CN1292429A - Low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe capable of resisting corrosion of CO2 and sea water - Google Patents
Low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe capable of resisting corrosion of CO2 and sea water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1292429A CN1292429A CN 00125882 CN00125882A CN1292429A CN 1292429 A CN1292429 A CN 1292429A CN 00125882 CN00125882 CN 00125882 CN 00125882 A CN00125882 A CN 00125882A CN 1292429 A CN1292429 A CN 1292429A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel
- corrosion
- low
- alloy steel
- casing pipe
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Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The chemical composition of low-alloy steel for making oil production casing pipe capable of resisting CO2 and sea water corrosion is formed from (wt%) 0.01-0.20% of C, 0.10-1.0% of Si, 0.10-2.0% of Mn, 0.5-5.0% of Cr, 0.01-1.0% of Mo, 0.05-2.0% of Cu, 0.05-0.25% of rare earth, and the rest is Fe and inevitable impurities. The oil production casing pipe steel provided by said invention is low-carbon alloy steel, its cost is lower and its corrosion resistance is greatly raised.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of oil annular tube steel alloy, particularly a kind ofly containing the oil annular tube corrosion resisting low alloy steel that uses under the combination of acidic corrosion working conditions such as carbonic acid gas, chlorion, hydrogen sulfide.
Present most of oil field serious CO of tubing and casing ubiquity
2Etching problem.Annual because of CO
2The accident that corrosion is produced brings financial loss up to more than hundred million yuan to the oil field.Learn angle from material antiseptic, at high CO
2The strong corrosive environment that high temperature, high pressure and fluid scouring form in content, chlorion, the output water yield, iron ion content, low pH value and the well, guarantee tubing and casing safety, produce efficiently that the most effective way is the high chromium rust free steel tubing that adopts expensive 13Cr above.But for numerous lean ore low permeability oil fields that belong to, the production life of well of oil well uses expensive high chromium rust free steel pipe mostly below 10 years, and the oil field can't be accepted, and economy is relatively poor.In addition, still there is comparatively serious local corrosion in high chromium-stainless steel in the environment of this high chloride ion.Therefore, many oil fields have to be used general straight carbon steel tubing at present, thereby cause a lot of serious CO in oil field
2The corrosion accident.
European patent EP 995809 provides a kind of oil annular tube steel alloy that is used to make, its Chemical Composition proportioning by weight percentage is: 0.10～0.30%C, 0.10～1.0%Si, 0.10～3.0%Mn, 2.0～9.0%Cr, 0.01～0.10Al or 0.05～0.5%Cu, P≤0.03%, S≤0.01%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.This patent is mainly by adding Cr and the proper C u and the Al of more content, to improve the anti-CO of material
2With the sea-water corrosion performance, especially overcome the local corrosion phenomenon under the particular medium condition.But in this patent, the add-on of Cr is higher, belongs to the Medium Alloy Steel category, and cost is corresponding higher.In addition, this patent thinks to have only adding to surpass 3%Cr, and the local corrosion of material could be eliminated.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of resistant to carbon dioxide and sea-water corrosion low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe, its anti-CO
2And the sea-water corrosion performance is good, and cost is moderate, has than the large economy benefit.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of resistant to carbon dioxide and sea-water corrosion low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe is characterized in that by weight percentage, and the Chemical Composition proportioning is:
C：0．01～0．20％，????Si：0．10～1．0％，
Mn：0．10～2．0％，????Cr：0．5～5．0％，
Mo：0．01～1．0％，????Cu：0．05～2．0％，
Rare earth: 0.005～0.25%;
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Above-mentioned Chemical Composition also can contain: by weight
W：0．01～0．5％，?????Ni：0．05～1．0％，
Al：0．005～0．1％。
The Chemical Composition of the present invention's design, its each composition mechanism of action is as follows:
C guarantees the essential composition of steel pipe room temperature strength and hardening capacity institute, but when requiring to improve anti-CO
2And Cl
-During corrosive nature, should limit carbon content.Carbon content is lower than 0.01%, and hardening capacity and insufficient strength are higher than 0.20%, and toughness degenerates, the corrodibility variation.
Played deoxidation and improved corrosion proof effect in the Si adding steel.Be lower than 0.01% content, DeGrain surpasses 1.0% content, and processibility and toughness worsen.
Mn is the necessary element of obdurability that improves steel, and is less less than effect in 0.1% o'clock; When surpassing 2%, anti-CO
2Corrodibility descends.
The adding of Cr makes the intensity and the anti-CO of steel
2, Cl
-Corrosive nature improves.But Cr content was less than 0.5% o'clock, and solidity to corrosion improves not obvious; Be higher than at 5.0% o'clock, the processibility variation, material cost improves.
The adding of Mo improves solidity to corrosion, particularly anti-local corrosion, and add-on is lower than 0.01%, DeGrain; Be higher than 1.0%, processing characteristics and plasticity worsen.
Cu is anti-CO
2The one of the chief elements that corrosive nature improves, add-on is lower than 0.05%, DeGrain; Be higher than 2%, the hot workability variation.
Add rare earth as the surface modification element, improved the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of surface corrosion film, thereby improved the anti-CO of steel
2Corrosive nature.Add-on is lower than 0.005%, DeGrain; Surpass 0.25%, can worsen its mechanical property.
The compound adding of W and Mo has on the one hand improved solidity to corrosion, particularly anti-local corrosion, and in addition, the adding of two kinds of elements has improved the intensity and the hardening capacity of material, and add-on is lower than 0.01%, DeGrain; Be higher than 0.5%, processing characteristics and plasticity worsen.
The adding of Ni has improved the hot workability and the corrosion resistance of material.Add-on is lower than 0.05%, and DeGrain surpasses 1.0%, poor processability.
Al has played desoxydatoin in steel, also improved the stability and the solidity to corrosion of corrosion surface rete in addition.When add-on is lower than 0.01%, DeGrain; Surpass 0.10%, the mechanical property variation.
The present invention has following conspicuous outstanding feature and remarkable advantage compared with prior art: (1) interalloy content of the present invention especially Cr content has reduction significantly, belongs to the low-carbon low-alloy steel category, and cost of alloy is lower, can be accepted by the oil field.(2) after the present invention passed through the microalloying of Mo, W, rare earth element especially, the solidity to corrosion of steel was greatly improved, at Cl
-Content surpasses 10% compound CO
2Under the corrosive medium situation, there is not local corrosion to take place yet.
Embodiment:
The Chemical Composition of table 1 steel of the present invention, conventional steel and comparative steel, wt%
| C | ?Si | ?Mn | ?Cr | ?W | ?Mo | ?Cu | ?Ni | Rare earth | ????Al | ||
| Steel of the present invention | ?A1 | ?0.03 | ?0.25 | ?1.55 | ?0.89 | ?0.05 | ?0.25 | ?0.50 | ?0.18 | ????0.005 | |
| ?A2 | ?0.03 | ?0.20 | ?1.60 | ?1.00 | ?0.05 | ?0.24 | ?0.48 | ?0.12 | ????0.005 | ||
| ?A3 | ?0.07 | ?0.22 | ?1.25 | ?1.05 | ?0.03 | ?0.26 | ?0.33 | ?0.20 | ????0.015 | ????0.06 | |
| ?A4 | ?0.06 | ?0.20 | ?1.45 | ?1.32 | ?0.05 | ?0.21 | ?0.39 | ?0.22 | ????0.010 | ????0.08 | |
| ?A5 | ?0.03 | ?0.25 | ?1.55 | ?0.84 | ?0.05 | ?0.25 | ?0.50 | ?0.18 | ????0.008 | ????0.05 | |
| ?A6 | ?0.05 | ?0.28 | ?1.35 | ?0.86 | ?0.04 | ?0.26 | ?0.42 | ?0.15 | ????0.009 | ????0.007 | |
| The contrast steel | ?B1 | ?0.42 | ?0.25 | ?1.61 | ?0.05 | ?0.18 | ?0.49 | ?0.04 | |||
| ?B2 | ?0.24 | ?0.27 | ?0.73 | ?0.97 | ?0.29 | ?0.02 | ?0.04 | ????0.09Ti | ????0.005B | ||
| ?B3 | ?0.14 | ?0.25 | ?1.10 | ?4.82 | ????0.033 | ||||||
| ?B4 | ?0.13 | ?0.22 | ?0.99 | ?8.55 | ?0.46 | ????0.035 |
The Chemical Composition of table 1 expression test steel, wherein A1-A6 is a steel of the present invention, B1-B2 is contrast steel (prior art).From table as can be seen, there are not rare earth, tungsten in the contrast steel.
Intensity, unit elongation, hardness value that test steel in the table 1 obtains after refining, forging, rolling, thermal treatment are shown in Table 2.As can be seen, steel of the present invention contains CO in the oil field
2, Cl
-Corrosive nature under environment and the artificial seawater obviously is better than contrasting steel.
The mechanical property and the corrosive nature of table 2 test steel
| Grade of steel | σb ?Mpa | ?σ0.5 ?Mpa | δ50.8 ％ | HRC | Under oil field CO2, the Cl-environment | The artificial seawater corrosion | ||
| Local corrosion | Corrosion speed | Local corrosion | Corrosion speed | |||||
| A1 | ????807 | ????636 | ?19.4 | ?22.0 | ????○ | ?3.3mm/y | ????○ | ?0.08mm/y |
| A2 | ????815 | ????608 | ?21.2 | ?21.8 | ????○ | ?2.5mm/y | ????○ | ?0.07mm/y |
| A3 | ????821 | ????614 | ?22.2 | ?22.6 | ????○ | ?1.9mm/y | ????○ | ?0.06mm/y |
| A4 | ????803 | ????651 | ?20.5 | ?23.9 | ????○ | ?1.4mm/y | ????○ | ?0.03mm/y |
| A5 | ????802 | ????645 | ?19.5 | ?23.5 | ????○ | ?1.8mm/y | ????○ | ?0.06mm/y |
| A6 | ????799 | ????636 | ?20.6 | ?20.7 | ????○ | ?1.4mm/y | ????○ | ?0.05mm/y |
| B1 | ????789 | ????602 | ?19.2 | ?22.3 | ????× | ??30mm/y | ????× | ?1.20mm/y |
| B2 | ????841 | ????634 | ?18.6 | ?24.6 | ????× | ??21mm/y | ????× | ?1.05mm/y |
| B3 | ????805 | ????607 | ?21.5 | ?20.5 | ????× | ??8mm/y | ????○ | ?0.25mm/y |
| B4 | ????812 | ????651 | ?19.2 | ?21.4 | ????× | ??6mm/y | ????○ | ?0.15mm/y |
Annotate: the field test condition is Na
++ K
+: 17183mg/L,
336876mg／L，
1440.9mg/L, Fe
2+: 100mg/L, Fe
3+: 30mg/L, Ca
2+: 1603mg/L, Mg
2+: 641.5mg/L, PH=6.0, test temperature: 110 ℃, CO
2Dividing potential drop: 2.0Mpa, flow velocity: 1.5m/s.
Zero: showing does not have local corrosion; *: showing has local corrosion
Claims (2)
1. resistant to carbon dioxide and sea-water corrosion low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe is characterized in that by weight percentage the Chemical Composition proportioning is:
C：0．01～0．20％，??????Si：0．10～1．0％，
Mn：0．10～2．0％，??????Cr：0．5～5．0％，
Mo：0．01～1．0％，??????Cu：0．05～2．0％，
Rare earth: 0.005～0.25%;
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. resistant to carbon dioxide according to claim 1 and sea-water corrosion low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe is characterized in that the precentagewise meter, and Chemical Composition also contains:
W：0．01～0．5％?????????Ni：0．05～1．0％，
Al：0．005～0．1％。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00125882A CN1100159C (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe capable of resisting corrosion of CO2 and sea water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00125882A CN1100159C (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe capable of resisting corrosion of CO2 and sea water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1292429A true CN1292429A (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| CN1100159C CN1100159C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
Family
ID=4591664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00125882A Expired - Lifetime CN1100159C (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Low-alloy steel for oil casing pipe capable of resisting corrosion of CO2 and sea water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1100159C (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100372965C (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2008-03-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | High temperature resistant corrosion resistant heat insulation oil pipe steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101787485A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-07-28 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Sea water corrosion-resistant steel with low cost |
| CN103469094A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-12-25 | 日照钢铁控股集团有限公司 | Chloride ion corrosion resistant pipeline steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN103710628A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 南阳汉冶特钢有限公司 | Large-thickness hydrogenating 14Cr1MoR steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN103952634A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 | CO2 corrosion resistant seamless steel pipe and manufacturing method |
| CN106011666A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市樊溪电子有限公司 | Low alloy steel, steel pipe and manufacturing method of steel pipe |
| US9644248B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2017-05-09 | Dalmine S.P.A. | Heavy wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
| US9657365B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2017-05-23 | Dalmine S.P.A. | High strength medium wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
| US9803256B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-10-31 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
| CN111349847A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seawater corrosion resistant steel and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US11124852B2 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Method and system for manufacturing coiled tubing |
| US11952648B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2024-04-09 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Method of forming and heat treating coiled tubing |
| US12129533B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2024-10-29 | Tenaris Connections B.V. | Ultra-fine grained steels having corrosion- fatigue resistance |
| WO2025031455A1 (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2025-02-13 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ultrahigh-strength tubing and casing resistant to hydrogen sulfide corrosion and method for manufacturing same |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN100447279C (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2008-12-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seawater corrosion-resistant steel and production method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1052150A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-06-12 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | A low alloy sulfuric acid dew point corrosion resistant steel |
-
2000
- 2000-10-30 CN CN00125882A patent/CN1100159C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN101787485A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-07-28 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Sea water corrosion-resistant steel with low cost |
| US11952648B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2024-04-09 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Method of forming and heat treating coiled tubing |
| US9803256B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-10-31 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
| US10378074B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-08-13 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
| US10378075B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-08-13 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
| US11377704B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-07-05 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
| US9644248B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2017-05-09 | Dalmine S.P.A. | Heavy wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
| US9657365B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2017-05-23 | Dalmine S.P.A. | High strength medium wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
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| CN103469094B (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-11-04 | 日照钢铁控股集团有限公司 | Steel for pipe of a kind of anti-chlorine ion corrosion and preparation method thereof |
| CN103469094A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-12-25 | 日照钢铁控股集团有限公司 | Chloride ion corrosion resistant pipeline steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN103710628A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 南阳汉冶特钢有限公司 | Large-thickness hydrogenating 14Cr1MoR steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN103952634A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 | CO2 corrosion resistant seamless steel pipe and manufacturing method |
| US12129533B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2024-10-29 | Tenaris Connections B.V. | Ultra-fine grained steels having corrosion- fatigue resistance |
| CN106011666A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市樊溪电子有限公司 | Low alloy steel, steel pipe and manufacturing method of steel pipe |
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| CN111349847A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Seawater corrosion resistant steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2025031455A1 (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2025-02-13 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ultrahigh-strength tubing and casing resistant to hydrogen sulfide corrosion and method for manufacturing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1100159C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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