CN120009911A - Wide-area atmospheric wind field detection system and method based on forward scattering - Google Patents
Wide-area atmospheric wind field detection system and method based on forward scattering Download PDFInfo
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- CN120009911A CN120009911A CN202510495153.6A CN202510495153A CN120009911A CN 120009911 A CN120009911 A CN 120009911A CN 202510495153 A CN202510495153 A CN 202510495153A CN 120009911 A CN120009911 A CN 120009911A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The application relates to a wide-area atmospheric wind field detection system based on forward scattering, which comprises a foundation laser emission system, a space-based optical receiving system and an empty platform, wherein the foundation laser emission system comprises a laser and a scanning device, the laser and the scanning device are arranged on the ground, and the space-based optical receiving system comprises a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device which are arranged on the empty platform. The wide-area atmospheric wind field detection method based on forward scattering is provided for the system, and comprises the steps of transmitting laser in the air at a set angle after a scanning device detects an empty platform, generating forward scattering signals by the laser through the forward scattering effect of atmospheric particles, receiving the forward scattering signals at a specified angle by utilizing a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device, and generating wind field data according to the forward scattering signals. The empty load platform is only provided with the receiver, so that the load and power consumption requirements on the satellite platform can be reduced, and the limitation of the platform can be reduced when the laser is deployed on the ground. And the satellite receives the forward scattering signal, so that the atmospheric attenuation returned by the echo signal is avoided, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the detection precision are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of atmospheric wind field detection, in particular to a wide area atmospheric wind field detection system and method based on forward scattering.
Background
The atmospheric wind field is one of main parameters of the atmosphere, and observation of the atmospheric wind field is an important basis for developing weather forecast and long-term climate change forecast. Meanwhile, as the duty ratio of the domestic wind power installation rises year by year, the operation uncertainty of the power system is increased, and the requirements on the numerical forecasting aging and the accuracy of the wind field are also continuously improved.
In the prior art, the ground-based laser radar detection technology is mature and is most widely applied, and the ground-based laser radar detection technology mainly utilizes the backward scattering signals of the atmospheric particles as echo signal sources to detect the atmosphere. The laser transmitting end and the telescope receiving end of the system laser radar are positioned at the same position, and the laser is influenced by the atmosphere in the transmitting and back scattering processes to generate energy attenuation, so that the energy attenuation is serious when high-level atmosphere detection is performed, and the signal to noise ratio is reduced. In addition, the detection range of the foundation laser radar is limited, and if the atmosphere detection of the area is required, a large amount of networking is required for joint detection.
Referring to fig. 1, laser light emitted from the ground-based lidar is attenuated by the atmosphere on the transmission path (mainly from extinction of the atmospheric aerosol and air molecules) while a part of the laser light scattered by the atmospheric aerosol and air molecules returns along the original path, is attenuated again by the atmosphere on the transmission path, and is finally received by the lidar.
The ground-based lidar detection has the defects of coverage and measurement capability, and satellite advantages are realized in that the ground-based lidar detection can provide three-dimensional wind profile data with high resolution, high quality and near real time on a global scale. Satellite-borne lidar is one of the important means of performing global-scale atmospheric detection, but single satellite-borne lidar data cannot describe regional atmospheric conditions finely due to the limitations of the orbit and the mechanism of operation. By taking Aelus satellite-borne wind-measuring laser radar as an example, the system adopts a detection technical route of 150mJ pulse laser and a 1.5m large-caliber receiving simulation detection mechanism, thereby bringing the characteristics of large system volume, heavy weight, high cost and high risk. The orbit running period of the radar is 7 days, and the effective vertical profile is obtained by accumulating data with the resolution of 87km horizontally and 250m vertically, so that regional and fine atmospheric measurement data are not easy to obtain.
Referring to fig. 2, the laser emission position of the satellite-borne lidar is different from that of the ground-based lidar, the height of the detection target from the ground is z, and the satellite orbit height is 600km. The laser transmitting end and the telescope receiving end of the satellite-borne laser radar are carried on the satellite as in the detection of the ground-based laser radar, and the backscattering signals of the atmospheric particles are used as echo signal sources. Thus, the signal is attenuated by the influence of the atmosphere in both the laser emission and the scattering return, but the satellite-borne lidar is more advantageous for high-level atmosphere detection than the ground-based lidar.
Successful experience of Aelus satellite-borne wind lidar shows that the satellite-borne wind lidar has the capability of acquiring a large-scale wind field, but the current satellite-borne wind lidar is also limited by a satellite platform, such as Aelus satellite-borne wind lidar, a satellite is only provided with a payload of ALADIN, the total weight of the satellite exceeds 1 ton and still fails to reach the preset technical index, the signal-to-noise ratio is low due to back scattering, the space-time resolution is coarse, the space coverage density of a single satellite is low, and the satellite cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a wide-area atmospheric wind field detection system based on forward scattering, which comprises a foundation laser emission system, a space-based optical receiving system and a space-based optical receiving system, wherein the foundation laser emission system comprises a laser and a scanning device, the laser is arranged on the ground, the space-based optical receiving system comprises a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device, the receiving telescope and the optical receiver device are arranged on an idle platform, the scanning device detects laser emitted in the air at a set angle after the idle platform is detected, the laser generates forward scattering signals through the forward scattering effect of atmospheric particles, the receiving telescope and the optical receiver device are utilized to receive the forward scattering signals at a specified angle, and wind field data are generated according to the forward scattering signals.
In one embodiment, the forward scatter angle ranges from 1 ° to 20 °.
In one embodiment, the laser may emit laser light at 355nm and 1064nm wavelengths.
The application further provides a wide-area atmospheric wind field detection method based on forward scattering, which comprises the steps of emitting laser in the air at a set angle after an empty platform is detected by a scanning device, generating forward scattering signals by the forward scattering effect of atmospheric particles by the laser, receiving the forward scattering signals at a specified angle by utilizing a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device, preprocessing the forward scattering signals, extracting Doppler frequency shift frequency sequences of the preprocessed forward scattering signals, correcting the Doppler frequency shift frequency sequences according to the track speed and attitude parameters of the empty platform, carrying out atmospheric attenuation compensation processing on the corrected Doppler frequency shift frequency sequences by utilizing a radiation transmission model according to real-time weather parameters, and generating wind speed information according to the Doppler frequency shift frequency sequences after the atmospheric attenuation compensation processing.
In one embodiment, the laser can emit laser light with 355nm and 1064nm wavelengths, wherein 355nm wave band is used for Rayleigh scattering signals, inversion of middle and high-layer wind fields with more than 10km is performed, 1064nm wave band is used for meter scattering signals, inversion of middle and low-layer wind fields from boundary layer to low troposphere is performed.
In one embodiment, preprocessing the forward scatter signal includes generating a background noise filtered signal sequence by filtering background noise by setting an effective time window using a time gating techniqueThe specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, Is the original signal strength;、 Is the start and stop time of the valid signal.
In one embodiment, extracting the Doppler shift frequency sequence of the preprocessed forward scattering signal comprises measuring the light intensity values of the output signals of two channels of the frequency discriminator by utilizing a double-edge frequency discrimination technology, generating a light intensity ratio, and calculating the Doppler shift amount according to the light intensity ratio, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, 、Signal strength is received for two channels of the discriminator; Is a Doppler frequency shift rate sequence; is the ratio of two channels of signals; and G is a frequency shift proportionality coefficient and is determined by instrument calibration.
In one embodiment, the formula for correcting the Doppler shift frequency sequence based on the idle platform orbit velocity and attitude parameters is as follows:
Wherein, For the corrected Doppler shift frequency sequence; The laser is a laser wavelength, and alpha is an included angle between the motion speed vector of the idle platform and the laser propagation direction.
In one embodiment, the formula for performing the atmospheric attenuation compensation process on the corrected Doppler shift frequency sequence using the radiation transmission model according to the real-time weather parameters is as follows:
Wherein, The frequency shift sequence after the atmospheric attenuation compensation is adopted; is the atmospheric optical thickness, and L is the length of the signal transmission path between the laser emission and the idle platform reception.
In one embodiment, the method for generating wind speed information according to the Doppler frequency shift frequency sequence after the atmospheric attenuation compensation processing comprises the following steps of calculating radial wind speed according to Doppler effect, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, Radial wind speed is given in m/s; The included angle between the laser emitting direction and the receiving direction of the idle platform is set.
The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. The laser deployment ground can reduce the limitation of the platform, uses 355nm and 1064nm dual wavelengths to detect, and provides laser power and heavy frequency, thereby reducing the caliber and weight of the telescope carried by the satellite;
2. The forward scattering is in a certain angle range (1-20 degrees), the scattering intensity is 10-100 times of that of the backward scattering, the satellite receives forward scattering signals which are extinction in a single way, the atmospheric attenuation during return of echo signals is avoided, the signal-to-noise ratio and the detection precision are improved, and the requirements on a low telescope and a detector are reduced;
3. the satellite is only provided with the telescope and the detector, so that the cost and the technical risk can be effectively reduced, and the satellite cooperative networking observation can be conveniently realized;
4. The space-time resolution and coverage rate of the wind profile can be improved through small satellite networking observation, the observation precision is improved through collaborative observation inversion, and inversion of the three-dimensional wind field can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ground-based lidar detection system in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an on-board lidar detection system in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a forward scatter-based wide area atmospheric wind farm detection system in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a forward scatter-based wide area atmospheric wind farm detection method in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vertical profile of extinction coefficients of atmospheric aerosols and gas molecules in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of ground air detection and ground detection analog signals in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of ground air detection and satellite-borne detection analog signals in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
The relevant term explanation is given in this application:
Forward scattering, namely, the phenomenon that after the laser beam interacts with atmospheric particles, the included angle between the propagation direction of scattered light and the direction of incident light is smaller than 90 degrees.
The ATP system (capturing, aligning and tracking) is a control system for adjusting the laser emission direction in real time by a ground laser station through a photoelectric sensor and a servo mechanism to align with the field of view of the satellite.
A double-edge F-P etalon is a high-precision frequency discriminator, and the wind speed is inverted by measuring the frequency shift quantity of Rayleigh scattering signals.
And (3) multi-angle radial wind synthesis, namely a technology of observing the same area from different azimuth angles by utilizing a plurality of satellites and obtaining a three-dimensional wind field through vector synthesis.
And the space-earth integrated cooperative networking is that a ground laser station and a space-base satellite group cooperate to realize a system architecture for continuously detecting a wide area wind field.
The application provides a wide-area atmospheric wind field detection system based on forward scattering, which comprises a foundation laser emission system, a space-based optical receiving system and a space-based optical receiving system, wherein the foundation laser emission system comprises a laser and a scanning device, the laser is arranged on the ground, the space-based optical receiving system comprises a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device, the receiving telescope and the optical receiver device are arranged on an idle platform, the scanning device detects laser emitted in the air at a set angle after the idle platform is detected, the laser generates forward scattering signals through the forward scattering effect of atmospheric particles, the receiving telescope and the optical receiver device are utilized to receive the forward scattering signals at a specified angle, and wind field data are generated according to the forward scattering signals.
In one embodiment, the forward scatter angle ranges from 1 ° to 20 °.
In one embodiment, the laser may emit laser light at 355nm and 1064nm wavelengths.
In the present application, the empty load platform includes a satellite platform, an aircraft, and a stratospheric airship platform.
By taking a satellite platform as an example, a novel weather-earth integrated cooperative area wind field measurement system is established aiming at the characteristics of a small satellite platform, and the detection of an area wind field is realized by separating a light source from a receiving end and using ground-based transmitting laser and satellite carrying detection to receive forward scattering signals.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the lidar telescope and the subsequent unit are mounted on a satellite, and the satellite orbit height is 300km. The 355nm laser is deployed on the ground, and the laser direction is directed toward the satellite. Assume that the included angle between the laser and the satellite isThe height of the detection target object (atmospheric molecules and aerosol particles) from the ground is z, and the design of the whole system is as follows:
1. The satellite-borne detector is designed to measure middle-high-layer wind by utilizing 355nm wave band atmospheric Rayleigh scattering signals and middle-low-layer wind by utilizing 1064nm aerosol and thin cloud rice scattering signals, wherein 355nm atmospheric scattering signals are stronger, 1064nm wave band clear air scattering is weaker, and different wave bands are used for different detection objects, so that the signal to noise ratio is improved. Meanwhile, the satellite detector can be used as a passive detector for single-point detection of the cloud when not receiving scattering signals of ground active emission laser, and regional coverage is realized by satellite networking observation.
According to the requirements, a satellite can be simultaneously provided with a 2-band detector and 1 telescope, and can be provided with a single-band detector and a multi-angle telescope.
2. Ground station design the ground station is mainly composed of a laser emitting unit and an ATP (acquisition, alignment, tracking) unit. The laser emitting unit consists of laser, telescope, etc. and the pulse repetition frequency is set over 100hz to raise horizontal spatial resolution. When the satellite passes through, the ATP unit tracks the position of the passing satellite, and the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting unit is directed into the field of view of the satellite detector, so that the satellite detector can receive forward scattering signals of atmosphere, aerosol or thin cloud.
3. Networking detection design, wherein networking detection comprises ground station networking and satellite networking, laser beam pointing emitted by the ground is planned according to the positions of the ground stations and satellites, radial wind measurement of different azimuth pointing directions, different heights and different horizontal positions is realized by combining the position change of observation view fields of different satellites, and regional wind field inversion with high space-time resolution and high precision is realized by combining multi-satellite collaborative inversion and regional assimilation.
In the system, a light source part with the greatest weight requirement is placed on a ground station, a satellite is only provided with a receiver, the load and power consumption requirements on a satellite platform can be effectively reduced, the limitation of the platform can be reduced when the laser is deployed on the ground, 355nm and 1064nm dual wavelengths are used for detection, laser power and heavy frequency are provided, the caliber and weight of a telescope carried by the satellite can be reduced, the satellite receives forward scattering signals which are subjected to single-pass extinction, the signal-to-noise ratio and the detection precision are improved, the requirements on the telescope and the detector are reduced, in the scheme, the satellite is only provided with the telescope and the detector, the cost and the technical risk can be effectively reduced, the cooperative networking observation of the small satellite is facilitated, the space-time resolution and coverage rate of a wind profile can be improved through the networking observation of the small satellite, the cooperative observation inversion is utilized, the observation precision is improved, and the inversion of a three-dimensional wind field can be realized.
When the method is used for detecting the atmosphere of a certain area, the ground-air combined detection has the advantages which are not possessed by the two radar systems. Compared with the ground-based laser radar, the ground-air combined detection only needs to deploy lasers in the region to be detected through which satellites pass, and the space-time resolution of the region detection is higher than that of the satellite-borne laser radar.
Because the laser emission and the laser receiving are not at the same end, forward scattering signals of particles can be fully utilized, and according to a Lorentz-meter scattering model, the scattering intensity of forward scattering within a certain angle range (1-20 degrees) is 10-100 times of that of backward scattering. In addition, because the forward scattering signal is received, the atmospheric attenuation during the return of the echo signal is avoided, the ground-air combined detection has the advantage of receiving the signal intensity compared with the satellite-borne detection, and the load pressure can be effectively reduced by arranging the laser on the ground, so that the later system maintenance is facilitated.
Furthermore, the present application makes the relevant designs for optical systems and detectors as shown in tables 1 and 2 below:
table 1 optical system related designs
Table 2 detector correlation design
With respect to the above system, referring to fig. 4, the present application further provides a wide area atmospheric wind field detection method based on forward scattering, which includes:
s101, emitting laser to the air at a set angle after the scanning device detects an empty load platform, wherein the laser generates a forward scattering signal through the forward scattering effect of atmospheric particles;
s201, receiving forward scattering signals at a specified angle by utilizing a receiving telescope and an optical receiver device;
S301, preprocessing the forward scattering signal, and extracting Doppler frequency shift frequency sequence of the preprocessed forward scattering signal;
s401, correcting a Doppler frequency shift frequency sequence according to the track speed and the attitude parameters of the idle platform;
S501, performing atmospheric attenuation compensation processing on the corrected Doppler shift frequency sequence by utilizing a radiation transmission model according to real-time meteorological parameters;
s601, generating wind speed information according to the Doppler frequency shift frequency sequence after the atmospheric attenuation compensation processing.
The application calculates the wind speed through the frequency shift of the forward scattering signal based on the Doppler frequency shift principle, and eliminates the platform movement interference by combining satellite orbit speed correction. And a multi-angle radial wind synthesis technology (multi-satellite collaborative observation of different azimuth data) is adopted, and a three-dimensional wind field vector is inverted by combining an aerodynamic model.
During the laser emission process, the base station emits a high energy laser beam forming a beam suitable for forward scatter detection. The key parameters are as follows, laser source, high power Nd, YAG solid laser (355 nm/1064 nm), pulse energy >1J, pulse repetition frequency >30Hz, beam divergence angle <0.1mrad, and beam pointing tracking system (ATP), wherein the laser angle is adjusted in real time to align with the satellite detection window.
The satellite carries the telescope and the detector, and receives forward scattered light signals within a specified angle (0-30 DEG is adjustable, theoretically smaller intensity is stronger, but the actual light receiving machine condition is influenced, and the 5 DEG is optimal).
In one embodiment, the laser can emit laser light with 355nm and 1064nm wavelengths, wherein 355nm wave band is used for Rayleigh scattering signals, inversion of middle and high-layer wind fields with more than 10km is performed, 1064nm wave band is used for meter scattering signals, inversion of middle and low-layer wind fields from boundary layer to low troposphere is performed.
In one embodiment, preprocessing the forward scatter signal includes generating a background noise filtered signal sequence by filtering background noise by setting an effective time window using a time gating techniqueThe specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, Is the original signal strength;、 Is the start and stop time of the valid signal.
In one embodiment, extracting the Doppler shift frequency sequence of the preprocessed forward scattering signal comprises measuring the light intensity values of the output signals of two channels of the frequency discriminator by utilizing a double-edge frequency discrimination technology, generating a light intensity ratio, and calculating the Doppler shift amount according to the light intensity ratio, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, 、Signal strength is received for two channels of the discriminator; Is a Doppler frequency shift rate sequence; is the ratio of two channels of signals; and G is a frequency shift proportionality coefficient and is determined by instrument calibration.
In one embodiment, the formula for correcting the Doppler shift frequency sequence based on the idle platform orbit velocity and attitude parameters is as follows:
Wherein, For the corrected Doppler shift frequency sequence; The laser is a laser wavelength, and alpha is an included angle between the motion speed vector of the idle platform and the laser propagation direction.
In one embodiment, the formula for performing the atmospheric attenuation compensation process on the corrected Doppler shift frequency sequence using the radiation transmission model according to the real-time weather parameters is as follows:
Wherein, The frequency shift sequence after the atmospheric attenuation compensation is adopted; is the atmospheric optical thickness, and L is the length of the signal transmission path between the laser emission and the idle platform reception.
The radiation transmission model is MODTRAN and is used for determining attenuation coefficients.
In one embodiment, the low layer error is controlled to be less than or equal to 2m/s and the high layer error is controlled to be less than or equal to 5m/s.
In one embodiment, the method for generating wind speed information according to the Doppler frequency shift frequency sequence after the atmospheric attenuation compensation processing comprises the following steps of calculating radial wind speed according to Doppler effect, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, Radial wind speed is given in m/s; The included angle between the laser emitting direction and the receiving direction of the idle platform is set.
Referring to the systems shown in fig. 1-3, the present application gives a correlation simulation. Specifically, the expression of the backscattering coefficient of the gas molecules and the atmospheric aerosol particles used is calculated by simulation:
Wherein, 、The backscattering coefficients of air molecules and atmospheric aerosol particles, respectively; For detecting the wavelength of the object (atmosphere and aerosol particles), z is the height of the object (atmosphere and aerosol particles) from the ground, their extinction coefficient 、Can be obtained by multiplying the respective backscattering coefficients by the extinction backscattering ratio of 8/3 and 50 respectively for air molecules and atmospheric aerosol particles.
Referring to fig. 5, according to the above formula, the present application simulates the calculated vertical distribution profile of the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol and gas molecules in the height range of 0-100 km, and selects the laser wavelength as 355nm. From the graph, the extinction coefficient of the near-ground atmospheric aerosol is larger than that of gas molecules to a height of about 4km, the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol is always smaller than that of the gas molecules upwards, and secondly, the extinction coefficient of the gas molecules decays from 10 -2km-1 to less than 10 -3km-1 within a height range of 0-30 km, and the dynamic range is within 2 orders of magnitude. While the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol is reduced from 10 -1km-1 to 10 -5km-1 to more than 4 orders of magnitude. The extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol is obviously higher than that of the gas molecules along with the height, and the extinction coefficient of the gas molecules almost linearly decays along with the height, and the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol has a minimum value near the top of the troposphere, and the value of the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol tends to increase in the stratosphere.
The simulation parameters are input as shown in table 3, and the selection of the technical parameters is mainly based on four consideration, namely, the technical parameters of similar laser radars at home and abroad are used as references, the simulation calculation results obtained by different technical parameters are compared, the technical parameters are optimized, the mastered development technology of the laser radars is utilized, and the technical parameters of various common device products at the current stage on the market are used as references.
TABLE 3 simulation parameters
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, signal intensities of the different probe system radars under the same atmosphere condition and radar parameters are calculated from the above atmosphere mode and laser radar parameters, respectively. It can be seen from the figure that in the height range of 3 km-30 km, the ground detection echo photon number signal is reduced from 106km -1 to 102km -1, the dynamic range is 4 orders of magnitude, and when the included angle between the satellite and the laser is 5 DEG and 15 DEG, the ground-air combined detection echo photon number signal is reduced from 103km -1 to 101km -1, and the dynamic range is 2 orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, with the increase of the height, the numbers of echo photons detected by the two radar systems are closer. The magnitude of the simulated echo photons of the space-borne detection and the ground-air combined detection is equivalent, under the conditions of the existing atmospheric mode and radar parameters, the ground-air combined detection signal is stronger than the space-borne detection signal by one magnitude when the included angle between the satellite and the laser is 5 DEG and 15 DEG at the height of 0-7 km due to stronger front-end scattering of low-layer aerosol, and the space-borne detection signal is slightly stronger than the ground-air combined detection signal in the region with low aerosol content. In addition, as the detection angle is reduced, the stronger the forward scattering effect of aerosol particles, the stronger the echo signal of the region, and some distribution characteristics of the aerosol can be reflected.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
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