Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a radio comprehensive detector for solving the problems in the prior art, which realizes the external field maintenance targets of single carrying, single operation and single flying, and remarkably improves the universality, the efficiency and the environmental adaptability of the maintenance of the mission.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A radio comprehensive detector comprises a main control part, an upper computer part and a radio frequency part;
the main control part is cooperatively formed by an MCU and an FPGA, the MCU is communicated with the upper computer through a communication interface, the FPGA is connected with the radio frequency part through a parallel bus, and a PS mode program loading interface is configured;
The radio frequency part adopts a zero intermediate frequency software radio architecture and comprises a receiving channel and a transmitting channel;
the receiving channel sequentially comprises an amplitude limiter, a preselection filter bank, a numerical control attenuator, a low-noise amplifier and a single-pole double-throw switch bank, wherein the preselection filter bank is composed of six filters with independent frequency bands and is used for sectionally restraining external interference signals;
The single-pole double-throw switch group in the receiving channel divides the receiving signal into a frequency band I and a frequency band II, wherein the frequency band I carries out up-conversion on the point frequency signal generated by the phase-locked loop PLL1 and then demodulates the point frequency signal with the broadband signal of the phase-locked loop PLL2 through the IQ demodulator to generate a baseband IQ signal;
the transmitting channel sequentially comprises an IQ modulator, a driving amplifier, a numerical control attenuator and a preselection filter bank, and the receiving and transmitting channels share the preselection filter bank of six independent frequency bands;
The single-pole double-throw switch group divides the modulated radio frequency signal into a frequency band I and a frequency band II, wherein the frequency band I carries out down conversion on a point frequency signal generated by the phase-locked loop PLL1, and the frequency band II is directly transmitted to a driving amplifier and is output by a preselect filter group;
the upper computer part comprises a touch screen and is connected with the main control board through a communication interface.
Furthermore, the preselection filter bank of the receiving channel covers the microwave wave bands below the L wave band, the bandwidth of each independent frequency band filter is matched with the working frequency band of the airborne equipment, and the filter switching is dynamically controlled by the MCU according to the test requirement.
Furthermore, the receiving channel and the transmitting channel of the radio frequency part are respectively connected with a double-channel 14-bit ADC/DAC, the sampling rate of the ADC/DAC is not lower than 40MHz, and the FPGA analyzes the phase and frequency information of the baseband signal through an amplitude threshold judgment algorithm.
Further, the power module of the main control part comprises an 8.4V rechargeable lithium battery, a 27V external direct current interface and a 3.3V, 1.5V, 1.1V and +/-5V secondary power supply conversion circuit realized by a TPS chip, wherein the lithium battery power supply link is provided with an overvoltage/overcurrent protection circuit, and all secondary power supplies are independently powered by the lithium battery.
Further, the interface module of the detector comprises two antenna interfaces and two altimeter interfaces;
the multifunctional multiplexing interface integrates MCU program downloading, FPGA configuration loading and battery charging functions;
The expansion interface, the two SPI communication pins and the general IO port are used for externally connecting the sensor.
Further, the functional module of the detector comprises a monitoring unit for monitoring the power supply voltage, the battery electric quantity and the radio frequency signal power in real time and displaying alarm information through a QT interface;
The test unit comprises a Takang test, a microwave landing test, a heading test, an automatic ship identification test and the like;
the system setting unit is used for configuring communication protocol encryption parameters, touch screen response time and three-level event interrupt priority, wherein the interrupt priority is realized through a preemptive scheduling mechanism.
Further, the PLL1 and PLL2 of the radio frequency part generate a dot frequency signal and a wideband signal, respectively, and the bandwidth of PLL2 covers the full operating frequency band of the IQ demodulator.
The invention can simulate the communication navigation signals of an airplane, a ship, a tower and a satellite, complete the functional test of 17 wireless motor-carried equipment such as a short wave/ultrashort wave radio station, a microwave/instrument landing system, a radio altimeter and the like, realize the external field maintenance targets of single carrying, single operation and single flying, and remarkably improve the universality, the efficiency and the environmental adaptability of the maintenance of the mission.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The radio comprehensive detector provided by the invention adopts a zero intermediate frequency software radio architecture, omits a traditional multistage frequency conversion circuit, combines MCU+FPGA cooperative control and modularized design, greatly simplifies a radio frequency link, reduces the volume of equipment by about 50%, reduces the weight to a single carrying standard, meets the requirement of quick deployment of an outfield, and reduces redundant hardware and further space occupation by adopting a common design of six sections of independent frequency division and receiving and transmitting channels of a preselect filter bank;
(2) According to the radio comprehensive detector provided by the invention, the receiving channel and the transmitting channel dynamically switch the first frequency band and the second frequency band through the single-pole double-throw switch group, the full-frequency-band compatibility from the L-band to the microwave-band is realized by combining the cooperative work of the phase-locked loop PLL1 and the PLL2, the frequency band of 2 Mhz-6 GHz of aviation radio can be adapted, the detection requirements of active service and novel airborne equipment are covered, the frequency band bandwidth of the preselect filter group is strictly matched with the airborne equipment, and the switching of the filter is dynamically controlled through the MCU, so that the problem of poor compatibility caused by the fixation of the frequency band of the traditional equipment is avoided;
(3) According to the radio comprehensive detector provided by the invention, the QT interface is integrated on the upper computer of the touch screen, one-key channel configuration, dynamic azimuth/distance simulation and recognition voice control are supported, the degree of automation of a test flow is improved by 80%, the number of manual operation steps is reduced to be within 3, the function of automatically generating signals in a continuous mode is replaced by the traditional manual item-by-item configuration, and the test time is obviously shortened;
(4) The radio comprehensive detector provided by the invention supports comprehensive functions such as power measurement, sensitivity test and precise distance measurement, the phase and frequency information of baseband signals are analyzed in real time through the FPGA, the detection precision reaches +/-0.1 dB, the fidelity of signal acquisition and generation is ensured by the double-channel 14-bit ADC/DAC, and the high dynamic range test requirement is met;
(5) The invention provides a radio comprehensive detector, which adopts a domestic scheme for key devices (such as ADC/DAC and power management chip), combines a multistage conversion and overvoltage/overcurrent protection circuit of TPS series power chips, ensures the stable operation of equipment in a complex external field environment, and prevents data leakage, system blockage and fault rate reduction by an encryption communication protocol and a three-stage event interrupt preemption mechanism.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a radio integrated detector according to this embodiment includes a main control portion, a radio frequency portion, and an upper computer portion.
The main control part responds to the operation instruction of the upper computer, transmits necessary data to the upper computer for display, and simultaneously cooperates with the radio frequency part to complete the receiving and the encoding and the decoding of signals. The device mainly comprises wireless communication, digital-to-analog/analog conversion, a power supply, an interface, a control core, an expansion slot and the like.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the digital-analog/digital conversion includes 2 ADCs/DACs, and a dual-channel ADC/DAC is used to maximize the utilization space, so as to ensure the quality and bandwidth of the received and transmitted signal, a model better than 40m and 14 bits is used, and because the battery power also needs to be collected by using an ADC, the accuracy requirement is not high, and the embodiment uses an ADC of the MCU or the FPGA.
Referring to fig. 4-7, the power supply uses an 8.4V rechargeable battery as a main power supply, a 27V external direct current as an external standby power supply, and the secondary power supply required by the detector is 3.3V, 1.5V, 1.1V and +/-5V, and a universal voltage chip is selected according to the required power and application to realize power conversion.
Referring to fig. 8-10, the core control is built by adopting an architecture of an MCU+FPGA, and the FPGA is mainly responsible for completing the sending and receiving of signals in cooperation with the radio frequency module and changing corresponding signal contents according to instructions of the MCU. The MCU is responsible for communication with an upper computer, monitoring a power supply, configuring an FPGA program, switching control and the like.
The embodiment also comprises an interface module, wherein the interface module comprises a multifunctional multiplexing interface, two antenna interfaces, two altimeter interfaces and an expansion interface, the multifunctional multiplexing interface is used for integrating MCU program downloading, FPGA configuration loading and battery charging functions, and the expansion interface comprises two SPI communication pins and a general IO port and is used for externally connecting a new module, as shown in FIG. 11.
In the embodiment, the wireless communication adopts a split type design, so that the wireless communication needs to be encrypted in order to meet the confidentiality requirement, point-to-point communication is abandoned in the embodiment, and the work function expansion is realized in a networking communication mode;
The wireless communication relates to the audio encoding function, in this embodiment, the audio encoding and decoding are implemented by using the earphone of the wireless communication, and referring to fig. 13, the encoding and decoding flow is implemented by a circuit.
The upper computer part is matched with the functions of corresponding buttons, switches and other controls on a program interface, an IPS industrial capacitive touch display screen is adopted, comfortable and efficient man-machine interaction experience is provided for a user, a man-machine interaction board card is mainly used for carrying a linux system, a QT interface is adopted for realizing man-machine interaction, and the inside is communicated with an MCU through an SPI bus to issue control instructions.
The radio frequency part is constructed based on the zero intermediate frequency software radio technology, the simplification and miniaturization of a hardware circuit are realized by simplifying the mixing link in the traditional superheterodyne architecture, and the radio frequency part effectively reduces the occupation of physical space while maintaining the high-precision signal processing capability, so that the radio frequency part is particularly suitable for application scenes sensitive to volume and power consumption. The whole scheme is composed of a controller, a filter bank, a radio frequency switch, a phase-locked loop PLL, a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS and other key modules, and the whole flow operation from radio frequency signal receiving, processing and transmitting is completed through the cooperation of digital and analog circuits, and is described with reference to figure 14.
In the embodiment, the signal processing of the receiving channel starts from amplitude limiting protection, the externally input radio frequency signal firstly passes through the amplitude limiter, the core function of the signal processing device is to limit the signal amplitude within a safe working range, the damage of devices caused by overload or burst high-power signals of a later-stage circuit is prevented, the signal subjected to amplitude limiting processing enters a preselection filter bank, the filter bank comprises six independent frequency bands, and the filter channel of the corresponding frequency band is selected by a controller. Each filter is designed for a specific frequency range, effectively suppressing out-of-band interference signals while ensuring low loss transmission of useful signals.
The pre-filtered signal enters a digital control attenuator link, and the module adjusts the attenuation through a digital control signal and dynamically adjusts the gain of a receiving channel. The controller automatically adjusts the attenuation value according to the signal intensity, so that the small signal can be effectively amplified, the saturation of an amplifier caused by a large signal is avoided, the system can adapt to input signals with different intensities, and stable signal processing quality is maintained. The attenuated signal is initially amplified by a low noise amplifier, so that the strength of the weak signal is improved, and enough signal amplitude is provided for subsequent demodulation processing. The low noise nature of the amplifier ensures that the signal to noise ratio of the signal does not significantly degrade during amplification.
Aiming at the processing requirement of broadband signals, the system is provided with a frequency band switch at the demodulation front end. When the input signal belongs to the low frequency band, the switch guides the input signal to the mixing channel, up-conversion processing is carried out on the input signal and the point frequency model generated by the phase-locked loop PLL1, the signal is moved to the frequency band suitable for the demodulator to work, and when the signal is in the high frequency band, the signal directly enters the demodulation link through the switch through path. The IQ demodulator receives the radio frequency signal after frequency division processing, carries out quadrature demodulation with the broadband signal generated by the phase-locked loop PLL2, separates out I-path and Q-path baseband signals, amplifies and filters the two paths of signals output by demodulation, and removes high-frequency residual components to form an analog signal meeting the sampling requirement of the subsequent ADC.
The transmitting channel adopts a symmetrical design architecture with the receiving channel. The IQ signal generated by the baseband processing is amplified and filtered and then enters an IQ modulator, and quadrature modulation is carried out on the IQ signal and the broadband signal generated by the phase-locked loop PLL2, so that the baseband signal is moved to a target radio frequency band. The modulated radio frequency signal is processed by a frequency band dividing switch, the frequency band to be subjected to down-conversion is mixed with the point frequency signal of the PLL1, the original frequency is kept for the straight-through frequency band, and a subsequent numerical control attenuator is used for accurately adjusting the transmitting power, so that the dynamic adjustment of the transmitting intensity is realized through digital control. The drive amplifier power boosts the signal to ensure that the output signal reaches the desired transmit power level. The final-stage preselection filter bank carries out-of-band spurious suppression on the emission signal, and six segmented filters of the final-stage preselection filter bank can effectively filter harmonic components, so that the spectral purity of the output signal is ensured.
In the receiving channel of this embodiment, the FPGA receives the digital IQ signal from the ADC sample, and extracts the phase information through the amplitude threshold decision. For a 4PSK modulated signal, when the I and Q signal amplitudes are both in a certain range, the system determines that the current symbol phase is 45 degrees and corresponds to baseband data 00. The frequency information is obtained by calculating the phase change rate between adjacent symbols, and the frequency modulation characteristics of the signals are extracted. The inverse process of the transmitting channel realizes the generation of baseband signals by the FPGA, the data to be transmitted is mapped into corresponding IQ amplitude combinations, and analog baseband signals are formed through digital-to-analog conversion. The whole processing process adopts a digital algorithm to realize modulation and demodulation.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 15, the implementation of the test function and the software architecture of the detector are described in detail on the basis of embodiment 1, and the example of the tacon system in the aviation radio includes tacon function test, power sensitivity measurement and system stability guarantee.
The Takang function test flow in this embodiment is as follows:
MCU stores 252 kinds of wave channel 1X ~126X, 1Y ~126Y corresponding transmission/receiving frequency table, and the user selects the target wave channel through the touch-sensitive screen, and MCU sends the instruction to FPGA, control radio frequency module switching phase-locked loop frequency and preselect filter.
The FPGA generates a corresponding pulse coding signal according to the azimuth and distance values input by the upper computer, and the FPGA automatically generates a dynamic signal at the azimuth change rate of 5 degrees/s and the distance change rate of 5km/s to simulate the motion state of the airplane.
After the user triggers the identification key, the FPGA generates a continuous audio Tone mode or a Morse code Random mode, the continuous audio Tone mode or the Morse code Random mode is output after being modulated by the radio frequency part, and the detector is fed back through a wireless earphone receiver machine-mounted device to verify that the identification function is normal.
The FPGA acquires the amplitude of a received signal in real time, the amplitude of the received signal is converted by the MCU through Kalman filtering and dBm, the display range is-55 dBm to-90 dBm, the precision is +/-0.1 dB, the peak power captures the maximum value of the signal envelope through the FPGA and is uploaded to an upper computer, the detector gradually reduces the transmitting power from-55 dBm to-90 dBm, the step is 5dB until no response is given to airborne equipment, and the power value is the receiving sensitivity.
The present embodiment is exemplified by an air-tube transponder system in an air radio, including a/C mode functional test, sidelobe suppression measurement, and S-mode encoding test.
The functional test flow of the hollow tube transponder in the embodiment is as follows:
The detector transmits an A-mode inquiry signal to trigger the transponder on the aircraft to make A-mode response, the aircraft batch code information is calculated in the response signal and displayed on a screen, and the working performance of the transponder A-mode codec can be completed by checking the consistency of the screen display and the on-board setting.
The detector utilizes the C-mode inquiry to trigger the answering machine to answer, receives and analyzes the Gray code in the answer signal, converts the Gray code into corresponding height and displays the corresponding height on a screen. At this time, the working capacity of the C-mode codec function of the transponder can be completed by checking the altitude indication of the aircraft and the inspection instrument.
The detector simulates the condition that the aircraft is irradiated by side lobes by adjusting the signal amplitude of the P2 pulse in the interrogation signal, and can simulate three scenes of a response area, a fuzzy area and a non-response area.
The inspection instrument utilizes the S-mode inquiry to trigger the answering machine to answer, receives and analyzes the batch code, the address code and the Gray code in the answer signal, converts the batch code, the address code and the Gray code into corresponding data and displays the corresponding data on a screen. At this time, the working capacity of the S-mode encoding and decoding functions of the transponder can be completed by checking the display of the S-mode transponder control box on the aircraft and the indication of the inspection instrument.
The software in this embodiment adopts a discrete architecture, and is divided into the following units:
And the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the voltage, the radio frequency signal power and the temperature of the battery in real time, and triggering three-level alarm in an abnormal state.
The test unit integrates the test modes such as Takang, DME/P (precision ranging), VOR (omni-directional beacon) and the like, supports the editing and batch execution of the test script, for example, continuously switches 10 channels and records the result.
And the system setting unit is used for configuring a communication protocol and touch screen response time.
Example 3
The embodiment proposes a test flow operation of a radio integrated detector based on embodiment 2
Referring to fig. 16, the operation detection, which is the start of the whole procedure start, is as follows:
after the detector is started, the touch screen enters a standby state, and continuously scans user operation signals. At this time, the screen displays the current test mode and the parameter interface, waiting for user input.
The user selects a function button or inputs parameters through the touch screen, and the touch screen controller detects the change of the capacitance signal in real time and triggers an operation detection program.
The system precisely locates the user operation area by scanning the coordinate grid of the touch screen and maps the coordinates to the current interface layout.
And verifying whether the user operation accords with logic and authority according to the current display page and the system state, if so, executing corresponding operation by the system, updating interface display, and recording an operation log.
If the operation is invalid, the scanning state is returned.
Referring to fig. 17, the display interface is operated, and after the operator makes a correct operation, the display interface gives notification that a corresponding change should appear on the display interface, and the processor also updates the record of the current state of the display interface in real time, so as to ensure the correctness of the operation, specifically:
after the detector is powered on, the main control part is started, and the power management module completes self-checking to ensure that each voltage is output normally.
Starting the Linux system, loading a preset test configuration file on a QT interface frame, and displaying a touch screen main interface on a standby interface, wherein the standby interface comprises channel configuration, power measurement, azimuth simulation, function buttons and current parameter states.
The user triggers the operation through the touch screen, and the system enters an event response flow:
Replacing the original numerical value display with the new numerical value, namely, if a user switches from the channel 31X to the channel 45X, displaying the new channel number on the interface in real time;
changing the display value if the user slides the power adjustment bar, the value is dynamically updated from-70 dBm to-75 dBm.
The system classifies the processing according to the operation type, including parameter modification and function switching.
The processor responds according to the new value to release the original value and reserve the new value.
If the user cancels the operation, the interface resumes the display of the original parameters (e.g. channel 31X), and if the operation is confirmed, the new value is validated and continuously displayed.
After the current operation is completed, the system returns to the standby interface or jumps to an associated function page (such as a continuous mode monitoring interface) to continue waiting for user input.
Referring to fig. 18, all event responses in the radio integrated detector are prioritized by the software architecture to ensure that the system does not seize or run confused by receiving too many response events at the same time.
The priority of the event interrupt is divided into a first-level interrupt, namely power failure and over-temperature, a second-level interrupt, namely communication timeout and data verification error, and a third-level interrupt, namely user operation instruction.
The detector may trigger a variety of events during operation.
Judging whether an event is executed currently, if no event is executed, directly executing a new event, and if the event is executed, entering a priority comparison flow.
Comparing preset event priorities
The system judges the priority of the event according to the preset rule, namely, the first-stage interruption (highest priority) is power failure, over-temperature and emergency stop, the second-stage interruption is communication timeout and data check error, and the third-stage interruption (lowest priority) is user parameter adjustment and routine test task.
And executing the operation according to the priority, immediately stopping the current event to execute the new event when the priority of the new event is higher, continuously executing the current event when the priority of the old event is higher, completing post-processing the new event, and covering the new event when the priorities are equal.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.