CN1293182C - Large-scale movable laterally ventilating thick-layer fermentation apparatus and process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial solid-state fermentation bioreactors. Provided is a mobile lateral ventilated thick-layer solid-state fermentation tank (box) that is required for large-scale solid-state aerobic fermentation, saves space, manpower and energy consumption, and can realize continuous production. The reactor is composed of four parts: the main body of the vertical cylindrical tank (or square box), the vertical ventilation pipe in the tank (box), the moving device and the outlet at the bottom of the tank (box). There are evenly distributed circular ventilation holes on the outer wall of the tank (box) and the ventilation pipe in the tank (box), which can be naturally (in the early stage of fermentation) from the inside and outside of the tank (box) to the solid-state fermentation material layer in the tank (box). And pressurization (fermentation peak period) to supply oxygen, discharge CO ₂ and dissipate heat. There is a connection device on the reactor, which can make multiple reactors connected in series, and is driven by a tractor to run between the charging, fermentation and drying workshops, so as to realize the large-scale solid-state fermentation flow operation of aerobic bacteria; the reactor is used for fungi, Solid-state aerobic fermentation of microbial products such as actinomycetes.

Description

A mobile lateral aeration thick layer fermentation equipment and process for large-scale fermentation

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial solid-state fermentation bioreactors. It mainly relates to a solid-state mobile lateral aeration bioreactor that can meet the needs of large-scale solid-state aerobic fermentation, save production space, manpower and energy consumption, and can realize continuous production.

Background technique

Solid-state fermentation has the irreplaceable advantages of liquid-state fermentation, such as less investment in equipment, low management requirements, and less energy consumption. has a very important meaning. However, solid-state fermentation has the disadvantages of high difficulty in heat and mass transfer, difficult stirring, high labor intensity of manual operation, low space utilization rate of production site and small production scale, which makes it difficult to meet the continuous and large-scale requirements of industrial production. There are many types of reactors for solid-state fermentation. The traditional simple reactors mainly include shallow plate method and curved pond method, and the more advanced ones include drum type and gas-phase dual dynamic solid-state fermentation devices, etc., but the daily processing capacity is 200-300 tons. For large-scale solid-state fermentation production, the existing solid-state fermentation devices are difficult to meet the requirements. The improvement of solid-state aerobic bioreactors suitable for large-scale continuous production is still a major problem to be solved in the field of solid-state fermentation.

my country's annual output of apples is about 20 million tons, and apple juice processing discharges about 1 million tons of apple pomace every year. At present, except for a small amount of pomace being used as feed, most of it is abandoned. Apple pomace has a high water content (70% to 82%) and a large amount of soluble nutrients, which provide favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. Therefore, when discarded, apple pomace is easy to rot and smell, which seriously pollutes the environment and causes waste of resources. Using pomace as raw material and using microbial fermentation to produce protein feed has important application value for solving the shortage of protein feed resources in my country, improving the efficiency of fruit planting and processing industries, and reducing environmental pollution. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 60 apple juice factories in my country, and there are many juice factories with a daily output of 200-300 tons of slag. The use of traditional shallow plate and curved pond fermentation and more advanced drums and other equipment cannot meet the daily processing of 200-300 tons. 300 tons of pomace are required. The fermentation cycle of apple pomace single-cell protein feed is 2 to 3 days, and the thick-layer ventilated fermentation using the traditional Quchi method takes up a lot of space (more than 400-1000 tons of raw materials are fermented at the same time), making it difficult to carry out continuous production. The solid-state aerobic fermentation equipment suitable for large-scale industrial continuous production has become the limiting factor for the fermentation production of solid-state large-volume raw materials such as apple pomace.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a mobile lateral aeration thick-layer fermentation equipment and a process thereof. The new aerobic solid-state bioreactor is suitable for large-scale solid-state fermentation of single-cell protein feed produced by apple pomace fermentation, cellulase and other similar products produced by using leftovers of agricultural products such as rice and wheat straw.

The novel bioreactor comprises four parts: a main container (1), a ventilation pipe (5), a moving device (11), and a discharge port (8) at the lower part of the main container.

①Reactor main container (1): It is a cylindrical tank (or square box), with a diameter or side length of 1 to 1.5 meters and a height of 2m. Ventilation holes (4) with a diameter of 2cm are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the tank (box), The hole spacing is 4cm; the upper opening of the tank (box) is provided with an openable lid (3) with holes, and the lower bottom surface is inclined to form a discharge opening (8) (accompanying drawing 1 of the manual).

②Air pipe (5): 20 cm in diameter, the central axis of the air pipe (5) coincides with the central axis of the tank (box) reactor (see Figure 1 of the manual). Ventilation holes with a diameter of 2cm are evenly distributed on the wall of the ventilation pipe, and the hole spacing is 4cm, which are used to supply oxygen to the side of the material layer, discharge _CO2 and dissipate heat; there is a double-layer conical ventilation valve (2) on the top of the ventilation pipe, and the conical ventilation valve The upper layer of (2) is the fixed disk (10) of the ventilation valve, and the lower layer is the movable disk (9) of the ventilation valve, and the movable disk (9) is controlled by the ventilation valve (7): rotating the ventilation valve (7) can control the ventilation valve on the upper part of the ventilation pipe (2) opening and closing (accompanying drawing 1 of description).

In the early stage of fermentation, the oxygen demand is small, and the ventilation valve (2) is opened, and the natural flow of air in the ventilation pipe (5) and the ventilation holes on the ventilation pipe are used to supply the solid-state fermentation material layer in the reactor (1) with lateral diffusion. Oxygen, exhaust CO ₂ and heat dissipation, increase the contact area between solid materials and air; in the middle stage of vigorous fermentation, microorganisms grow and reproduce in large numbers, and the oxygen demand is large, the oxygen supply in the solid material layer is insufficient, the CO ₂ content is too high and the fermentation material The temperature rises sharply, and natural oxygen supply alone cannot meet the oxygen demand and heat dissipation needs of microorganisms. Therefore, when the material temperature is higher than 28-30°C, the ventilation valve (2) is closed, and pressurized, humidified and purified air is introduced to make the ventilation pipe The compressed air accelerates through the vent holes on the pipe wall to pass through the material layer laterally, and is discharged through the pores on the outer wall of the tank to achieve the purpose of strengthening lateral oxygen supply, discharging _CO2 in the material layer and reducing the material temperature.

③Mobile device (11): a reactor base with 4 rollers (12), on which the reactor is fixed (accompanying drawing 2 of the description). The device runs along the fixed track (13) and is used for the solid-state fermentation reactor to move from the high-pressure steam sterilization cabinet to the charging room, fermentation room and drying room

④ Discharge port (8): Located below the main container (1), it is used to automatically discharge the fermentation product under the action of gravity after the fermentation is completed (see Figure 1 of the manual).

Detailed ways.

Application example 1 of the novel bioreactor (large-scale extensive non-sterile fermentation of raw materials): take apple pomace from a fruit juice factory as an example to illustrate the production of single-cell protein feed.

Before juicing, apples have been washed and other processes, and the fruit surface is relatively clean; there are more nutrients such as wild yeast and soluble sugar in the pomace; the pH of the pomace is weakly acidic, which is beneficial to the growth of fungi. In actual production, the growth of miscellaneous bacteria can be controlled by increasing the amount of starter, so as to achieve the purpose of using fresh pomace for direct fermentation without sterilization and saving energy. The process is as follows:

①The pomace, starter and other ingredients from the fruit juice production line are fully mixed in the mixer, and then enter the storage hopper;

②The mobile fermenter (1) (box) is parked directly under the storage hopper under the drag of the tractor, and the lid (3) of the main container (1) is opened;

③The valve of the storage hopper is opened, and the fermented raw materials connected with the starter will slowly fall into the mobile fermenter (1) from the feeding port, keeping a natural and fluffy state. When the fermentation material is full, add the lid (3) of the fermentation tank, open the ventilation valve (2) on the top of the ventilation pipe, let the air flow along the ventilation pipe (5), and facilitate the fermentation raw materials in the tank to pass through the ventilation pipe in the fermentation tank (box). The air hole and the outer wall of the tank (box) are ventilated;

④ After loading, the mobile fermentation tank (box) enters the fermentation workshop under the action of the tractor to control the temperature and humidity for fermentation.

The fermentation workshop has a clean environment and can adjust temperature, humidity and ventilation. The fermentation workshop is provided with several ventilation ducts, and each duct is provided with a plurality of air outlets and switches, and the air inlet (6) at the lower end of the ventilation duct of each mobile fermenter can be connected with the air outlet of the ventilation duct of the fermentation workshop. In the early stage of fermentation, open the ventilation valve (2), and rely on the ventilation holes on the outer wall of the fermentation tank (box) and the ventilation pipe (5) in the tank (box) to supply oxygen naturally; during the peak period of fermentation, close the ventilation valve of the ventilation pipe (2), connect the air inlet (6) at the lower end of the ventilation pipe (5) of the mobile fermentation tank (box) to the air outlet of the ventilation pipe of the fermentation workshop, and achieve the purpose of oxygen supply, _CO2 removal and cooling through pressurized ventilation . When the oxygen demand in the later stage of fermentation decreases, pressurized oxygen supply can be stopped, and the ventilation valve (2) at the upper end of the ventilation pipeline is opened to allow the air to circulate freely, and the air is ventilated again through the ventilation pipeline and the stomata on the outer wall of the fermenter (casing).

⑤ After the fermentation is over, the mobile fermentation tank (box) enters the drying workshop under the action of the tractor. The feed inlet of the drying workshop is located directly below the running track of the fermenter (box), 1-2m lower than the bottom of the fermenter (box). Open the discharge port (8) at the bottom of the fermentation tank (box), and the fermentation product in the tank (box) will fall into the feed port of the dryer under the action of gravity, and be sent to the drying equipment for dehydration and drying by the conveyor belt, and then enter the next process.

Application example 2 of the novel bioreactor (raw material sterilized fermentation): take the fermentation of feed cellulase crude enzyme preparation as an example to illustrate.

①Mix the raw materials such as wheat or rice straw powder and bran in a specific proportion, and treat them with high-temperature steam at 120°C for 30 minutes. In the formula fermenter (casing) (1), keep natural fluffiness.

② After loading, the mobile fermentation tank (box) (1) enters the fermentation workshop under the action of the tractor. The heat preservation fermentation management is the same as the apple pomace feed.

③ After cultivating in the fermentation room for a predetermined time, move the fermenter (box) to the drying workshop and open the discharge port (8) for automatic discharge. The fermented product is dehydrated at low temperature, pulverized and bagged to be the finished product. The raw material for cellulase fermentation is the crushed agricultural crop straw with high porosity, which has good self-ventilation, and the effect of using the solid-state fermentation tank (box) is good.

The main advantages of the new bioreactor:

1. Save production space: Change the traditional horizontal thick-layer bent pond type solid-state fermentation to thick-layer side-to-side double-sided side-to-side ventilation solid-state fermentation. The height of the reactor is 2m, and the utilization rate per unit area of the production site is high, which can save a lot production space;

2. It is movable and can realize continuous production: After changing the fixed Quchi to a mobile solid-state reactor, multiple reactors are connected in series and run at a certain speed on a special track by a tractor, and pass through a charging port at a specific position Loading material (the fermentation raw material and starter are mixed and loaded into the reactor at the charging port), and then sent to the fermentation room through a special track, and then enters the drying room after fermentation to achieve large-scale continuous production.

3. Save space and manpower. There is no need for manual loading, stirring and turning, and the material can be discharged automatically by gravity, which can save manpower and energy consumption.

4. Large-scale production can be realized. Based on the calculation of 1.5 tons of material in each reactor, only 200 reactors are needed to process 300 tons of raw materials per day. Calculated according to the fermentation period of 2 to 3 days, 600 to 700 reactors can meet the production requirements of an assembly line with a daily processing capacity of 300 tons of pomace.

5. The combination of natural ventilation and enhanced ventilation saves energy while ensuring ventilation. In the initial stage of fermentation, the oxygen demand is small, and the vent holes on the outer wall of the reactor and the vent pipe in the center of the reactor can be used to supply oxygen naturally; in the middle stage of fermentation, microorganisms grow and reproduce in large numbers, the oxygen demand is large, the temperature rises rapidly, and a large amount of CO ₂ is produced. Natural oxygen supply alone cannot meet the oxygen demand and heat dissipation needs of microorganisms. By passing humidified and purified air into the ventilation pipe in the center of the reactor for pressurized ventilation, the pressurized air can pass through the pores on the ventilation pipe to the side of the material layer. Diffusion to, and finally discharged through the vent hole on the outer wall of the reactor, at the same time play the role of oxygen supply, CO ₂ discharge and cooling.

Claims (3)

1. a portable side direction ventilation thick-layer solid-state fermenter or case that is used for large scale continuous prod is characterized in that: this reactor by the vertical circular breather line in round tube type jar or square box main body, jar or the case, running gear and jar or case at the bottom of discharge port 4 parts form; The round tube type jar of this reactor or square box outer wall and jar in equally distributed round vent is all arranged on the breather line, from inside and outside two in jar or the case the oxygen supply of the solid state fermentation bed of material, discharge CO ₂And heat radiation; Reactor can along certain tracks between sterilization, reinforced workshop moves to fermentation plant and drying plant; Be mainly used in the extensive solid state fermentation industrialization continuous production of aerobic microbiological.

2. portable side direction ventilation thick-layer solid-state fermenter according to claim 1 or case, the jar or the case that it is characterized in that reactor are gone to the bottom and are the inclined-plane, formation is positioned at the discharge gate of jar or case side, gives off the solid state fermentation product during for fermentation ends under action of gravity automatically.

3. portable side direction ventilation thick-layer solid-state fermenter according to claim 1 or case, it is characterized in that jar or a breather line is established along jar or case y direction in the positive center of case, the ventpipe upper port is established gas valve, the switch of control ventpipe, the vertical gas valve of breather line was opened at the fermentation initial stage, make air by lateral diffusion in the solid-state bed of material of breather line in reactor, increase the contact area of solid substances and air; Ferment oxygen supply deficiency in the solid-state bed of material of vigorous stage, temperature is too high and CO ₂Close the vertical gas valve of ventpipe during too high levels, inlet mouth by the breather line bottom feeds the forced air that purifies humidification, make in the ventpipe forced air by the pore acceleration side on the tube wall to by the bed of material, discharge through the tank wall pore, reach enhanced oxygen blowing, cooling and discharge CO ₂Purpose.

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