CN1294817C - Application of rhizoma anemarrhenae extract as bactericide and bactericide containing rhizoma anemarrhenae extract - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the application of anemarrhena extract as a fungicide and the fungicide containing it. The anemarrhena extract mainly contains at least one of the following anemarrhena extract compounds: mangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin, smilagenin and anemarrhena total polysaccharides. Anemarrhena extract and the agricultural fungicide contained in it have good control effects on various crop diseases, and are friendly to the environment, with the characteristics of low residue, high control effect, and wide bactericidal spectrum.

Description

Application of Anemarrhena extract as a fungicide and a fungicide containing anemarrhena extract

【Technical field】

The invention relates to the application of the anemarrhena extract as an agricultural fungicide, and to the agricultural fungicide containing the anemarrhena extract as an active ingredient.

【Background technique】

Due to the huge loss of crop yield due to pests and diseases of crops, it is necessary to apply a large amount of pesticides every year for pest control to recover the loss of crop yield. In recent years, pests and diseases have become more and more harmful to crops, and due to the abuse of pesticides, crop pathogens have become more and more resistant to pesticides, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of pest control year by year. cause a certain degree of pollution. Therefore, there is still a need for pesticide varieties with better pathogen control effects.

It has always been the pursuit of researchers to apply plant extracts that can effectively control the growth of plant pathogens to agricultural disease control, or mix them with other fungicidal compounds to minimize pesticide residues and provide safer and more effective agrochemical products , but the existing fungicides are not satisfactory in terms of bactericidal activity and residue.

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is a plant of the genus Anemarrhena of Liliaceae, a perennial herb mainly produced in Hebei. The rhizome runs horizontally, slightly oblate, with yellow-brown leaf base fibers remaining on the upper side, and many fibrous roots growing on the lower side. Ye Jisheng, linear, slightly hard, 20-70cm long, 3-6mm wide. The flower stem is 40-60cm high, scattered with scale-like bracteoles, and the upper part is gradually smaller; the racemes are 20-40cm long, and 2-6 flowers are in clusters, scattered on the inflorescence axis, and each cluster of flowers has 1 bract; Tepals 6, yellow or purple, with 3-5 veins; stamens 3, opposite to inner perianth segments; ovary superior, 3-loculed. Capsule oblong, with six longitudinal ribs. Seeds black, triangular, pointed at both ends. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from August to September. Anemarrhena likes a mild and humid climate, has strong adaptability, and is hardy to cold. It is better to plant in fertile, loose and well-drained loam.

Anemarrhena rhizome is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly used to treat exogenous high fever, lung heat and dry cough, yin deficiency and bone steaming hot flashes, nocturnal emission and night sweats, yin deficiency and thirst. Its decoction has inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria such as typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, escherichia coli, proteus, cholerae bacillus and staphylococcus. It has different degrees of inhibitory effects on 10 kinds of dermatophytes such as Trichophyton violae. Existing documents disclose the extraction of Anemarrhena and the use of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, CN1370537 discloses the new medical application of total steroidal saponins in the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhena and its preparation method; Uses, CN1434053 discloses Anemarrhena extract and its preparation method and application. The above-mentioned documents disclose the application of Anemarrhena extract in medicine, and Anemarrhena's inhibitory effect on phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and the inhibitory effect on phytopathogenic viruses. Studies on antiviral effects have not been reported yet.

The present inventor screened a series of extracted compounds that can be used for agricultural disease prevention and control from a large number of plants, and found that Anemarrhena anemarrhena extract has good agricultural disease control effect, and confirmed it through a large number of efficacy tests. The results confirmed that the fungicide of the present invention has a good control effect on many crop diseases, is environmentally friendly, has the characteristics of low residue, high control efficiency, and wide bactericidal spectrum, so the present invention has been completed.

【Content of invention】

Technical problem solved

The purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of Anemarrhena extract as an agricultural fungicide.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural fungicide containing an anemarrhena extract compound as an active ingredient, which has a broad bactericidal spectrum and excellent synergistic control effect.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the fungicide in preventing and controlling crop diseases.

Technical solutions

The invention provides the application of anemarrhena extract as an agricultural fungicide to prevent and control crop diseases.

In the present invention, the anemarrhena extract is one or more compounds selected from mangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin, smilagenin or anemarrhena total polysaccharides. For the specific structure of the compound extracted from Anemarrhena, see, for example, "Chinese Medicinal Materials Science" (Edited by Xu Guojun, China Medical Science and Technology Press, 1996, pp. 614-618). Preference is given to, for example, mangiferin. Anemarrhena extract can be a mixture of the above-mentioned extraction compounds, or its monomer. Usually they can be purchased from the market, for example, mangiferin monomer, isomangiferin monomer, timosaponin monomer, smilagenin monomer or zhimu total polysaccharide monomer can be obtained from DELTA (Gelta) natural Purchased from the Organic Compounds Information Center.

In addition, the Zhimu extract can also be directly extracted from Zhimu by using extraction methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, the dried rhizomes, leaves and seeds of Zhimu are crushed and sieved; extracted with water or ethanol under reflux conditions; mother extract.

Anemarrhena extract can be used to prevent and control a variety of crop diseases, for example, it can prevent and control crop diseases caused by the following pathogens: potato infestation, tomato infestation, tomato leaf mold, cotton Verticillium dahliae, wheat root rot, wheat red Mildew, Pseudomonas maize, Apple ringworm, Botrytis cinerea, Cucumber powdery mildew and Cucumber downy mildew. Preference is given to controlling crop diseases caused by the following pathogens: Potato infestans, Tomato infestans, Tomato cinerea, Tomato leaf mold, Cotton Verticillium wilt, Wheat root rot, Tritice scab and Apple ringworm.

The present invention also provides a synergistic agricultural fungicide, which contains anemarrhena extract as an active ingredient, and the content of the anemarrhena extract is 0.01-90% by weight, preferably 0.1-60% by weight, more preferably is 1-30% by weight.

In the composition of the present invention, the Anemarrhena extract mainly contains one or more compounds selected from mangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin, smilagenin, and anemarrhena total polysaccharides. Preferred are, for example, mangiferin and anemarrhena polysaccharides. Anemarrhena extract can be a mixture of the above-mentioned extraction compounds, or its monomer.

Anemarrhena extract and the agricultural bactericide containing Anemarrhena extract of the present invention can be converted into conventional preparations, such as emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, granule, soluble powder, water dispersible granule, oil suspension, water suspension, water emulsion, Microemulsions, emulsions, powders, coarse powders, effervescents, ointments and water surface floating formulations. Preference is given to using emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, oily or aqueous suspensions.

Wherein, each component weight percentage of emulsifiable concentrate is preferably:

Anemarrhena extract 0.1-60%

Emulsifier 1-30%

Dispersant 0.1-20%

Solvent 1-60%

The weight percent of each component of wettable powder is preferably:

Anemarrhena extract 0.1-40%

Wetting agent 1-10%

Dispersant 1-5%

Filler 10-90%

The weight percent of each component of oil suspension concentrate is preferably:

Anemarrhena extract 0.1-40%

Surfactant 1-80%

Solvent 1-30%

Emulsifier 1-30%

The weight percent of each component of the water suspension is preferably:

Anemarrhena extract 0.1-40%

Solvent 1-50%

Water 30-50%

Dispersant 1-10%

These preparations can be prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compound with solvents and/or carriers, if necessary, using emulsifiers and dispersants for filling, and when water is used as diluent, it can also be used simultaneously with other organic compounds. Solvent as co-solvent.

Among them, the solvent can be aromatic compounds (such as xylene), chlorinated aromatic compounds (such as chlorobenzene), paraffins (such as petroleum fractions), alcohols (such as methanol, butanol), ketones (such as cyclohexanone ), amines (e.g. ethanolamine, dimethylformamide) and water; carriers can be ground natural minerals (e.g. kaolin, alumina, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic minerals (e.g. highly dispersed silicon acid, silicate); emulsifier can be non-ionic and anionic emulsifier (such as polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, alkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate); dispersant can be lignosulfite waste liquor or Methylcellulose.

Suitable surfactants may be alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids (such as ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid) and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates and alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated salts of cetyl-, heptadecan- and stearyl alcohols and fatty alcohol ethers, sulfonated naphthalene and Condensation products of its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenols, Alkylphenol or tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohols, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene- or Polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, laureth polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitan ester, lignosulfite waste liquor or methylcellulose.

Dusts, dusting powders, effervescents, solid surface floaters can be produced by mixing or grinding the active substance with a solid carrier.

Granules can be prepared by binding the active compound to solid carriers (eg coated, impregnated or homogeneous granules).

Among them, the solid carrier can be ore soil such as silica gel, silicic acid, silicate, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, red basalt, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, oxide Magnesium; ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea and plant products such as flour, bark powder, wood flour and nut shell powder, cellulose powder and other solid carriers. The active compound concentration in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges.

The above-mentioned various application forms mainly depend on the specific use mode and use conditions; in any case, it is necessary to ensure that they are as dispersed as possible, and the dispersed particles are fine and uniform.

Aqueous application forms can be prepared by adding water, for example from emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions, pastes, wettable powders, effervescents or water-dispersible granules. When preparing emulsions, ointments, oil dispersions or liquid water surface floaters, substances are homogenized in water or dissolved in oils or solvents by adding wetting agents, binders, dispersants or emulsifiers. Furthermore, it is also possible to prepare concentrates consisting of active substance, wetting agent, binder, dispersant or emulsifier and possibly solvent or oil, which concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.

Generally, the agricultural fungicide may contain 0.01 to 90% by weight of the active ingredient of the Anemarrhena extract, and usually preferably contains 0.1 to 60% by weight of the active ingredient of the Anemarrhena extract depending on the type of preparation.

The dosage of the composition of the present invention is generally 50-5000g a.i./ha, preferably 400-2000g a.i./ha, depending on different crops, application time, climatic conditions and other factors. Foliar application is generally employed, eg, foliar spray treatment. Other treatments such as seed dressing, root irrigation, etc. can also be done. In this case, the application dosage can be adjusted according to the needs. For example, in soil treatment and control, the application dosage is in the range of 1000-2500g a.i./ha.

The fungicidal composition of the present invention can be used to control various crop diseases, such as potato late blight, tomato late blight, tomato gray mold, tomato leaf mold, cotton Verticillium wilt, wheat root rot, wheat scab and apple ring sick. Especially for the control of potato late blight is particularly significant.

Beneficial effect

Bactericide of the present invention has following advantage compared with prior art:

1. Non-toxic, no residue, safe for non-target organisms. The product of the invention is a pollution-free pesticide.

2. Wide bactericidal spectrum, effective against potato late blight, tomato late blight, tomato leaf mold, cotton verticillium wilt, wheat root rot, wheat head blight, corn leaf spot, apple ring spot, tomato gray mold, Cucumber powdery mildew and cucumber downy mildew have good control effect, and the control effect reaches more than 50%.

3. Safe for the environment. The active substances in Anemarrhena fungicides are derived from nature. During the long-term evolution, they have formed their inherent metabolic pathways involved in energy and material circulation. When applied to plants or the environment, they will not cause residues or bioaccumulation.

4. The mechanism of action of the product of the present invention on pathogenic bacteria is different from that of conventional pesticides, and it is not easy to cause drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and can also delay the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional pesticides.

【Description of drawings】

Figure 1 is a graph showing the inhibitory effect of Anemarrhena extract on the mycelial growth of P. infestans.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the inhibitory effect of Anemarrhena extract on zoospore germination of P. infestans.

[Specific examples]

The invention is illustrated by the following examples without limiting the invention.

The mangiferin monomers, isomangiferin monomers, timosaponin monomers, smilagenin monomers and anemarrhena total polysaccharide monomers used in the following examples are all obtained from DELTA (Gelta) Natural Organic Compounds Information Center purchased.

Formulation example

Formulation Example 1: 2% emulsifiable concentrate

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Mangiferin 2

Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate 10

Azone 5

Chloroform 83

Weigh mangiferin and dissolve it in the solvent chloroform, then add fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (produced by Dezhou Aifa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and azone (produced by Hubei Nanxing Chemical General Factory), and stir evenly to obtain the described 2% EC.

Formulation example 2: 30% emulsifiable concentrate

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Mangiferin 15

Isomangiferin 15

Agricultural Milk 2201 10

YZ-901 15

Xylene 45

Weigh mangiferin and isomangiferin and dissolve them in xylene, then add Nongru 2201 (produced by Deshi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and YZ-901 (produced by Guangdong Nongyou Fine Chemical Factory), and stir evenly to obtain the described of 30% EC.

Formulation Example 3: 60% emulsifiable concentrate

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Mangiferin 20

Isomangiferin 10

Timosaponin 10

Smilax saponin 10

Anemarrhena total polysaccharides 10

Agricultural Milk 2201 10

Penetrant T 5

Methanol 25

Weigh mangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin, smilagenin and timosaponin and dissolve them in methanol, then add Nongru 2201 (produced by Deshi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and penetrant T (Anyang Shuanghuan Auxiliary Co., Ltd. production), stir well, promptly make described 60% emulsifiable concentrate.

Formulation Example 4: 10% WP

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Timosaponin 3

Smilax saponin 7

Silica 5

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 5

Light calcium carbonate 80

First light calcium carbonate is pre-crushed, and then it is mixed with the above-mentioned timosaponin, smilagenin, white carbon black (produced by Shanghai Yimeng Chemical Co., Ltd.) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Shanghai Shengzhong Chemical Co., Ltd. Production) fully mixed, and then processed by airflow pulverization to obtain the 10% wettable powder.

Formulation example 5: 20% oil suspension concentrate

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Mangiferin 10

Timosaponin 5

Anemarrhena polysaccharides 5

Dimethyl phthalate 20

Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate 10

Mineral Oil 50

Weigh mangiferin, timosaponin and zhimo total polysaccharides, add mineral oil, dimethyl phthalate (produced by Shijiazhuang Bailong Chemical Co., Ltd.) and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (Dezhou Aifa Chemical Co., Ltd. Company production), through ball milling, sand milling, promptly makes described 20% oil suspoemulsion.

Formulation Example 6: 40% aqueous suspension

Raw material Amount (parts by weight)

Isomangiferin 30

Anemarrhena total polysaccharides 10

Ethylene glycol 10

Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate 10

water 40

Weigh isomangiferin and Anemarrhena total polysaccharides, add water, ethylene glycol and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (produced by Dezhou Aifa Chemical Co., Ltd.), and process through ball milling and sand milling to obtain the 40 % aqueous suspoemulsion.

biological example

Biological Example 1: Determination of Inhibitory Activity of Anemarrhena Extract to Potato Infestation Bacteria

In this experiment, the inhibitory activity of Anemarrhena extract on potato infestans was tested under in vitro conditions. The experimental methods and experimental results are as follows:

1. The strains tested: Phytophthora infestans.

2. Test method: The above-mentioned Anemarrhena extract was tested for its inhibitory activity against P. infestans by the growth rate method and the zoospore germination method.

Mycelial growth inhibition rate=(blank control colony diameter-treatment colony diameter)/blank control colony diameter×100%

Inhibition rate of zoospore germination=(control zoospore germination rate-treatment zoospore germination rate)/control zoospore germination rate×100%

3. Test results

The inhibitory effect of Anemarrhena extract on the mycelium growth of P. infestans infestans is shown in accompanying drawing 1, and the inhibition equation y=2.4981x-3.1944 of Anemarrhena extract to the mycelia growth of P. infestans is obtained by calculating according to this equation to obtain the extraction of Anemarrhena anemarrhena The inhibitory concentration (EC50) of the substance to the mycelial growth of P. infestans was 1.9g/L.

The inhibitory effect of Zhimu extract on the germination of zoospores of potato infestans is shown in Figure 2. According to the inhibition curve equation y=1.9533x-0.9039 of the extract to zoospore germination, the inhibition concentration EC50 value is 1.05g/ L.

The test results showed that the extract of Anemarrhena anemarrhena had a good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of P. infestans and the germination of zoospores of P. infestans.

Biological Example 2: Field control test of fungicide of the present invention to potato late blight

Adopt the method stipulated in the pesticide field test guideline (Chief editor of Bioassay Office of Institute of Drug Control, Ministry of Agriculture, published by China Standard Publishing House, 2000), the field efficacy of Anemarrhena fungicide emulsifiable concentrate, oil suspension concentrate and water suspension concentrate has been tested , the dilution concentration is 600 times and 800 times, the test results are shown in Table 1

Table 1 Field control effect of Anemarrhena fungicide on potato late blight dosage form Anti-efficacy% 600 times 800 times Cream 90.5 78.2 oil suspension 89.3 68.6 water suspending agent 87.5 66.1

Cream: Contains 60% active ingredients

Oil suspension: 20% active ingredient

Water suspension: 40% active ingredient

The field test results in Table 1 show that different formulations of Anemarrhena fungicides have better control effects on potato infestation bacteria, and the treatment with a dilution of 600 times has a control effect of more than 85%.

Biological Example 3: Inhibitory Effect Test of Anemarrhena Extract on Mycelia Growth of Various Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Test method: adopt the well-known and public experimental method "growth rate method" in the art to test the effect of Anemarrhena anemarrhena extract on Botrytis cinerea, tomato leaf mold, cotton Verticillium dahliae, wheat root rot, wheat scab and apple spinach. Indoor bacteriostasis of Rhizoctonia spp. The specific method is: dilute the extract with melted PDA medium to 5 concentrations of 50×, 100×, 200×, 400× and 800×, pour the drug-containing medium into a 9.0cm plate, and wait for the medium to cool After solidification, put the pathogenic bacteria plate (diameter 0.6cm) in the center of the plate, culture it at a suitable temperature (20-25°C) for 5-8 days, measure the diameter of the colony, calculate the inhibition rate and draw the LD-P line.

Table 2 The inhibitory effect test of Anemarrhena extract on the mycelium growth of various different plant pathogenic fungi Tested bacteria LD-P line EC50 value decisive factor (Y＝) (g/L) R ² Botrytis cinerea 1.5746x-0.7164 4.2696 0.9872 Tomato leaf mold 1.7141x-1.9935 12.0222 0.9908 Verticillium dahliae 1.5281x-0.7173 5.5137 0.9681 Wheat root rot 1.2291x+0.1735 8.4500 0.9922 Fusarium tritici 1.6543x-1.3283 6.6890 0.9865 Apple ringworm 1.6045x-1.224 7.5699 0.9947

The test results show that Anemarrhena extract has good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of many different plant pathogenic fungi.

Biological Example 4:

Carried out a field comparative test with the bactericide Kocide WP widely used in the world for organic agriculture, the test method is the same as biological example 2, and the test results are as follows:

Table 3 Field control effect of Anemarrhena fungicide on potato late blight Anemarrhena fungicide control effect% Kocide WP dosage form 600 times 800 times 1000 times Cream 90.5 78.2 92.0% oil suspension 89.3 68.6 85.0% water suspending agent 87.5 66.1 90.9%

Cream: Contains 60% active ingredients

Oil suspension: 20% active ingredient

Water suspension: 40% active ingredient

The test results show that the fungicide of the present invention has better control effect than the existing fungicides.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements basically made without departing from the spirit of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. Anemarrhena extract is used as an agricultural fungicide to prevent and treat crop diseases, wherein the pathogens of the crop diseases are as follows: potato infestans, tomato infestans, tomato leaf mold, cotton verticillium wilt, wheat root rot, wheat head blight, maize leaf spot, apple ring blight, tomato cinerea, melon powdery mildew, and cucumber downy mildew. 2. according to the application of claim 1, wherein, the pathogenic agent of described crop disease is following: potato infestation bacterium, tomato infestation bacterium, tomato Botrytis cinerea, tomato leaf mold, cotton verticillium dahliae, wheat root rot , wheat head blight and apple ring blight. 3. The application according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said Anemarrhena extract mainly contains at least one of the following Anemarrhena extract compounds: mangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin, smilax saponin, total anemarrhena polysaccharides.

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