the blasting data acquisition module comprises a data acquisition interface, a blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module, a loading parameter acquisition sub-module, a super-undermining data acquisition sub-module, a deformation data acquisition sub-module, a block diameter acquisition sub-module and a data processing and storing unit, the data acquisition interface is used for receiving and storing blasting related data from various sensors and manual inputs, the blasthole parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring specific parameters required by the blasthole design, including but not limited to positions, diameters, depths, inclination angles and intervals between blastholes of the blastholes, the loading parameter acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring data required by the explosive structural design and the loading design, including explosive types, explosive lengths, explosive diameters and loading structural types, the super-undermining data acquisition sub-module is used for monitoring and recording super-mining conditions of a tunnel excavation surface in a blasting process so as to evaluate blasting effects, the deformation data acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring deformation data of the tunnel surrounding rocks after blasting so as to analyze the influence on the stability of blasting, the block diameter is measured, the block diameter is used for the block diameter is acquired and the block diameter is required by the pre-mining sub-module and the loading data acquisition sub-module is used for carrying out the analysis and the storage and the blasting effects after the block diameter is processed.

5. The intelligent design system for the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and excavation blasting scheme according to claim 4, wherein the blasting scheme optimization module specifically comprises a prediction model based on a GA-BP neural network, wherein the model learns a nonlinear relation between blasting parameters and blasting effects through training, a genetic algorithm is used for optimizing initial weights and threshold values of the BP neural network so as to improve prediction accuracy and convergence speed, the blasting parameters including hole pitch, row pitch, drug loading and the like are automatically adjusted according to the prediction result so as to meet engineering requirements and design specifications, and the construction of the GA-BP neural network comprises:

a1, determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein the topological structure comprises an input layer, an hidden layer and an output layer;

A2, selecting tanhsig functions and logsig function activation functions;

a3, carrying out normalization processing on input data and carrying out inverse normalization processing on output data;

A4, optimizing an initial weight and a threshold value of the BP neural network by utilizing a genetic algorithm so as to improve network performance;

The input layer comprises parameters reflecting surrounding rock conditions of tunnel excavation engineering and blasting excavation design parameters, and the output layer comprises evaluation indexes reflecting blasting quality;

The blasting scheme optimizing module further comprises a charging structure optimizing sub-module which is used for researching and determining the advantages of the hydraulic blasting charging structure relative to other charging structures and providing the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging, wherein the technical key points of hydraulic blasting charging comprise charging reasonable amount of water into the bottom and the middle and upper part of a blasthole, determining the proportion of the water injection length to the stemming blocking length, the water injection process and the stemming manufacturing process.

6. The intelligent design system of the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and excavation blasting scheme according to claim 5, wherein the blasting procedure recording module is used for recording a work log generated during blasting work, and specifically comprises:

The real-time recording unit can capture and store various key data in the blasting operation process in real time, including but not limited to blasting time, blasting position, blasting personnel information, used blasting equipment and specification;

The log editing unit is used for providing a user-friendly interface, allowing a blasting engineer or related personnel to check, edit and supplement the recorded work log, and ensuring the accuracy and the integrity of the log;

the data classification storage unit is used for classifying and storing the work logs according to different stages or types of blasting procedures, so that the subsequent data retrieval and analysis are facilitated;

the log inquiring and exporting unit is used for supporting inquiring the work log according to various conditions such as time, place, personnel and the like, exporting the inquiring result in the form of an electronic document and facilitating the filing and sharing of the data;

The security and authority management unit ensures the secure storage of the work log, sets access authority, and only allows authorized personnel to check and modify the log content to prevent data leakage or improper tampering;

the alarm and reminding unit can automatically trigger an alarm or reminding mechanism and timely inform related personnel to take measures if abnormal data are detected or a certain procedure is not completed on time in the recording process;

The compatibility and expansibility unit comprises a standard data interface, can be in seamless butt joint with modules of other blasting scheme intelligent design systems, and reserves an expansion space so as to adapt to development of future blasting technology and newly-increased recording requirements.

7. The intelligent design method of the drilling, blasting, excavating and blasting scheme of the underground tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

S1, determining tunneling parameters including single-cycle footage, blast hole diameter, cartridge diameter, charging structure, detonation method and blasting safety distance;

s2, determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes;

s3, drawing a tunnel section outline and intelligently arranging blast holes of the tunnel section;

s4, dividing the area and calculating the area of the area according to the type of the blast holes through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining blasting volumes born by the single blast holes of the various types of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of the various types of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

S5, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption;

S6, predicting the blasting effect of the blasting design by adopting the GA-BP neural network, and adjusting blasting design parameters according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining the requirements of actual engineering and the requirements of blasting design specification.

8. The intelligent design method of the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and blasting scheme is characterized by comprising the following specific steps when determining a single-cycle footage in tunneling parameters:

S101, excavating I-III level surrounding rock by a full-section method, wherein a single-cycle scale feeding is controlled within a range of 3-5 meters;

s102, controlling single-cycle footage to be below 3 meters for IV-level surrounding rock;

s103, for V-level surrounding rock, the single-cycle footage is not more than 1.2 meters;

S104, analyzing section conditions according to the section size, shape and excavation step number of the tunnel;

S105, evaluating geological conditions according to geological structures, rock stratum distribution and groundwater conditions of the tunnel;

s106, analyzing supporting conditions of the supporting mode, the supporting materials and the supporting time after tunnel excavation;

S107, monitoring stability, deformation condition and blasting effect of surrounding rock in real time in the tunnel excavation process, and collecting feedback data in time;

S108, dynamically adjusting single-cycle footage parameters according to real-time monitoring data and feedback information and combining actual engineering conditions;

When determining the blast hole diameter and the roll diameter in tunneling parameters, selecting the blast hole diameter meeting the engineering progress requirement by considering the rock drilling speed under different blast hole diameters, analyzing the influence of different blast hole diameters on the specific explosive consumption, selecting the economic and reasonable blast hole diameter, reasonably determining the number of the blast holes according to the tunnel section size and the blasting effect requirement, combining the factors of the rock drilling speed, the specific explosive consumption and the number of the blast holes, determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter according to the engineering actual condition, selecting the proper uncoupled coefficient value according to the engineering actual condition and the blasting target, calculating the corresponding roll diameter according to the selected blast hole diameter and uncoupled coefficient, checking whether the calculated roll diameter meets the engineering actual condition and the blasting requirement, carrying out necessary adjustment, finally evaluating the influence of the comprehensive blast hole diameter and the roll diameter on the blasting effect, the economic cost and the construction efficiency, and determining the most reasonable blast hole diameter and roll diameter parameters according to the comprehensive evaluation result;

the method specifically comprises the steps of selecting a charging structure with lower violent toxicity, lower charging density and relatively smaller detonation wave pressure peak value but longer acting time from peripheral holes, and selecting a charging structure with higher charging density and higher detonation wave pressure from other blast holes;

Setting a blasting excavation detonating point when a detonating method in tunnel tunneling parameters is determined, and setting a plurality of detonating points to lay detonating cords along the explosive loading length for detonating when the length of a blast hole is large and the explosive loading length is large, wherein the detonating sequence is determined according to the selection of blasting modes, and the detonating sequence is that a hole is detonated firstly when smooth blasting is selected, and the hole is detonated according to the sequence from inside to outside, and the peripheral hole is detonated finally to form a relatively flat profile surface;

When determining the blasting safety distance, the formula of the calculated safety distance is as follows:

;

Wherein, the The vibration speed of the medium particles is expressed in cm/s; representing coefficients associated with the field of blasting, Representing coefficients associated with the geological conditions,The unit is kg;

The calculation formula of the safe distance of the throwing blasting air shock wave is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is a factor related to blasting;

when determining blasting hole parameters including cut holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

S201, determining parameters of the blastholes of the cut hole blasting through a calculation formula of the spacing between the blastholes of the cut hole blasting, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the In order to achieve the density of the explosive,For the charge non-coupling coefficient,Is the relative power coefficient of the explosive,Is the diameter of the blast hole, and the diameter of the blast hole is the diameter of the blast hole,Is the antiknock coefficient of the rock;

s202, calculating the parameters of the blasting blastholes of the peripheral holes, wherein the calculation steps are as follows:

calculating the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to a resistance line calculation formula of smooth blasting Wherein the calculation formula of the resistance line of the general smooth blasting is as follows:

;

Wherein the method comprises the steps of The unit is m, which is the minimum resistance line of smooth blasting; the unit is m, which is the diameter of the blast hole;

Blast hole spacing of peripheral holes According to an empirical formula, namely the minimum resistance line with the blast holeIs determined by the relation of (a), the formula is as follows:

;

the distance between the peripheral holes and the contour line of the tunnel is based on the rock compaction coefficient To determine the hole spacing of the peripheral holes according to the rock compaction coefficientTo determine that the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is generally 45-80 cm;

smooth blasting charge according to AndCalculated asAndTo calculate the determination, the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the For the purpose of loading the medicine,The distance between the blast holes is the distance between the blast holes,In order for the hole to be deep,In the tunnel blasting for specific explosive consumptionTaking 0.7-2.55Soft rock takes the minimum value and hard rock takes the maximum value;

S203, calculating the parameters of the auxiliary hole blasting blastholes, wherein the steps are as follows:

the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary hole is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

the auxiliary hole spacing is calculated as follows:

;

the number of the shells with auxiliary holes is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

;

Wherein, the Is the cross-sectional area of the steel plate,Is the average coefficient of the charge, namely the roll the ratio of the total length to the length of the blast hole,The explosive quality of each meter of explosive roll.

9. The intelligent design method of the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and blasting scheme is characterized by drawing a tunnel section outline, performing intelligent arrangement on tunnel section blastholes, dividing a surface area according to the type of blastholes and calculating the area of the surface area through a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blastholes and the arrangement of the blastholes, combining a three-dimensional module, determining blasting volumes born by single blastholes of all types of blastholes by the known number and tunneling size of all types of blastholes, determining the blasting volumes of the single blastholes of all types of blastholes according to the blasting three-dimensional model, and further determining reasonable loading quantity according to the blasting volumes and the specific explosive consumption, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:

S301, drawing a tunnel contour through a tunnel contour arc section according to the endpoint and the center coordinates of the tunnel contour arc section and the length of the straight line section according to the endpoint coordinates and the length of the straight line section, cutting an upper step and a lower step of a tunnel contour map in Canvas to obtain an upper step contour schematic diagram and a lower step contour schematic diagram of a tunnel, and drawing a tunnel section on the Canvas according to the following algorithm:

setting coordinates of each point as follows: ,,,,,,,,,,, wherein The origin is the horizontal direction, the X axis is the direction, the vertical direction is the Y axis,,The method for determining the coordinates of each point is as follows:

,;

;;

;;

;;

,;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

;;

The circular arc is drawn by the coordinates of the center and the end points of the center, and the coordinates of the center are set as Then

;

;

Setting the highest point of the tunnel profileThe drawing is started to be performed counterclockwise, the end point coordinates of the arc end are as followsInitial endpoint coordinates areAnd the initial end point of one arc is the end point of the last arc, then

;

;

The arc can be accurately drawn through the coordinates of the center and the end points of the circle, the left half side contour of the tunnel contour is accurately drawn according to the algorithm, and then the tunnel contour map can be completely drawn according to the symmetry of the tunnel;

Cutting the upper and lower steps of the profile map of the tunnel section, wherein the specific cutting method is as follows:

Setting h1 and h2 as the excavation heights of the upper step and the lower step respectively, and taking the points Is the intersection point of the upper and lower step dividing lines and the central line of the tunnel,;

When the step profile on the tunnel is acquired, the ordinate is smaller than the Canvas in CanvasDeleting and hiding the points of the Canvas with the ordinate larger than that of the Canvas when the contour of the lower step is obtainedRespectively obtaining outline schematic diagrams of the upper and lower steps of the tunnel;

s302, intelligently arranging blastholes according to the determined blasting blasthole parameters, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:

Determining the position of each blast hole on a tunnel section profile according to parameters of the number n of the blast holes, the distance c from the central line, the row distance d, the initial position a and the hole distance b, determining the position of the first row in the horizontal direction according to the distance d from the central line, determining the specific position of the first blast hole of the first row according to the initial position a, determining the positions of all the blast holes of the first row according to the hole distance b and the number n of the blast holes, sequentially determining the horizontal direction positions of the blast holes of the second row and the third row according to the row distance, and further determining the positions of all the blast holes;

the positions of the blast holes are determined by the peripheral holes according to the parameters of the hole distance b, the inward moving distance m along the contour line and the number n of the blast holes, and the ordinate of the intersection point M, N of the cutting line and the outer contour line is obtained 、By comparison ofAnd (3) withThe size of the upper and lower step boundary is determined to be cut into an AC arc section or a CE arc section;

If it is >By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

If it is<By the following constitutionIt is known that therein=Then the length of arc MABN is;

Calculating the length l of the whole arc, determining the number n of the blastholes through the blasthole distance d and uniformly distributing the number n of the blastholes on the arc MABN, judging the arc section where the blastholes are located according to the comparison of the ordinate of the blasthole position and the ordinate of the end point of each section of arc, and if the arc section is the AB arc section, determining the points where the blastholes are located along the blastholes and the arc sections where the blastholes are locatedIs moved by the intra-distance value, determining the final position of the blast hole; if in the AC arc section, the position along the blast hole is the same as the positionIs moved by the wire;

according to the hole distribution algorithm, the blast holes of the upper step and the lower step are arranged.

S303, dividing the area according to the type of the blast holes and calculating the area by a three-dimensional display algorithm of the blast holes and arrangement of the blast holes, and determining the blasting volume born by the single blast hole of each type of blast holes by combining the known number and tunneling size of each type of blast holes with a three-dimensional module;

s304, determining the blasting volume of single blastholes of different types according to the blasted three-dimensional model;

S305, further determining reasonable explosive loading according to the blasting volume and the specific explosive consumption;

The intelligent design method of the underground excavation tunnel drilling, blasting and excavation blasting scheme is characterized in that the GA-BP neural network is adopted to predict blasting effect of blasting design, blasting design parameters are adjusted according to the predicted value of the blasting effect and combining actual engineering requirements and blasting design specification requirements, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

S401, firstly determining the topological structure of a BP neural network, wherein a text adopts a three-layer BP neural network, namely a single hidden layer, the neuron number of the hidden layer is determined according to Kolmongorov theorem, namely n=2X+l, wherein X is the neuron number of an input layer;

s402, the activation function selection tanhsig function of the input layer to hidden layer transfer, i.e The activation function of implicit layer to output layer transport selects logsig functions, i.e;

S403, carrying out normalization processing on the input data, and carrying out inverse normalization processing on the output layer after outputting the data;

s404, adopting matlab programming to assign individual coding values to the BP neural network as weights and thresholds for training, and adjusting formulas according to the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network until the training error requirement is met or the maximum iteration times are reached;

S405, determining an error square sum E between a predicted output value and an expected value as an fitness function, taking an individual with the lowest fitness as a weight and a threshold of the BP neural network, and introducing the BP neural network to perform network training;

S406, determining 6 neurons taking the uniaxial compressive strength, the rock density, the total loading capacity, the minimum resistance line, the row distance of cut holes and the hole distance of the periphery of the surrounding rock condition of the reaction tunnel excavation engineering as an input layer;

S407, according to the calculated number of neurons of the hidden layer at the moment, taking the maximum linear overexcavation, the maximum linear underexcavation and the maximum block stone diameter as 3 neurons of an output layer, wherein the evaluation indexes can reflect the blasting quality and the blasting effect of tunnel excavation;

s408, carrying out normalization processing on the template data when training the GA-BP neural network model;

s409, comparing the test data with the actual data, and optimizing and adjusting the model;

S410, inputting actual data into a GA-BP neural network model to predict blasting effect;

S411, outputting the blasting parameter design and blasting effect prediction and evaluation of the actual tunnel engineering.