CN120200078A - A terahertz radiation source system for air plasma antenna - Google Patents
A terahertz radiation source system for air plasma antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN120200078A CN120200078A CN202510336455.9A CN202510336455A CN120200078A CN 120200078 A CN120200078 A CN 120200078A CN 202510336455 A CN202510336455 A CN 202510336455A CN 120200078 A CN120200078 A CN 120200078A
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
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Abstract
本发明属于光学技术领域，具体为一种空气等离子体天线的太赫兹辐射源系统，该空气等离子体天线的太赫兹辐射源系统包括激光器、空气等离子体生成单元、太赫兹辐射产生单元、太赫兹波导与传输系统、探测分析单元和控制同步系统；所述激光器为高功率飞秒激光器，用于产生超短脉冲激光，这些脉冲能够在空气中激发等离子体，本发明克服了传统光电导天线太赫兹源由于材料损伤阈值的限制导致太赫兹辐射强度较低的问题，可以通过调节等离子体天线之间的间距调控太赫兹辐射的带宽，可以通过控制第三束激光的延迟时间控制接通等离子体天线的间隔时间，从而实现对太赫兹波强度的调控。
The present invention belongs to the field of optical technology, and specifically is a terahertz radiation source system of an air plasma antenna, the terahertz radiation source system of the air plasma antenna comprising a laser, an air plasma generating unit, a terahertz radiation generating unit, a terahertz waveguide and transmission system, a detection and analysis unit and a control and synchronization system; the laser is a high-power femtosecond laser, which is used to generate ultrashort pulse lasers, and these pulses can excite plasma in the air. The present invention overcomes the problem that the terahertz radiation intensity of a traditional photoconductive antenna terahertz source is low due to the limitation of a material damage threshold, and the bandwidth of the terahertz radiation can be regulated by adjusting the spacing between plasma antennas, and the interval time of connecting the plasma antenna can be controlled by controlling the delay time of a third laser beam, thereby realizing the regulation of the terahertz wave intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a terahertz radiation source system of an air plasma antenna.
Background
Terahertz waves (0.1-10 THz) are positioned between microwave and infrared regions in electromagnetic spectrum, have the advantages of low single photon energy, strong penetrability to nonpolar substances, fingerprint characteristics, broadband property and the like, and have important application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, security inspection, communication and the like. The main reason for limiting the development of terahertz technology is that a terahertz radiation source with enough terahertz power cannot be provided at present. If the terahertz radiation intensity and power can be improved, the higher terahertz radiation intensity and power can be adopted to offset the loss and absorption in the terahertz transmission process. How to effectively increase the radiation intensity and power of terahertz is a current research hotspot.
The current method for generating terahertz waves mainly comprises methods based on a free electron laser, light rectification, laser-plasma interaction, a photoconductive antenna and the like. The free electron laser can generate super-strong terahertz waves (more than peak power kW), but the equipment is huge in size and high in cost and is difficult to popularize, and the terahertz sources are low in conversion efficiency and waste a large amount of energy. Terahertz sources based on nonlinear crystal light rectification have higher stability and conversion efficiency, but the crystals have the problems of phonon absorption, damage threshold and the like, and the absolute intensity of terahertz waves is limited. The broadband terahertz wave radiation scheme based on the interaction of the femtosecond laser and the gas plasma can use stronger pumping laser to generate stronger terahertz waves because the broadband terahertz wave radiation scheme has no limit of damage threshold. The terahertz intensity generated by the excitation of the femtosecond bi-color field in the gas plasma scheme can reach several uJ. However, since the density of the gas is small, the number of molecules which interact with the laser is limited, so that the conversion efficiency is low, and when the pumping laser energy is increased to a certain value, the output energy of the terahertz wave is not increased. The photoconductive antenna is the most widely used terahertz radiation source, the efficiency of generating terahertz is higher, and the low-power pumping light can obtain terahertz waves with high peak power through the photoconductive antenna.
However, the structure of the photoconductive antenna is generally fixed, so that the photoconductive antenna cannot be regulated and controlled, and the photoconductive antenna is influenced by the service life, mobility, threshold voltage and the like of a carrier of a material, and particularly, the absolute power of the photoconductive antenna is still relatively low due to the limit of the damage threshold of the laser intensity.
For this reason, a terahertz radiation source system of an air plasma antenna is now proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a terahertz radiation source system of an air plasma antenna, which is used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that the terahertz radiation source system of the air plasma antenna comprises a laser, an air plasma generating unit, a terahertz radiation generating unit, a terahertz waveguide and transmission system, a detection and analysis unit and a control synchronization system;
the laser is a high-power femtosecond laser and is used for generating ultrashort pulse laser, the pulses can excite plasmas in air, and the femtosecond laser can provide extremely high peak power, which is important for forming stable and controllable plasmas in the air;
The air plasma generating unit comprises a focusing optical system and a plasma control mechanism;
The terahertz radiation generating unit includes a nonlinear effect and an enhancement mechanism;
the terahertz waveguide and transmission system comprises waveguide design and transmission medium selection;
the detection and analysis unit comprises a terahertz detector and data analysis equipment;
The control synchronization system comprises a synchronization controller and a feedback control system.
Preferably, the focusing optical system focuses the femtosecond laser beam onto a specific point in the air to generate a local high-intensity electric field to induce ionization of gas molecules in the air to form a plasma channel.
Preferably, the plasma control mechanism precisely controls the position, size and duration of plasma formation by adjusting laser parameters such as pulse energy, repetition rate, pulse width.
Preferably, the nonlinear effect is that when the femtosecond laser pulse passes through the air plasma, various nonlinear optical effects such as four-wave mixing and difference frequency generation occur due to the existence of a strong electric field, and terahertz waves are generated by the effects, and the enhancement mechanism adopts a specially designed structure or material to enhance nonlinear interaction, such as a metal nano structure or other metamaterial, in order to improve the terahertz radiation efficiency.
Preferably, the waveguide is designed to guide the generated terahertz wave to be transmitted from the generation point to the application point, reduce loss and maintain signal quality, and the transmission medium is selected according to the specific application scene, such as air, plastic optical fiber or other low-loss materials.
Preferably, the terahertz detector is used for detecting and measuring the generated terahertz radiation intensity and the frequency spectrum characteristic thereof, common detector types comprise a Schottky diode detector, a pyroelectric detector and a photoconductive antenna, and the data analysis equipment is used for processing and analyzing the detected data and extracting useful information such as frequency spectrum distribution and phase information.
Preferably, the synchronous controller ensures accurate synchronization among all components, particularly time synchronization between generation of laser pulses and detection of terahertz waves, and the feedback control system monitors the running state of the system in real time and adjusts parameters according to requirements to optimize performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention solves the problem of lower terahertz radiation intensity caused by the limitation of the material damage threshold of the traditional terahertz source of the photoconductive antenna, can regulate and control the bandwidth of terahertz radiation by regulating the interval between the plasma antennas, and can control the interval time for switching on the plasma antennas by controlling the delay time of the third laser beam, thereby realizing the regulation and control of the terahertz wave intensity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present system.
The femtosecond laser amplifier 1, the first plane mirror 2, the first spectroscope 3, the second plane mirror 4, the third plane mirror 5, the fourth plane mirror 6, the fifth plane mirror 7, the sixth plane mirror 8, the cylindrical mirror 9, the seventh plane mirror 10, the eighth plane mirror 11, the ninth plane mirror 12, the first focusing lens 13, the tenth plane mirror 14, the eleventh plane mirror 15, the second focusing lens 16, the direct-current high-voltage electrode 17, the first off-axis parabolic mirror 18, the plane reflecting gold mirror 19, the high-resistance silicon wafer 20, the second off-axis parabolic mirror 21, the detector 22, the second plane mirror 23 and the second spectroscope 24 are shown.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the terahertz radiation source system of the air plasma antenna comprises a laser, an air plasma generating unit, a terahertz radiation generating unit, a terahertz waveguide and transmission system, a detection and analysis unit and a control synchronization system;
the laser is a high-power femtosecond laser and is used for generating ultrashort pulse laser, the pulses can excite plasmas in air, and the femtosecond laser can provide extremely high peak power, which is important for forming stable and controllable plasmas in the air;
The air plasma generating unit comprises a focusing optical system and a plasma control mechanism;
The terahertz radiation generating unit includes a nonlinear effect and an enhancement mechanism;
the terahertz waveguide and transmission system comprises waveguide design and transmission medium selection;
the detection and analysis unit comprises a terahertz detector and data analysis equipment;
The control synchronization system comprises a synchronization controller and a feedback control system.
The focusing optical system focuses the femtosecond laser beam on a specific point in the air to generate a local high-strength electric field so as to induce ionization of gas molecules in the air and form a plasma channel.
The plasma control mechanism precisely controls the formation position, size and duration of the plasma by adjusting laser parameters such as pulse energy, repetition frequency, pulse width.
The nonlinear effect is that when the femtosecond laser pulse passes through the air plasma, various nonlinear optical effects such as four-wave mixing and difference frequency generation can occur due to the existence of a strong electric field, terahertz waves are generated by the effects, and the enhancement mechanism adopts a specially designed structure or material to enhance nonlinear interaction, such as a metal nano structure or other metamaterial, in order to improve the terahertz radiation efficiency.
The waveguide is designed for guiding the generated terahertz waves to be transmitted from the generation point to the application point, so that the loss is reduced and the signal quality is maintained, and the transmission medium is selected according to the specific application scene, such as air, plastic optical fibers or other low-loss materials.
The terahertz detector is used for detecting and measuring the intensity of generated terahertz radiation and the spectral characteristics thereof, common detector types comprise a Schottky diode detector, a pyroelectric detector and a photoconductive antenna, and the data analysis equipment is used for processing and analyzing detected data and extracting useful information such as spectral distribution and phase information.
The synchronous controller ensures accurate synchronization among all components, particularly time synchronization among generation of laser pulses and detection of terahertz waves, and the feedback control system monitors the running state of the system in real time and adjusts parameters according to requirements to optimize performance.
The terahertz radiation source system of the air plasma antenna specifically works as follows:
Firstly, a system uses a high-power femtosecond laser to generate ultra-short pulses (usually in the femtosecond level, namely 10-15 seconds), and the ultra-short pulses have extremely high peak power and can induce strong nonlinear optical effects in the air;
The femtosecond laser pulse is focused on a very small point in the air through a focusing optical system (such as a lens or a reflecting mirror), gas molecules (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) in the air can be ionized to form a local plasma channel due to the high-intensity electric field of the laser, and the plasma is ionized gas consisting of free electrons and positive ions, so that the optical property of a local medium is greatly changed, and the propagation and nonlinear interaction of strong electromagnetic waves can be supported;
Step three, when the femtosecond laser pulse passes through the air plasma, various nonlinear optical effects can occur, wherein the four-wave mixing and difference frequency generation are the most important, two or more high-frequency laser pulses interact in the plasma to generate new low-frequency photons which can fall in a terahertz wave band;
Step four, enhancing nonlinear interaction by optimizing laser parameters (such as pulse energy, repetition frequency, pulse width and the like) and introducing specially designed structures (such as metal nano particles or other metamaterials), and controlling the density and distribution of plasmas by adjusting the parameters of laser pulses so as to influence the intensity and direction of terahertz waves;
Step five, the generated terahertz wave needs to be transmitted through a specific waveguide structure so as to reduce loss and maintain signal quality; depending on the specific application requirements, it may be necessary to design a complex transmission path to ensure that the terahertz wave can accurately reach the target location;
step six, the generated terahertz waves are detected by a specially designed detector, and the detected data are processed and analyzed to extract useful spectrum information, phase information and the like so as to be further researched or practically applied;
And step seven, accurate synchronization is needed among all components of the whole system, particularly time synchronization between generation of laser pulses and detection of terahertz waves, the running state of the system is monitored in real time, and parameters are adjusted according to the needs to optimize performance, such as automatically adjusting laser power or pulse width.
As shown in fig. 1, the femtosecond laser amplifier 1 emits a laser beam, the laser beam is reflected by the first plane mirror 2 and the second plane mirror 23, the laser beam is divided into a laser beam and a first laser beam by the first beam splitter 3, and the laser beam is divided into a second laser beam and a third laser beam by the second beam splitter 24;
The first laser beam passes through the second plane mirror 4, the third plane mirror 5, the fourth plane mirror 6, the fifth plane mirror 7 and the sixth plane mirror 8, and finally passes through the cylindrical mirror 9, and the second laser beam passes through the seventh plane mirror 10, the eighth plane mirror 11, the ninth plane mirror 12 and the first focusing lens 13;
the third laser beam passes through a tenth plane mirror 14, an eleventh plane mirror 15, and a second focusing lens 16;
The first laser beam, the second laser beam and the third laser beam pass through the first off-axis parabolic mirror 18, the plane reflecting gold mirror 19, the high-resistance silicon wafer 20 and the second off-axis parabolic mirror 21 after passing through the direct-current high-voltage electrode 17, and finally are converged on the detector 22 for detection.
The focusing lens is arranged in the system and can focus laser beams, namely, the light intensity at a small point (usually in the micron or submicron level) is obviously improved by focusing femtosecond laser pulses to the point, so that the energy density enough for inducing air ionization is achieved, and the laser energy is ensured to be concentrated at a specific space position, thereby realizing the accurate control of the plasma generation position;
The nonlinear optical effect is enhanced, namely, when the femtosecond laser pulse is focused in the air, a generated high-intensity electric field can induce various nonlinear optical effects, such as four-wave mixing and difference frequency generation, the effects can generate terahertz waves, and the focusing lens can provide optimal light intensity distribution, so that nonlinear interaction is more efficient, and the generation efficiency of the terahertz waves is improved;
The high-strength electric field at the focusing point can ionize gas molecules (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) in the air to form a local plasma channel, and the position, the size and the duration of the plasma can be controlled by adjusting the position and the parameters of the focusing lens, so that a more stable and controllable plasma channel is obtained.
The function of setting high-resistance silicon chips in the system is as follows:
the high-resistance silicon wafer has a lower terahertz wave absorption coefficient, can effectively reduce the energy loss of the terahertz wave in the transmission process, and has higher transparency to the terahertz wave, so that the high-resistance silicon wafer becomes an ideal transmission medium;
the high-resistance silicon wafer can be processed into a specific waveguide structure (such as a strip waveguide, a ridge waveguide and the like) so as to guide and control the propagation path of the terahertz wave, and the high-efficiency coupling and transmission of the terahertz wave among different components are realized by designing a proper waveguide structure;
The high-resistance silicon chip can generate a light rectification effect (Optical Rectification) under the action of a strong laser field so as to generate terahertz waves, the effect utilizes the nonlinear optical characteristics of materials to convert femtosecond laser pulses into broadband terahertz waves, and the high-resistance silicon material can also be used for nonlinear optical processes such as difference frequency generation, four-wave mixing and the like so as to further enrich the generation mechanism of the terahertz waves.
While the basic principles and main features of the present invention and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments and can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention, and therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120370143A (en) * | 2025-06-26 | 2025-07-25 | 天津大学 | Detection system and method based on terahertz pulse on-chip radiation detection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN120370143A (en) * | 2025-06-26 | 2025-07-25 | 天津大学 | Detection system and method based on terahertz pulse on-chip radiation detection |
| CN120370143B (en) * | 2025-06-26 | 2025-09-19 | 天津大学 | Detection system and method based on terahertz pulse on-chip radiation detection |
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