CN1299004A - Engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine, especially a large two-stroke diesel engine, which has at least one cylinder (1) and a piston (6) installed in the cylinder and capable of reciprocating movement along the working surface (13) of the cylinder (1), and the cylinder is equipped with multiple Lubricant outlets (17) which are preferably arranged on the side of the cylinder for lubricant, each lubricant outlet (17) is equipped with a common rail (14) which can be provided for at least one group of lubricant outlets (17). The discharge device (19) for the lubricant, which is in the common rail at a predetermined pressure, is provided with an operating device (20) which can be controlled by means of a controller (28), in order to achieve reliable operation in this engine. Lubricating and reducing lubricant consumption, keeping the capacity of each discharge device constant, and, in order to vary the amount of lubricant supplied to the working surface (13), the frequency of the discharge process of the discharge device (19) can be varied by means of a controller (28).

Description

Motor

The present invention relates to a kind of motor, especially a kind of two-stroke large diesel engine, it has at least one cylinder and one to be contained in can be along the cylinder bearing face pistons reciprocating in the cylinder, the a plurality of lubricant outlets that preferably are arranged in the cylinder side for oiling agent of cylinder arrangement, for each lubricant outlet sets a discharger that can supply oiling agent by a common rail (Common rail) at least one group of lubricant outlet setting, oiling agent is in the common rail with predetermined pressure, for discharger sets one can be by the Effector of controller control.

By the known such device of EP678152B1.In this known devices, discharger is designed to metering pump, and its capacity can be according to a corresponding signal change of controller.Here, metering pump is handled in each piston stroke in engine cycles.The amounts of lubrication of supplying with working surface can only change by changing the metering pump capacity.Because use metering pump, this known devices becomes the bigger structure of a kind of volume ratio.Therefore, have bigger spacing at metering pump and between the lubricant outlet of working surface side, thereby cause big system resilience, because this system resilience may really begin to produce error aspect lubricated or the actual amount of infeeding of oiling agent.In addition, in known devices, because greasing frequency height, thereby the amounts of lubrication that infeeds at each lubricant outlet of each engine cycles is inevitable smaller, and distribution on entire working surface brings adverse influence for oiling agent for this.

Therefore, the present invention is to take simple and economical measure to improve the motor of the described type of preface as the starting point purpose, guarantees when saving the oiling agent consumption lubricated reliably.

By the present invention is to reach the measure that this purpose takes to be, the capacity that makes each discharger is constant, and, in order to change the amounts of lubrication of supplying with working surface, can change the frequency of discharger discharge process by means of controller.

Here, the amounts of lubrication of the supplying with working surface FREQUENCY CONTROL by discharge process only.Therefore advantageously needn't change the capacity of discharger.This just can make discharger become simple and compact structure.Discharger just can be positioned at by favourable mode the lubricant outlet of respectively attaching troops to a unit near, this plays a part favourable for accessible degree of accuracy.Another advantage by measure of the present invention is, must implement a discharge process in each circulation of motor no longer forcibly, but can be chosen in the spacing between the discharge process in succession of front and back as required.Therefore, discharger can have bigger constant capacity, the bigger amounts of lubrication of delivery ratio in the discharge process that in fact each carry out, this helps obtaining the well distributed of oiling agent, and meanwhile can take place hardly because the error that certain system resilience causes.Although discharger has big capacity, because frequency adaptation thereby still guaranteed minimizing oiling agent consumption.Can accomplish that by measure of the present invention the discharge process frequency of the discharger that sets for different lubricant outlets can be different.Guarantee to take into account the local sae number that needs in working surface thus, in other words, otherwise for the big zone of oiling agent demand can adopt high discharge frequency or, thereby guarantee special consumption of saving oiling agent.

Design and appropriate further developing that main measure is favourable have been described in the dependent claims.For example, controller can have at least one inlet that is used for the signal relevant with load, and the frequency that can determine the discharger discharge process by this signal.This just provides lubricated especially reliably in an advantageous manner, because the demand of oiling agent and load have very confidential relation.

Appropriate is that controller also has an inlet at least, is used for the actual value of a parameter relevant with the amounts of lubrication that infeeds, and is preferably used for lubricant temperature, when this actual value departs from given rating value, correspondingly changes the frequency of discharge process.This measure provides the regulating loop of a sealing, and it guarantees to have extra high reliability.

Advantageously, controller can also have an inlet that is used for a signal relevant with engine cycles, and the frequency of discharger discharge process suitable phasic change in engine cycles.The discharge that guarantees oiling agent is thus implemented in the same position of piston all the time, thereby guarantees lubricated high efficiency.What conform with purpose is that the discharge of oiling agent is always being implemented when the piston ring group is passed through opened lubricant outlet during the up-stroke of piston.

Advantageously common rail is provided with and is used for all dischargers and/or attaches troops to a unit in their branch line of Effector.Only need to guarantee one thus by the continuous common rail of all cylinders, guarantee that consequently structure is simple especially.

Appropriate is that controller also can be provided with the outlet that is used for all Effectors.Guarantee that thus Effector or Effector group can control respectively, thereby can take local different lubrication needs into account,, accomplish to save especially the oiling agent consumption on the other hand so guarantee proper lubrication on the one hand.

Conform with purpose be for each Effector sets one can be by the switching element of controller control.Here it can relate to one and attaches troops to a unit and attach troops to a unit in the contact maker of circuit in the starter gate valve of flowing medium pipeline Electromagnetically activatable or one.This class component is more durable and the short reaction time is arranged, thereby plays a part favourable to Security and accuracy.

Because the capacity by discharger of the present invention is constant, so advantageously can also establish a public Effector in the discharger of one group of lubricant outlet for attaching troops to a unit.This just makes structure simple especially and compact, and also is convenient to especially and the controller wiring.

Design that other of main measure are favourable and appropriate further developing in remaining dependent claims, be illustrated and by following by means of accompanying drawing to also can further finding out in embodiment's the explanation.

In following accompanying drawing, represent:

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the two-stroke large diesel engine schematic representation that has by the lubricating fitting of the present invention and the Effector that can load by oiling agent;

But Fig. 2 has the remodeling of scheme shown in Figure 1 of the Effector of air-operated control;

Fig. 3 has the another kind of remodeling of scheme shown in Figure 1 of the Effector of Electromagnetically activatable;

Fig. 4 Effector and discharger have only the remodeling of the scheme shown in Figure 1 of an oiling agent joint; And

Fig. 5 has an embodiment's sectional drawing for the public Effector of a plurality of dischargers.

The main application of the present invention is a big-block engine, and pattern is as the two-stroke large diesel engine of ship power device etc. as shown in Figure 1.This class motor has a plurality of cylinders in a row 1, and they are contained on the motor body 2.Suction port 3 is arranged at cylinder 1 bottom.In this example, cylinder is provided with one and is arranged in the relief opening of being controlled by valve in the cylinder head 4.Cylinder 1 contains a firing chamber 5, but it with a to-and-fro motion the piston 6 that is installed in the cylinder 1 be the boundary.Piston is connected by the crosshead 8 of piston rod 7 with a parallel axes guiding, and crosshead is by connecting rod 9 and bent axle 10 cooperatings that are bearing in the motor body 2.Piston 6 is shaped on the piston ring groove 11 circumference one side ring shape, and a piston ring 12 wherein is installed respectively.The piston ring 12 that is arranged above and below constitutes a so-called piston ring group.

Working surface 13 is made in cylinder 1 inboard, and the circumferential surface of piston ring 12 is cooperating with it.For guaranteeing that working surface 13 and piston ring 12 have the long life-span, the appropriate oiling agent of working surface 13 usefulness lubricates.Set for this reason lubricating fitting comprises one along the continuous common rail 14 of all cylinders 1, and necessary oiling agent is in wherein under predetermined pressure.Set a pumping plant 15 for common rail 14 in addition, its suction side is connected with oiling agent case 16.Pumping plant 15 can have two pumps rightly, and each in them all plays so-called stand by pump (stand-by-Pumpe), and another substitutes immediately under the situation that first pump breaks down.

In addition, lubricating fitting has and is located at the lubricant outlet of representing with radial hole in this example in cylinder 1 zone 17.Around cylinder and along cylinder length, establish a plurality of lubricant outlets 17 respectively.In illustrated giving an example, establish two respectively having of being arranged above and below along the ring of the equally distributed a plurality of lubricant outlets 17 of cylinder circumference.They are positioned in the upper cylinder district by the preceding piston ring group process of having mentioned.

Lubricant outlet 17 is supplied the oiling agent that is provided by common rail 14 respectively by means of the lubricant supply device 18 that schematically illustrates with empty profile line in Fig. 1.Lubricant supply device 18 comprises discharger 19 and attaches troops to a unit in its Effector 20 in this example.

Here, discharger 19 is made of shaft-like discharge piston, it and a material storage tube co-operation of attaching troops to a unit, on the pressure side being connected with affiliated lubricant outlet 17 of material storage tube.In illustrated giving an example, schematically illustrate this connection with a pipeline in order to simplify view.But this discharger 19 can not have that intervalve is genuine to be contained on the relevant lubricant outlet 17 actually.For avoiding combustion gas to scurry into lubricant supply device 18, can in lubricant outlet 17 zones, establish one-way valve 21.They can be combined in respectively in the lubricant supply device 18, as schematically illustrating with profile line in this example.

Appropriate is to establish a discharger of attaching troops to a unit 19 for each lubricant outlet 17.This as Fig. 1 basis for example in, should be each discharger 19 and set an Effector 20.Here it is designed to cylinder piston unit, and wherein, the piston of Effector 20 can be connected with the piston of discharger 19, thereby forms an integrated type dual-piston structure.The piston diameter of Effector 20 is bigger than the piston diameter of discharger 19, therefore just can obtain big expulsion force with less working pressure.Can certainly be envisioned for a plurality of dischargers and set a public Effector.A kind of like this design describes in detail in conjunction with Fig. 5 below.

Common rail 14 is provided with some arms 22 of leading past each discharger 19.For each discharger 19 also thereby for each lubricant outlet 17 is joined an arm 22.These arms are arranged to, and when discharging the piston correcting action, the material storage tube of relevant discharger 19 is the filling oiling agent just, and oiling agent is in the common rail 14 with required pressure.In this example, respectively establish an one-way valve 23 in the end of arm 22 dischargers one side, they are adjusted into and can be overcome by the pressure that exists in common rail 14.One-way valve 23 guarantees will to separate between discharger 19 and the common rail 14 in discharge process.

The capacity of discharger 19 is constant, that is to say that above mentioned discharge piston initial position is unalterable.This represents by hard-wired backstop 24 in for example illustrated, above and the dual-piston structure mentioned lean against on the backstop at home position.The reseting movement of this dual-piston structure is realized by means of Returnning spring 25.

In order to implement discharge process, that is in order to discharge the amounts of lubrication that is included in discharger 19 material storage tubes, the discharge piston of discharger 19 moves in the relevant material storage tube of dischargers 19 by means of the Effector 20 of attaching troops to a unit.For this reason, the piston of the cylinder piston unit of formation Effector 20 is infeeding pressure medium back to a side of discharging piston.

For this reason, use the oiling agent that under the pressure of regulation, is in the common rail 14 in this example.In addition, common rail 14 also is provided with towards Effector 20 arm that with dashed lines schematically illustrates in Fig. 1 26.Because the piston diameter of Effector 20 is greater than relevant discharge piston, so although before dual-piston structure with after fluid pressure identically also still have enough expulsion forces.Respectively establish a starter gate valve 27 in arm 26, it can be handled by controller 28.Starter gate valve 27 can be a kind of guiding valve of Electromagnetically activatable, and it has the connection sheet of two switch blocks, that is opens or closes.

Certainly also can imagine with different, not adopt the oiling agent that is present in the common rail to drive Effector, but adopt other pressure mediums, for example hydraulic oil or pressurized air as the embodiment on Fig. 1 basis.But the such structure of Effector 20a with pneumatic drive is as the basis of Fig. 2.Represented source of compressed air 30 among Fig. 2, draw compressed air hose 26a therefrom, it leads to one attaches troops to a unit not have the pressure medium feeding mechanism 18a of the pressure medium of further expression outlet in figure, the latter's structure and dispose can be with as in the giving an example of Fig. 1 basis consistent.By this, compressed air hose 26a is by starter gate valve 27a guiding, and starter gate valve can be by means of the controller control in type shown in Fig. 1, as passing through shown in the signaling line 29a.Starter gate valve 27a still can relate to a kind of guiding valve of Electromagnetically activatable.

Fig. 3 represents that another kind has the scheme of electromagnetically actuatable Effector 20b.As the lubricant supply device 18b on the basis of Fig. 3, the same with those examples that illustrate previously, comprise discharger 19b and Effector 20b.The structure of discharger 19b is consistent with top those examples with the mode of action.Effector 20b replaces piston and is provided with an armature 31 that is connected with the discharge piston of discharger 19b, for it sets an electromagnetic coil 32.Armature 31 can be guided vertically movably, and this represents that with a cylinder blanket shell is centered on by coil 32 in illustrated giving an example.Coil 32 is connected with power supply 34 by circuit 33.Have one to be the switching element of contact maker 27b in circuit 33, it can be by the affiliated controller control of type shown in Figure 1, as represented with signaling line 29b in form.

Fig. 4 still represents to have the design of the lubricant supply device 18c that can drive by the oiling agent that is extracted by common rail 14c.It comprises the parts 35 that an one side and affiliated lubricant outlet 17 are connected and are connected discharger and Effector effect on the other hand with the supply tube 26c that tells from common rail 14c.Here, Effector 20c is designed to, and passing it can be to affiliated discharger 19c lubricant supply.Therefore it is just much of that only to tell a supply tube 26c from common rail 14c, establishes a starter gate valve 27c in supply tube, and it can be by the controller control of a type shown in Figure 1, as schematically illustrating with signaling line 29c.The effect here is after implementing a discharge process, to carry out the filling of discharger automatically in the Effector correcting action, so discharge process can take place one time immediately next time when handling starter gate valve 27c.

In illustrated giving an example, controller 28 is provided with the outlet 36 that is used for all lubricant supply devices of attaching troops to a unit 18 or its switching element 27.Each outlet 36 is connected by signaling line 29 with the switching element 27 of attaching troops to a unit.This just can transmit in the time of implementation data.But also it is contemplated that the sequential delivery by means of so-called data/address bus implementation data, data/address bus has the outlet for each lubricant supply device 18 or its switching element 27.Also can imagine a plurality of switching elements, for example, preferably can be each loop in this case and set a data egress bus for all switching elements that set with the lubricant supply device 18 that is provided with along cylinder circle distribution ground on the cylinder sustained height 27 form being connected of a loop.In case control this switching element 27 by the mode that is suitable for, just introduce discharge process one time.Because in any case the capacity of discharger all is constant, so infeed constant amounts of lubrication by the lubricant outlet 17 that relates at each discharge process working surface 13.However for the total amount that infeeds still can be adapted with specific requirement, controller 28 is designed to change the discharge frequency, that is changes the blanking time between the discharge process in succession of front and back.Appropriate is that the total amounts of lubrication that infeeds also thereby is discharged frequency according to the load adjustment that acts on the motor.But additionally taking particular job state into account, as reversing or braking, also should be favourable.

Therefore, controller 28 has at least one to be used for the signal relevant with load, for example acts on the inlet 37 of the moment of torsion on the bent axle 10.Moment of torsion detects by means of a suitable sensor 38, and sensor 38 is by relevant inlet 37 connections of signaling line 39 and controller 38.According to the signal relevant with load that exists at inlet 37 places, controller 28 can be determined amounts of lubrication that needs and the discharge frequency that draws thus by curve that is stored in its inside and form etc.In order to improve reliability, establish a feedback means.For this reason, controller 28 is provided with another inlet 40 that is used for the signal relevant with the amounts of lubrication that infeeds.Can relate to a signal here corresponding to lubricant temperature.Establish a sensor 41 that is suitable for, it is by relevant inlet 40 connections of signaling line 42 and controller 28 for this reason.The lubricant temperature actual value that records is made comparisons with the rating value or the rating value scope that are stored in the controller 28.Under the situation that has deviation, controller 28 changes by essential direction discharges frequency, reaches until lubricant temperature till the rating value of expectation.

Discharge frequency and in engine cycles, change by controller 28, that is in each stroke of piston 6 suitable phasic change.Therefore controller 28 also is provided with an inlet 43, be used for one with the relevant signal of motor shield ring, for example stroke of bent axle 10 rotating speeds or piston 6 and crosshead 8.In example as Fig. 1 basis, to establish one and attach troops to a unit for obtaining such signal in the sensor 44 of crosshead 8, it is by relevant inlet 43 connections of signaling line 45 and controller 28.Accessible in this way controller 28 synchronously, even be not the discharge of implementing an oiling agent at each stroke of piston 6, can guarantee that also discharge process occurs in the position that piston 6 requires all the time.Appropriate is to control in such a way,, implements the discharge of oiling agent when piston ring group during piston 6 up strokes is passed through the lubricant outlet 17 that relates to that is.

By controller 28 given discharge frequencies can be identical to all pressure medium outlets 17.But also it is contemplated that different frequencies.Usually appropriate is in the discharge that is lubricated agent along lubricant outlet 17 places that are provided with simultaneously, to that is to say to have same discharge frequency this moment with distributing on the piston circumference equal height.For the lubricant outlet that staggers each other vertically, then can adopt different discharge frequencies.For example be positioned at the lubricant outlet 17 of first piston ring 12 belows, piston 6 upper dead center zones substantially, under normal load state, can when per second piston stroke, add oiling agent.This equally also is applicable to the lubricant outlet 17 that is positioned at last piston ring below.Lubricant outlet between them can number of times less, for example just when per the 3rd stroke of piston 6, infeed oiling agent.

Controller 28 can have a master controller and a submaster controller rightly, is just substituted by submaster controller in case master controller breaks down.What conform with purpose is that the submaster controller of advocating peace is designed to computer, and its reaction time is short.In order to programme and/or in order to apply artificial influence to control procedure, controller can set a further communications equipment that comprises display device and keyboard of expression not here.Advantageously, controller 28 can also have an outlet that sets for the warning device that not have expression among the figure, so cross the highland increase when deform dangerous arranged when for example lubricant temperature, can give the alarm or makes engine cut-off.

As Fig. 1 to 4 basis for example in, for each discharger sets oneself a Effector.But also can be envisioned for one group of discharger having mentioned,, set a public Effector for example for all to be arranged in the discharger that the lubricant outlet 17 on the same height is attached troops to a unit as top.Fig. 5 has represented the configuration of this mode.

The lubricant supply device 46 that Fig. 5 represents comprises a member 47, it is shaped on the suitable hole 48 of quantity of the lubricant outlet of further not representing among some its quantity and the figure of attaching troops to a unit respectively, and they are connected with the lubricant outlet of attaching troops to a unit separately by a pipeline 50 that is provided with one-way valve 49 respectively.In order to constitute discharger, for each hole 48 sets a shaft-like discharge piston 51.Member 47 is contained in the cylinder blanket 52, and the interior alveolus 53 adjacent with member 47 in the shell do not have the further arm 54 of the common rail of expression by one from figure, can infeed the oiling agent that is in common rail under the authorized pressure.

Member 47 is shaped on annular groove 55, and intersect in it and hole 48.So in the zone in each hole 48, forming a slit entrance 56, oiling agent can be from interior alveolus 53 in the hole 48 that this seam inflow member 47 is correlated with.Hole 48 and relevant discharge piston 51 are arranged on the standard pitch circle with the axis coaxle of member 47 rightly.

Discharge piston 51 in its rear end and public push pedal 57 mating reactions back to member 47, push pedal can be moved by the power that a propelling movement piston 59 that is contained in shell 52 associated orifices 58 overcomes Returnning spring 60, discharges in the piston 51 immigration associated orifices 48 thereby make.Push pedal 57 is designed to from pushing the flange plate of the piston rod 61 that piston 59 stretches out, piston rod 61 by its front end one with coaxial member 47 center holes 62 in hole 58 in guide.Returnning spring 60 1 end bearings are on member 47, and the other end is bearing in piston rod 61, and another is arranged in the flange plate back that constitutes push pedal 57 and extends radially on the flange plate 63 of this push pedal.

Pushing piston 59 can pass by means of the pressure medium that can introduce in the associated orifices 58.In illustrated giving an example, still adopt the oiling agent that in common rail, is under the authorized pressure as pressure medium.Establish a supply tube 64 of telling from common rail, it is communicated with the hole 58 of attaching troops to a unit in propelling movement piston 59 by a stream that is made of hole system for this reason.First guiding valve 65 is arranged in this stream.It can move to the position that its discharges relevant stream by means of the power that pressure medium overcomes Returnning spring.As the same oiling agent that provides by common rail that adopts of pressure medium.For this reason, if it is one 53 that tell, by hole system stream 66 that constitute, that lead to guiding valve 65 from the shell inner cavity district that can infeed oiling agent, it is subjected to 67 controls of second guiding valve, and second guiding valve 67 is designed to the starter gate valve of Electromagnetically activatable, and can control by the controller with the 28 the sort of types that indicate in Fig. 1.Cause damage for fear of the extruding that causes in pushing piston 59 discharge processes, the inner chamber of shell 52 is communicated with common rail by feedback pipe 68.

Though describe some embodiments of the present invention above in detail, should therefore not be restricted.Exactly, for the expert provides a series of possibilities, be adapted to various concrete situations around basic ideas by the present invention program.

Claims (17)

1. The engine, especially a two-stroke large diesel engine, has at least one cylinder (1) and a piston (6) that is housed in the cylinder and can reciprocate along the working surface (13) of the cylinder (1), and multiple cylinders are preferably arranged on the side of the cylinder Lubricant outlets (17) for lubricant, each lubricant outlet (17) is assigned a discharge device ( 19; 48, 51), the lubricant is in the common rail with a predetermined pressure, and a control device (20; 57-59) that can be controlled by a controller (28) is provided for the discharge device, and it is characterized in that: each discharge The capacity of the device (19, 48, 51) is constant; and, in order to vary the amount of lubricant supplied to the working surface (13), the frequency of the discharge process of the discharge device (19; 48, 51) can be varied by means of the controller (28) . 2. According to the described engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: controller (28) has at least one inlet (37) for the signal relevant to load, determines the discharge process of discharge device (19; 48, 51) by means of this signal frequency. 3. The engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (28) has at least one inlet (40) for an actual value of a parameter related to the amount of lubricant supplied, preferably for lubrication When this actual value deviates from a given nominal value, the frequency of the discharge process of the discharge device (19; 48, 51) is changed accordingly. 4. According to the described engine of one of the preceding claims, it is characterized in that: the controller (28) has at least one inlet (43) for a signal relevant to the engine cycle, and the discharge device (19; 48, 51) The frequency of the venting process is varied at appropriate stages in the engine cycle. 5. According to the engine described in one of the preceding claims, it is characterized in that: the discharge device (19; 48, 51) is always activated in such a way that during the upstroke of the piston (6) always when the piston ring set passes Lubricant discharge is carried out at the lubricant outlet (17). 6. According to the described engine of one of the preceding claims, it is characterized in that: the discharge devices (19; 48, 51) of the lubricant outlets (17) arranged mutually staggered along the axis of the cylinder can be manipulated with different frequencies. 7. The engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the common rail (14) is provided with branch lines (22) for all discharge devices (19; 48, 51) and/or handling devices (20; 57-59) or 26). 8. Engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (28) is provided with outlets for all operating devices (20; 57-59). 9. According to one of the preceding claims, the engine is characterized in that a discharge device (48, 51) associated with a group of cylinders (1) lubricant outlets (17) preferably arranged on the same horizontal plane is provided with a Common manipulation means (57, 58, 59). 10. The engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each operating device (20; 57-59) is assigned a switching element (27; 67) which can be controlled by means of a controller (28). 11. The engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the operating device (20; 57-59) is designed as a cylinder-piston unit, which can be operated by means of a pressure medium, which can be controlled by means of a controller (28). The switching element (27; 67) is turned on and off. 12. The engine according to claim 11, characterized in that the piston of the actuating device (20; 57-59) has a larger diameter than the piston of the associated one or more discharge devices (19; 48, 51). 13. Engine according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the actuating device (19; 57-59) can be acted upon by means of a hydraulic fluid, preferably lubricant drawn from the common rail (14). 14. The engine according to claim 13, characterized in that for the discharge device (19c) and its associated actuating device (20c) there is a common valve (27c) which can be controlled by means of a controller (28) Supply pipe (26c), which branches off from the common rail (14c). 15. Engine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the actuating device (20a) can be acted upon by means of compressed gas, preferably compressed air. 16. According to the engine described in one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, it is characterized in that: the operating device (20b) has an armature (31), for which it is equipped with a coil (32) that can supply current, and in the coil (32 ) is provided with an interrupter (27c) that can be controlled by a controller (28) in the power supply device. 17. According to the engine described in one of the preceding claims, it is characterized in that: a non-return valve (21) is arranged downstream of the discharge device (20), and it forms a structural unit with the discharge device (20).

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