CN120009937A

CN120009937A - Pulse energy determination method, device, electronic device and readable storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN120009937A
Application number: CN202311526589.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕旭东; 龚正光
Original assignee: Raycan Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Raycan Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-11-16
Filing date: 2023-11-16
Publication date: 2025-05-16

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly discloses a pulse energy determination method, a pulse energy determination device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a plurality of thresholds, wherein each threshold corresponds to different energy values of different pulses, comparing the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with each threshold in sequence, and determining an energy address where the pulse to be detected falls according to each comparison result. The complex calculation process of fitting pulse waveform and calculating energy value by integration is bypassed, the energy spectrum information corresponding to the pulse to be detected can be determined through the result of comparing the pulse amplitude value with each threshold value for multiple times, the hardware circuit is simplified, excessive hardware resources are not required to be occupied, and the power consumption of the chip is reduced.

Description

Pulse energy determination method, pulse energy determination device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of signal processing technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for determining pulse energy, an electronic device, and a readable storage medium.

Background

The high-energy rays can be applied to various detection scenes such as security inspection, food safety, geological exploration, nuclear medicine and the like, and the high-energy rays (such as X rays and gamma rays) usually need to use a scintillation detector. The working principle of the scintillation detector is that high-energy rays are converted into visible photons through a scintillation crystal, then the visible photons are converted into electric signals through a photoelectric conversion device, the electric signals are output in the form of scintillation pulses, and then the information of energy, time and the like of the high-energy rays can be obtained through collecting the scintillation pulses and processing the signals, so that the number of the scintillation pulses falling into each energy channel address is counted, and an energy spectrum is drawn.

In the conventional technology, in order to obtain an energy spectrum, a threshold time pair of each scintillation pulse is generally obtained through sampling, a pulse waveform is restored through fitting of each threshold time pair and a fitting function, then the pulse waveform is integrated to obtain energy values of the scintillation pulses, and finally an energy channel address where each scintillation pulse falls into is determined according to the energy values of each scintillation pulse, so that energy spectrum information is obtained. However, the above method needs to occupy excessive hardware resources and perform complex calculation, which results in large power consumption of the chip.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a pulse energy determination method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium.

According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a pulse energy determination method including:

acquiring a plurality of thresholds, each corresponding to a different energy value of a different pulse;

sequentially comparing the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with each threshold value;

And determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls according to each comparison result.

In one embodiment, the step of obtaining a plurality of thresholds includes:

Determining each energy channel address in an energy spectrum according to the attribute information of the pulse to be detected;

And determining representative values of amplitude intervals corresponding to at least part of energy addresses as thresholds, wherein the thresholds are identical with the amplitude attributes.

In one embodiment, the representative value includes any endpoint value and a median value of the amplitude intervals corresponding to the energy addresses.

In one embodiment, the step of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold value includes:

And determining any end point value of the amplitude intervals corresponding to all the energy addresses as each threshold value through a division method.

And determining any end point value of the amplitude range corresponding to the partial energy track address as each threshold value through a dichotomy, wherein each comparison round has a threshold value, and determining the threshold value of the (i+1) th comparison round according to the comparison result of the (i) th comparison round.

In one embodiment, the determining the threshold value of the i+1th comparison round according to the comparison result of the i-th comparison round includes:

In the (i+1) th comparison round, the (i) th round interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be detected determined by the (i) th comparison round falls is halved, and then the intermediate value of the (i) th round interval is used as the threshold value of the (i+1) th comparison round.

In one embodiment, the comparison results output by each comparison round comprise binary numbers, and the step of determining the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls according to each comparison result comprises the following steps:

combining the binary numbers according to the comparison round to generate a binary sequence;

and determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls according to the corresponding relation between the binary sequence and the energy channel address.

and determining the endpoint value of the amplitude interval corresponding to the partial energy track address as each threshold value by a quartering method, wherein each comparison round has three threshold values, and determining the threshold value of the (i+1) th comparison round according to the comparison result of the (i) th comparison round.

in the ith comparison round, the ith round interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be detected determined through the ith comparison round falls is quartered, and then three values of the quartered ith round interval are used as the threshold value of the ith comparison round of the (i+1).

In one embodiment, the step of determining the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls according to each comparison result includes:

determining an amplitude interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be detected falls according to each comparison result;

and determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls according to the corresponding relation between the amplitude interval and the energy channel address.

According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a pulse energy determination apparatus including:

an acquisition module for acquiring a plurality of thresholds, each of the thresholds corresponding to a different energy value of a different pulse;

the comparison module is used for sequentially comparing the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with each threshold value;

and the determining module is used for determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls according to each comparison result.

In one embodiment, the acquisition module is configured to include:

a first determining unit configured to determine each energy track address in an energy spectrum according to attribute information of the pulse to be measured;

and the second determining unit is configured to determine the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold value, wherein the threshold value is identical with the attribute of the amplitude.

In one embodiment, the second determining unit is configured to:

In one embodiment, the second determining unit is further configured to:

In one embodiment, the comparison result of each comparison round output comprises a binary number, and the determining module is configured to:

In one embodiment, the second determining unit is configured to:

In one embodiment, the second determining unit is further configured to:

In one embodiment, the determination module is configured to:

According to a third aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electronic device comprising a pulse energy determination apparatus as described above.

According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present application there is provided an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program implementing the steps of the pulse energy determination method as described above when executed by the processor.

According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a pulse energy determination method as described above.

According to the pulse energy determining method, the pulse energy determining device, the electronic equipment and the readable storage medium, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected and the thresholds corresponding to the energy values are sequentially compared, and then the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls is determined according to the comparison results, namely, the complex calculation process of fitting the pulse waveform and calculating the energy value through integration is bypassed, and the energy spectrum information corresponding to the pulse to be detected can be determined according to the result of comparing the pulse amplitude with the thresholds for a plurality of times, so that a hardware circuit is simplified, excessive hardware resources are not occupied, and the power consumption of a chip is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a pulse energy determination method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of step S100 in a pulse energy determination method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure corresponding to the dichotomy;

FIG. 4 is a block flow diagram of step S500 in a pulse energy determination method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure corresponding to the method of using the quartering method;

FIG. 6 is a block flow diagram of step S500 in a pulse energy determination method according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pulse energy determining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the application. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly specified. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Some preferred embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following description is for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

The high-energy rays can be applied to various detection scenes such as security inspection, food safety, geological exploration, nuclear medicine and the like, and scintillation detectors are usually required to detect the high-energy rays (such as X rays and gamma rays). Taking pulse neutron logging in geological exploration as an example, the principle is that pulse neutrons are adopted to act with different elements in stratum so as to release gamma rays, and corresponding energy spectrum information, time spectrum information or position information is obtained according to detected gamma ray information. For example, a scintillation crystal is used for coupling with a photoelectric conversion device, energy of gamma rays is deposited through the scintillation crystal, visible light is generated, a visible light signal is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric conversion device, and information such as the energy of the gamma rays can be obtained through a subsequent digital processing process. The scintillation crystal used at present is generally BGO, lanthanum bromide, sodium iodide, etc., and the photoelectric conversion device may be a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a silicon photomultiplier tube (SiPM) capable of operating at high temperature.

Two methods of digitizing are more common, the first is a direct digitizing method of a high-speed ADC, which needs to shape and broaden an electric pulse signal, and then digitally sample the electric pulse signal by using the high-speed ADC (typically, the sampling rate is greater than 1 GSps), however, in engineering practice, digitizing a pulse needs to acquire at least 20 sampling points, and an ADC chip working under a high temperature (such as 175 ℃) condition has insufficient sampling performance and high cost, so that the digitizing of the high-speed scintillation pulse signal cannot be completed, especially, the method is difficult to be applied to petroleum logging, and the second is a peak hold method, which uses a peak hold circuit to lock the amplitude of the electric pulse signal, and then uses an ADC to acquire the amplitude to acquire energy information of the pulse, and the peak hold method can process the high-speed scintillation pulse, but has a peak hold lock establishment and a peak hold circuit recovery process, and the dead time is very long, which usually reaches several hundred microseconds, which greatly limits the pulse passing rate (the number of pulses processed per unit time) of the digitized portion. In oil logging, the number of pulse events often increases explosively, for example, the number of pulses reaches 100KCPS, i.e., on average one pulse is generated every 10us, and the dead time of the peak hold method can cause many pulse signals to be lost in the digitizing process, thereby causing measurement result bias.

In order to solve the above-mentioned pulse digitization problem, an MVT (Multi-Voltage Threshold, multi-voltage threshold sampling) digitization method is introduced. Compared with the traditional ADC time interval sampling method, the MVT digital sampling method can set a plurality of threshold voltages, and only the time when the scintillation pulse passes through the threshold voltages is digitally sampled, so that a plurality of sampling points are respectively acquired in a rapid rising edge stage and a relatively slow falling edge stage, and each sampling point corresponds to a group of time-voltage pair information. In specific use, after a series of time-voltage pair information is obtained, accurate acquisition of particle energy deposition information is realized by a pulse fitting method according to scintillation pulse priori shape information acquired in advance. At present, the Levenberg-Marquardt (Levenberg-Marquardt) method is one of the optimization algorithms of pulse fitting, and is also the most widely used nonlinear least square iterative algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization method between Newton's method and gradient descent method by using gradient to obtain the maximum (small) value, and has the advantages of both the gradient method and Newton's method.

However, due to the fact that the chip calculation force and the fitting method are too complex, the fitting algorithm of the MVT cannot be completed on embedded chips such as an FPGA, an STM32 and a DSP, so that the original sampling points obtained by the MVT method are required to be transmitted to a computer in the modes of Ethernet, serial ports, wiFi and the like, and then the energy is calculated through the algorithm of software iteration. In the logging process, the scintillation pulse shows the characteristic of periodic burst, the data volume of the original sampling point can reach 10 Mbps-1 Gbps, and is limited by the use scene of logging, such as the characteristic that the underground depth is up to ten thousand meters and the environment temperature is high, the scintillation pulse can only be externally transmitted by adopting a transmission mode of carrier communication, and the bandwidth is only about 100 Kbps. In the existing method, a plurality of original sampling point data are transmitted, which can certainly occupy very high bandwidth, so that the counting rate is reduced, and when the method is combined with a host computer/a server, each pulse is combined with the ultra-high CPU time due to repeated iteration. Therefore, in order to avoid occupying excessive CPU resources and reduce the operation pressure of the CPU, a board-level fitting method appears in the field, namely, energy information is directly and quickly calculated on hardware, for example, the energy information can be fitted on a chip board such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), a DSP (digital signal processor) and the like, instead of fitting on a server, namely, equipment with strong calculation capability such as a server or a computer and the like is not needed.

Existing methods of computing plate-level fits generally include:

and acquiring a corresponding scintillation pulse shape characteristic model according to the coupled scintillation crystal and the photoelectric conversion device. For example, for the coupling of LaBr ₃ scintillation crystals to a photoelectric conversion device (PMT), the shape of the scintillation pulse can be described as including a relatively fast rising edge and a relatively slow falling edge, without regard to noise effects, and the corresponding scintillation pulse shape characterization model can be considered as a functional mathematical model as follows:

y=e^ax^ce^bx

Where y is the amplitude of the scintillation pulse, such as the voltage amplitude, x is the time of the scintillation pulse, and three parameters a, b, and c are to be determined, i.e., a scintillation pulse signal generated by LaBr ₃/PMT coupling can be determined from three characteristic values a, b, and c.

After the detector collects a series of time-voltage information, fitting and restoring the time-voltage information on the FPGA according to the mathematical model, wherein the process is realized on a hardware circuit, the FPGA fits a function of a pulse waveform, and the function of the pulse waveform is integrated in an accumulation mode, so that the energy information of the pulse is calculated. After the FPGA finishes the calculation of pulse energy, energy information is sent to the DSP, and the DSP draws an energy spectrum so as to carry out specific analysis based on the energy spectrum.

However, when the above mathematical model is adopted to perform pulse fitting on hardware circuits such as FPGA and ASCI (application specific integrated circuit), the pulse waveform needs to be restored by solving an equation, and then the fitted waveform is integrated to obtain energy information, so as to draw an energy spectrum. This process still occupies excessive hardware resources and is computationally complex, resulting in still large power consumption of the chip. In addition, the high temperature resistance of the chip is affected by the power consumption of the chip operation, and in a scene of high-energy ray detection, such as a geological exploration scene, the environment temperature is as high as 175 ℃, and too complex pulse fitting process can lead to the chip being less tolerant to high temperature due to excessive power consumption.

In view of the foregoing, the present application provides a pulse energy determination method, a pulse energy determination apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium.

Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, a pulse energy determination method is provided, comprising the steps of:

step S100, a plurality of thresholds are acquired, and each threshold corresponds to different energy values of different pulses.

When the high-energy rays enter the scintillation detector, the scintillation crystal in the scintillation detector can convert the high-energy rays into visible light signals, then the visible light signals are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric conversion device, and the electric signals can be output in a pulse mode through the electronic device connected with the photoelectric conversion device.

After each pulse is acquired, each pulse can be acquired and subjected to signal processing, and finally the energy spectrum is obtained. The abscissa of the standard energy spectrum is an energy address, each energy address corresponds to a certain energy interval, wherein the corresponding relation between pulse energy and pulse amplitude can be determined according to prior information, namely, each energy address corresponds to a certain pulse amplitude interval. The ordinate of the standard spectrum is the number of pulses falling within each energy track.

In order to draw an energy spectrum, in the conventional technology, a pulse is usually digitally sampled, a sampling threshold value crossed by the pulse and time crossed by each sampling threshold value are obtained, further a threshold time pair is obtained, a pulse waveform is subjected to fitting reduction through the threshold time pair and a fitting function, the energy value of the pulse can be obtained by carrying out integral calculation on the reduced pulse waveform, the energy value of each pulse is judged to determine the energy channel address where each pulse falls, the number of pulses falling into each energy channel address can be counted, and the drawing of the energy spectrum is realized. By the method, although accurate energy spectrum information can be obtained finally, a large amount of resources are consumed because fitting reduction and integral calculation are needed for each pulse, and therefore the power consumption of a chip is high. In order to reduce the consumption of resources and reduce the power consumption of a chip, the method adopted by the embodiment is that the energy value of the pulse is calculated without fitting a restored pulse waveform and integrating, but in view of the corresponding relation between the pulse energy and the amplitude, the amplitude is directly determined to be in which amplitude interval of the ordinate of the energy spectrum according to the amplitude of the pulse output by the scintillation detector, namely, the pulse is determined to be in which energy channel address, and then the energy spectrum is drawn according to the number of the pulses in each energy channel address.

In order to determine which amplitude interval the amplitude of the pulse to be measured falls within, a plurality of thresholds may first be set, each of which may be used for comparison with the amplitude of the input pulse to be measured in a subsequent comparison step. The threshold value is the same as the attribute of the amplitude, for example, the amplitude is a voltage value, and the threshold value is the voltage value. The threshold value can be set as an endpoint value of an amplitude interval corresponding to the energy channel address in the energy spectrum, and the amplitude of the pulse is directly compared with the endpoint value of the amplitude interval corresponding to each energy channel address, so that the amplitude of the pulse can be divided into a certain amplitude interval or a certain amplitude intervals more accurately.

In this embodiment, a plurality of thresholds for comparison may be determined in advance, for example, endpoint values of amplitude intervals corresponding to all energy addresses in the energy spectrum are all used as thresholds. The threshold value participating in comparison in the next comparison round can also be determined according to the comparison result of the threshold value in the previous comparison round and the amplitude value of the pulse to be detected, so that the energy address where the pulse to be detected falls can be determined more quickly and accurately.

Step S300, comparing the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with each threshold value in sequence.

In each comparison round, a corresponding comparator can be arranged, a threshold value is input to one end of the comparator, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected is input to the other end of the comparator, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected is compared with the threshold value of each comparison round through each comparator, and then a comparison result is output.

Step S500, determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be tested falls according to each comparison result.

The amplitude interval in which the pulse to be detected falls can be determined through the comparison results of each comparison round, and then the energy channel address in which the pulse to be detected falls is determined according to the corresponding relation between the amplitude and the energy.

According to the pulse energy determining method provided by the embodiment, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected is sequentially compared with the thresholds corresponding to the energy values, and then the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls is determined according to the comparison results, namely, the complex calculation process of fitting the pulse waveform and calculating the energy value through integration is bypassed, the energy spectrum information corresponding to the pulse to be detected can be determined according to the result of comparing the pulse amplitude with the thresholds for a plurality of times, the hardware circuit is simplified, excessive hardware resources are not required to be occupied, and the power consumption of a chip is reduced.

By collecting prior information, it can be found that a relatively obvious linear relation exists between the energy of the pulse and the amplitude of the pulse, that is, by determining the amplitude information of the pulse, the energy information of the pulse can be obtained. Therefore, prior to acquiring multiple thresholds, the corresponding relationship between the energy and the amplitude of the pulse can be obtained by using a priori information. Specifically, a large number of pulses can be collected through an oscilloscope to obtain the amplitude of each pulse, and each pulse is integrated to obtain the energy value of each pulse, so that the corresponding relation between the amplitude of the pulse and the energy can be formed, namely, each energy channel address in the spectrum corresponds to one amplitude interval.

Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present application, step S100, that is, the step of acquiring a plurality of thresholds may include:

Step S110, each energy channel address in the energy spectrum is determined according to the attribute information of the pulse to be detected.

The attribute information of the pulse to be measured may include the type of the pulse to be measured, and in practical application, different types of pulses often correspond to different energies. Taking gamma photons as an example, the energy range of gamma photons is often no more than 9MeV, and the total number of energy addresses can be generally determined to be 256, i.e., the energy of gamma photons is divided into 256 parts, so that each energy address in the energy spectrum can be determined. Of course, the energy addresses in the energy spectrum can be determined according to actual needs.

And step S120, determining representative values of amplitude intervals corresponding to at least part of energy addresses as thresholds, wherein the thresholds are identical with the amplitude attributes.

After each energy channel address is determined, the amplitude interval corresponding to each energy channel address can be determined by combining the corresponding relation between the amplitude and the energy. In this embodiment, the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to the energy address may be one of the end points of the amplitude interval corresponding to the energy address, for example, [ V ₁₂₇,V₁₂₈ ] is the amplitude interval corresponding to the 128 th energy address, the lower end point V ₁₂₇ of the amplitude interval corresponding to the 128 th energy address may be taken as the representative value, or the upper end point V ₁₂₈ of the amplitude interval corresponding to the 128 th energy address may be taken as the representative value. Specifically, the upper endpoint value of the amplitude interval corresponding to the partial energy track address may be determined as each threshold value, and specifically, the threshold value of the next comparison round may be determined according to the comparison result of the previous comparison round, for example, the threshold value may be determined by a dichotomy or a quartering method, etc. The end point value of the amplitude range corresponding to each energy track address can also be directly used as a threshold value. It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the representative value may also be other values within the corresponding amplitude interval, such as the median value of the amplitude interval, etc., which will not be described herein.

In one embodiment of the present application, the step of determining the representative value of the amplitude intervals corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold in step S120 may include determining one of the end points of the amplitude intervals corresponding to all the energy addresses as each threshold by a division method.

That is, the number of comparators may be set according to the total number of energy addresses, for example, when the total number of energy addresses is 256, cascaded 1-256-stage comparators may be set, and the end values of the threshold intervals corresponding to 256 energy addresses are provided as the threshold for the 256-stage comparators through corresponding DACs (Digital-to-time converters). That is, the number of comparators, the number of thresholds, and the total number of energy addresses are the same. Therefore, after the amplitude of the pulse to be detected is compared with 256 thresholds one by one through 256 comparators, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected can be determined to fall into which amplitude interval, and further the energy address into which the pulse to be detected falls can be determined.

In one embodiment of the present application, the step S120 of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least a part of the energy addresses as each threshold may include determining one end value of the amplitude interval corresponding to a part of the energy addresses as each threshold by a dichotomy, and each comparison round has one threshold, wherein the threshold of the i+1th comparison round may be determined according to the comparison result of the i-th comparison round.

In this embodiment, determining the threshold value of the ith+1th comparison round according to the comparison result of the ith comparison round may include halving the ith round interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be measured determined through the ith comparison round falls in the ith+1th comparison round, and then taking the intermediate value of the ith round interval as the threshold value of the ith+1th comparison round.

When the threshold values are determined by the dichotomy, a threshold value can be set for each comparison round, namely, a comparator is correspondingly set, after the threshold value is compared with the amplitude of the pulse to be detected through the comparator, the amplitude of the pulse to be detected can be classified into one of two sections divided by the threshold value, then the intermediate value of the section is used as the threshold value of the next comparison round through the dichotomy, so that the amplitude of the pulse to be detected can be further compared with the amplitude of the pulse to be detected, and so on. When 256 energy addresses exist, the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls can be determined through 8 comparisons.

Taking 256 energy addresses as an example, referring to fig. 3, 8 comparators 10 may be provided, one comparator 10 for each comparison round. The respective threshold values may be input to the negative input terminal of each comparator 10 through the arbiter, the amplitude of the pulse to be measured may be input to the positive input terminal of each comparator 10, and after the amplitude of the pulse to be measured is input to the positive input terminal of the previous comparator 10, a slight delay (for example, 5 ns) may be stopped by the delay unit 20, and then the amplitude of the pulse to be measured may be serially input to the positive input terminal of the next comparator 10.

According to the dichotomy, the middle energy address of the 1 st to 256 th energy addresses is the 128 th energy address, so that the first threshold corresponding to the first comparator can be set as the end value of the threshold interval corresponding to the 128 th energy address, that is, the threshold interval corresponding to the 1 st to 256 th energy addresses is divided into two by the end value of the threshold interval corresponding to the 128 th energy address. And comparing the amplitude of the input pulse to be detected with a first threshold value through a first comparator, and judging whether the amplitude of the pulse to be detected is positioned in an amplitude interval corresponding to 1-128 energy addresses or in an amplitude interval corresponding to 129-256 energy addresses. The comparison result of the first comparator is sent to the arbiter 30, the arbiter 30 may continuously set the threshold value of the second comparator by a dichotomy according to the comparison result, specifically, when the comparison result of the first comparator is that the amplitude value of the pulse to be measured is within the amplitude range corresponding to 1 to 128 energy addresses, the second threshold value corresponding to the second comparator may be set to be the endpoint value of the threshold value range corresponding to the middle energy address (i.e. 64 th energy address) of 1 to 128 energy addresses, and the amplitude value of the pulse to be measured is compared with the second threshold value by the second comparator, so as to determine whether the amplitude value of the pulse to be measured is within the amplitude range corresponding to 1 to 64 energy addresses or within the amplitude range corresponding to 65 to 128 energy addresses. The comparison result of the first comparator is sent to the arbiter 30, and the arbiter 30 can continue to set the threshold value of the third comparator by the dichotomy according to the comparison result, and so on until the comparison result of the last stage comparator (i.e. the eighth comparator) is used to determine which energy address corresponds to the amplitude interval of the pulse to be measured.

According to the mode, the energy channel address where each pulse to be detected falls can be determined, and the counting unit is used for calculating the pulse quantity in each energy channel address, so that the pulse quantity falling into each energy channel address can be determined, and the energy spectrum can be obtained.

In one embodiment of the application, the comparison result output by each comparison round comprises a binary number. For example, when the amplitude of the pulse to be measured crosses the threshold value, binary 1 is output, and when the amplitude of the pulse to be measured does not cross the threshold value, binary 0 is output.

Referring to fig. 4, step S500, that is, the step of determining the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls according to each comparison result may include:

step S510, combining binary numbers according to the comparison round to generate a binary sequence;

step S520, determining the energy address of the pulse to be measured according to the corresponding relation between the binary sequence and the energy address.

Returning to the above example, when eight comparison runs are completed, eight binary numbers may be obtained, which may be combined in the order of comparison, to generate a binary sequence. According to the corresponding relation between the binary sequence and the energy address, the energy address corresponding to the binary sequence can be determined, and the energy address where the pulse to be detected falls can be determined.

In the case of 256 energy addresses, 8 comparison runs can be set by the dichotomy, i.e. a binary sequence consisting of 8 binary numbers can be finally obtained. Specifically, when the binary sequence is 00000000, it corresponds to the 1 st energy track address, when the binary sequence is 00000001, it corresponds to the 2 nd energy track address, and so on, when the binary sequence is increased by 1, the number of the corresponding energy track addresses increases by 1, when the binary sequence is 10000000, it corresponds to the 129 th energy track address, and when the binary sequence is 11111111111, it corresponds to the 256 th energy track address. The energy address corresponding to the binary sequence is the energy address of the pulse to be measured.

In one embodiment of the present application, the step S120 of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least a part of the energy addresses as each threshold may include determining one end value of the amplitude interval corresponding to a part of the energy addresses as each threshold by a quartering method, wherein each comparison round has three thresholds, and the threshold of the i+1th comparison round is determined according to the comparison result of the i-th comparison round.

In this embodiment, determining the threshold value of the ith+1th comparison round according to the comparison result of the ith comparison round may include, in the ith+1th comparison round, dividing the ith round interval into four equal parts, where the amplitude of the pulse to be measured determined through the ith comparison round falls, and using three values of the four equal parts of the ith round interval as the threshold value of the ith+1th comparison round.

When determining the thresholds in a quartering method, three thresholds may be set for each comparison round, i.e. three comparators are set for each comparison round, one for each threshold. In one comparison round, the three thresholds can be divided into 4 sections, the section where the pulse to be detected falls into can be determined according to the comparison result of the three comparators, then the three thresholds dividing the section into four equal parts are used as the thresholds in the next comparison round, so that the pulse to be detected can be further compared with the amplitude value of the pulse to be detected, and so on. When 256 energy addresses exist, the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls can be determined by 4 comparisons.

Taking 256 energy addresses as an example, referring to fig. 5, 4 comparison rounds may be set, each comparison round may be set with 3 comparators 10, the amplitude of the pulse to be measured may be input to the positive input terminals of the three comparators 10, and three threshold values may be respectively input to the negative input terminals of the three comparators 10. After the amplitude of the pulse to be measured is input to the positive input terminal of the previous comparator 10, a small delay (for example, 5 ns) may be stopped by the delay unit 20, and then the amplitude of the pulse to be measured is serially input to the positive input terminal of the next comparator 10.

In the first comparison round, the thresholds corresponding to the three comparators 10 may be set as an upper endpoint value (hereinafter referred to as V ₆₄) of the threshold section corresponding to the 64 th energy track address, an upper endpoint value (hereinafter referred to as V ₁₂₈) of the threshold section corresponding to the 128 th energy track address, and an upper endpoint value (hereinafter referred to as V ₁₉₂) of the threshold section corresponding to the 192 th energy track address, respectively. If the magnitude of the pulse under test passes V ₆₄ but does not pass V ₁₂₈, the arbiter may determine that the magnitude of the pulse under test is between V ₆₄～V₁₂₈, i.e., the energy of the pulse under test is between the 64 th energy address and the 128 th energy address. In the second comparison round, the arbiter 30 may quarter V ₆₄～V₁₂₈ and use V ₈₀、V₉₆、V₁₁₂ as three thresholds for three comparators in the second comparison round for further comparisons, and so on. After four-wheel comparison is completed, the energy channel address into which the pulse to be measured falls can be determined.

Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment of the present application, step S500, that is, the step of determining the energy address where the pulse to be measured falls according to each comparison result, includes:

Step S530, determining an amplitude interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be detected falls according to each comparison result;

step S540, determining the energy channel address where the pulse to be measured falls according to the corresponding relation between the amplitude interval and the energy channel address.

That is, after the comparison of the threshold value and the amplitude value of the pulse to be detected is completed according to the quartering method, the amplitude value of the pulse to be detected is determined to be positioned in an amplitude value interval according to the comparison result of each comparison round, and then the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the pre-formed amplitude value interval and the energy channel address.

When the threshold value is dynamically determined by adopting a dichotomy method, 8 times of comparison are needed to be carried out on each pulse to be detected, so that a 256-channel energy spectrum can be obtained, 8 times of time delay are needed to be carried out on the pulse to be detected in turn, and under the condition that the performances of an arbiter and a time delay unit are not ideal, the 8 times of time delay can greatly influence the working efficiency and the dead time of a system. Compared with the dichotomy mode, the method adopting the quartering mode has better working efficiency and structural flexibility, and the structure of the comparator chain (namely the number of comparators and the comparison level number of each comparison turn) can be adjusted according to different requirements of application scenes.

It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the above embodiments are sequentially shown as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily sequentially performed in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts described in the above embodiments may include a plurality of steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or stages.

Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present application also provides a pulse energy determination device for implementing the above-mentioned pulse energy determination method. The implementation of the solution provided by the pulse energy determination device is similar to the implementation described in the pulse energy determination method, so the specific limitations in the embodiments of one or more pulse energy determination devices provided below can be referred to the above limitations of the pulse energy determination method, and are not repeated here.

Referring to fig. 7, the pulse energy determining apparatus provided in this embodiment includes an acquisition module 100, a comparison module 300, and a determination module 500. Wherein:

an acquisition module 100 for acquiring a plurality of thresholds, each threshold corresponding to a different energy value of a different pulse;

the comparison module 300 is used for sequentially comparing the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with each threshold value;

The determining module 500 is configured to determine, according to each comparison result, an energy address where the pulse to be measured falls.

The pulse energy determining device provided by the embodiment sequentially compares the amplitude of the pulse to be detected with the thresholds corresponding to the energy values, and further determines the energy channel address where the pulse to be detected falls according to the comparison results, namely, the complex calculation process of fitting the pulse waveform and calculating the energy value through integration is bypassed, the energy spectrum information corresponding to the pulse to be detected can be determined through the result of comparing the pulse amplitude with the thresholds for multiple times, a hardware circuit is simplified, excessive hardware resources are not required to be occupied, and the power consumption of a chip is reduced.

In one embodiment of the present application, the acquisition module 100 is configured to include:

A first determining unit configured to determine each energy track address in the energy spectrum according to attribute information of the pulse to be measured;

In one embodiment of the application, the second determining unit is configured to determine a certain endpoint value (i.e. a representative value) of the amplitude intervals corresponding to all the energy addresses as each threshold value by a division method.

In one embodiment of the application, the second determining unit is configured to determine a certain endpoint value (i.e. a representative value) of the amplitude interval corresponding to the partial energy track address as each threshold value by a dichotomy, wherein each comparison round has a threshold value, and the threshold value of the i+1th comparison round is determined according to the comparison result of the i-th comparison round.

In one embodiment of the application, the second determining unit is further configured to:

In one embodiment of the present application, the comparison result output by each comparison round comprises binary numbers, and the determining module 500 is configured to combine the binary numbers according to the comparison order to generate a binary sequence, and determine the energy channel address where the pulse to be measured falls according to the corresponding relationship between the binary sequence and the energy channel address.

In one embodiment of the application, the second determining unit is configured to determine the end point value of the amplitude interval corresponding to the partial energy track address as each threshold value by a quartering method, wherein each comparison round has three threshold values, and the threshold value of the (i+1) th comparison round is determined according to the comparison result of the (i) th comparison round.

In one embodiment of the present application, the determining module 500 is configured to determine, according to each comparison result, an amplitude interval in which the amplitude of the pulse to be measured falls, and determine, according to the correspondence between the amplitude interval and the energy address, the energy address in which the pulse to be measured falls.

The respective modules in the pulse energy determination apparatus described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.

In one embodiment, an electronic device is provided that may include any of the components used to implement the pulse energy determination apparatus described in the previous embodiments of the present application. For example, the electronic device may be implemented in hardware, software programs, firmware, or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, an electronic device is provided, comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the pulse energy determination method embodiments described above when the computer program is executed.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application, where the electronic device may be a server, and an internal structure diagram of the electronic device may be as shown in fig. 8. The electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the electronic device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the electronic device includes a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The database of the electronic device is used for storing various data related to the pulse energy determination method. The network interface of the electronic device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a pulse energy determination method.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 8 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure associated with the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the electronic device to which the present inventive arrangements are applied, and that a particular electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

In one embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the pulse energy determination method embodiments described above.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described embodiments of the pulse energy determination method may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of embodiments of the pulse energy determination methods as described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, or the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), etc.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pulse energy determination method, characterized in that the pulse energy determination method comprises:

2. The pulse energy determination method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a plurality of thresholds comprises:

3. The pulse energy determination method of claim 2, wherein the representative value comprises any one of an endpoint value and a median value of an amplitude interval corresponding to each energy track address.

4. The pulse energy determination method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold value comprises:

5. The pulse energy determination method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold value comprises:

6. The pulse energy determination method of claim 5, wherein the determining the threshold value of the i+1th comparison round based on the comparison result of the i-th comparison round comprises:

7. The pulse energy determination method of any one of claims 5-6, wherein the comparison results output by each comparison round comprise binary numbers, and wherein the step of determining the energy address in which the pulse under test falls based on each comparison result comprises:

8. The pulse energy determination method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the representative value of the amplitude interval corresponding to at least part of the energy addresses as each threshold value comprises:

9. The pulse energy determination method of claim 8, wherein the determining the threshold value of the i+1 th comparison round based on the comparison result of the i-th comparison round comprises:

10. The pulse energy determination method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the energy address where the pulse under test falls according to each comparison result comprises:

11. A pulse energy determination apparatus, characterized in that the pulse energy determination apparatus comprises:

12. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 11, wherein the acquisition module is configured to include:

13. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 12, wherein the representative value comprises any one of an endpoint value and a median value of the amplitude interval corresponding to each energy track address.

14. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second determination unit is configured to:

15. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second determination unit is configured to:

16. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second determination unit is further configured to:

17. The pulse energy determination device of any one of claims 15-16, wherein the comparison result of each comparison round output comprises a binary number, the determination module configured to:

18. The pulse energy determination apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second determination unit is configured to:

19. The pulse energy determination device of claim 18, wherein the second determination unit is further configured to:

20. The pulse energy determination device of claim 12, wherein the determination module is configured to:

21. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises a pulse energy determination apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 20.

22. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the pulse energy determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

23. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pulse energy determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.