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CN1291950A - 特别适合于车辆的座椅 - Google Patents

特别适合于车辆的座椅 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1291950A
CN1291950A CN99803433A CN99803433A CN1291950A CN 1291950 A CN1291950 A CN 1291950A CN 99803433 A CN99803433 A CN 99803433A CN 99803433 A CN99803433 A CN 99803433A CN 1291950 A CN1291950 A CN 1291950A
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expanded polystyrene
seat
shell
energy absorbing
layer
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CN1103704C (zh
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D·兰德维克
A·克里斯蒂安森
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Dan Foam AS
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Dan Foam AS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B60N2/4249—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats fixed structures, i.e. where neither the seat nor a part thereof are displaced during a crash
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B60N2/4207—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces
    • B60N2/4214—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal
    • B60N2/4228—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats characterised by the direction of the g-forces longitudinal due to impact coming from the rear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B60N2/427—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash
    • B60N2/42709—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving residual deformation or fracture of the structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/70—Upholstery springs ; Upholstery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S297/00—Chairs and seats
    • Y10S297/01—Foam

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆座椅,诸如小轿车座椅,其包括在座椅外壳上,在邻近使用者躯体部位上,含有多孔塑料层的座椅底座外壳、靠背外壳和头枕的外壳,所述的靠背外壳和/或头枕外壳分别覆盖一表面层,所述的多孔塑料层是一基本能量吸收多孔塑料层,其密度为30—110KG/M3,凹痕载荷偏差ILD为在100—500N时的65%的凹痕,根据ASTM－D－1564标准其最大反弹高度为10%。

Description

特别适合于车辆的座椅
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆座椅，诸如小轿车的座椅。
背景技术
制造车辆座椅的主要方法为以同一材料，通常以泡沫聚醚多孔塑料，有选择地与钢制等插入件结合浇注成座椅。如果支承大腿的座椅两侧稍微有点坚硬的话，那么其座垫应该是舒适的。通过在同一塑料模型中、采用不同的比例指数，即不同份量的异氰酸酯发泡、可以达到上述要求。异氰酸酯份量给得越多，多孔塑料越硬。这样的泡沫材料不能吸收任何能量，而结果是产生一灵敏的弹性靠背。
在现代小轿车座椅中，特别是前排座椅中，其作为个人保护部分制造得更加坚硬，以便在事故中不致破坏。这类型座椅在高速碰撞中给予个人以很好的保护，但在低速撞击中保护工作稍稍逊色。例如在尾端低速碰撞时，由于其坚硬，座椅不会吸收能量，而结果是躯体、特别是头部前后反弹，在脊椎柱上造成所谓的鞭打伤害。保险公司已经建档的伤害数目每年日益增长，如今在瑞典每年都有约16，000伤害的报道，约2，000这样的人丧失工作能力。
本发明
本发明的目的是提供一种具有能量吸收的车辆座椅，与现有技术相比较，其特征在于，在尾端碰撞中抵抗鞭打伤害时显示出增强的保护作用。
采用如本权利要求所限定的本发明的车辆座椅，可以达到上述及其它目的。本发明的简要说明
本发明更进一步的目的、优点、及其特征，从结合附图的优选实施方式的详细描述中，可以一目了然看出，其中：
图1是通常用于家俱中高弹性多孔塑料的能量吸收曲线图；
图2是一基本的能量吸收多孔塑料的相对应曲线图；
图3示出了一种高弹性多孔塑料的结构；
图4示出了根据本发明用在车辆座椅上的那种基本的能量吸收多孔塑料的结构。
本发明优选实施方式的详细描述
本发明是基于能量吸收多孔塑料的玻璃转换温度GTT，与其它的、相当多的弹性多孔塑料的情况相比较，表现完全不同。最后所述的多孔塑料在一非常小的温度间隔中具有很大的粘度变化，同时，能量吸收多孔塑料，如聚氨酯聚合物，其粘度变化具有很宽温度间隔范围，其中该聚合物缓慢地软化。从而，能量吸收多孔塑料的座椅在0℃时感觉变硬，但当人坐在这样的座椅上时，当座椅上的人逐渐温暖该多孔塑料后，能感觉到你能成功地沉浸其中。
邻近躯体的能量吸收多孔塑料层吸收和缓冲在以低速撞击中施加于躯体的能量。
能量吸收多孔塑料本身在塑料材料领域内是公知的，这样的多孔材料的特性通常在作为粘弹性、非弹性、控制还复、记忆发泡方面的专长之中进行综合，所述多孔塑料的特性导致在一个躯体或其它部位凹痕缓慢地复原后，其意谓着可以对凹痕标记进行较长时间或较短时间的研究。能量吸收还可以在标准测试下进行研究，其中钢球朝多孔塑料表面落下。最大的能量吸收多孔塑料反弹高度给定为低于下落高度的2％，而同时所谓的用于家俱的高弹性多孔塑料具有约60％的反弹高度。还可以根据ASTM-D-1564测量凹痕硬度，通过曲线来研究能量吸收。
因此，在图1中，曲线示出了具有厚度为50MM和ILD(凹痕载荷偏差)为400N以上时的65％的凹痕的高弹性多孔塑料。在载荷曲线A和空载曲线B之间的表面进行能量吸收测量，从图中可证明，它可以忽略不计。
在图2中，示出了一基本能量吸收多孔塑料相对应的曲线图，其能量吸收多孔塑料具有与之相同的厚度，即50MM，而ILD为250N时的65％的凹痕。示例性描述所述凹痕发生在三个步骤，但可以清楚看出，能量吸收是基本地且这很清楚地示出：在传统的小轿车座椅在尾端碰撞时引起上述所探讨鞭打伤害时，它存在着令人满意的吸收能量的效果。术语“基本的能量吸收多孔塑料”用在本文是以便区分根据本发明用于车辆座椅的那种多孔塑料，和图2中示例的那种目前用于如轿车座椅的高弹性多孔塑料和图1中示例的用于家俱的高弹性生多孔塑料。
小轿车座椅的舒适性部分通过座椅本身的设计及部分通过靠背和头枕的结构实现。从交通安全观点来看，小轿车座椅各部分的功能和舒适性是最重要的。在尾端碰撞中减少伤害风险中，座椅的靠背和头枕两部分起着决定性的作用。通过在邻近使用者躯体的车辆座椅中设置能量吸收多孔塑料层，碰撞中发出的主要能量部分被多孔塑料层吸收。
这样的能量吸收多孔塑料的适宜密度在30-110KG／M3和ILD为110-500N时的65％凹痕，根据ASTM-D-1564标准最大反弹高度为10％。
能量吸收多孔塑料层的适宜厚度为50MM，当然它可以做成更厚或更薄，只要不脱离本发明思想。然而多孔塑料层至少为200MM厚，以便达到理想效果。
能量吸收多孔塑料配方为一种或数种易混合物或不易混合物，水或CO2作为发泡剂，胺作为催化剂，有机金属化合物作为凝胶体催化剂，及其诸如稳定剂、着色剂、填充物、阻燃剂和抗菌剂的附加物。同样地，硬化剂可以采用二异氰酸甲苯、T80或T65之一或其两者混合物、或亚甲基二异氰酸酯(MDI)或由所述的异氰酸酯之一组成的预聚物。这类配方一实施例是：70份(W／W)多羟基化合物(OH250)、30份多羟基化合物(OH50)、1．8份水、0．2份三元胺、0．6份稳定剂(硅油)、0．1份乙基乙酸锡、5．0份阻燃剂、和比例变化的异氰酸酯。
为了更进一步描述本发明，图3示出了用于家俱的高弹性多孔塑料的多孔结构。该多孔塑料所述结构具有八面体形状，该结构相当易于破裂。此结构与图4所示的能量吸收多孔塑料的多孔结构进行比较，其单元更象球体。这样多孔塑料能更好地吸收撞出的能量。
根据本发明的车辆座椅，能在座椅上或靠背上、最好两者之上，同时在头枕上，设置能量吸收多孔塑料层。从而，所述的能量吸收多孔塑料层以椅垫形式、在使用者将依靠的部位上，设置在座椅支承部分和表面层之间。如需要，内部高弹性多孔塑料层可以设置在外壳和能量吸收多孔塑料层之间。
可以用不同方式进行准备，按照一种方法，能量吸收多孔塑料层是混合膏剂，以便在下一步骤中胶粘在其外壳上或可作用在内部高弹性多孔塑料层上。所述的能量吸收多孔塑料层还可以在第一步骤上，在塑料模型中浇注，因此所提及的外壳的保持部分也可以在同一模型中浇注。另外不同的方法是在带有椅垫模型下进行真空模压，于是，能量吸收多孔塑料层在塑料模型中浇注。再者，所述的多孔塑料层能通过椅垫表面进行碾压，所述椅垫是下一步采用真空形式置于模型中，最后浇注所提及的外壳。另一种不同方式是碾压多孔塑料，且将椅垫以任何适当方式连接于外壳上。
根据本发明，可以获得没有负作用的优良结构，对温度不敏感的材料，以诸如聚亚胺酯泡沫或纤维材料的传统的填充材料的形式，能作用在能量吸收聚亚胺酯泡沫之上的作为柔软层。从而，上述所提及在0℃下能量吸收聚亚胺酯泡沫变硬的缺点可以减少或消除。一适宜的厚度可以是20-30MM。

Claims (1)

1、一种车辆座椅，诸如小轿车座椅，其包括在座椅外壳上，在邻近使用者躯体部位上，含有多孔塑料层的座椅底座外壳、靠背外壳和头枕的外壳，所述的靠背外壳和／或头枕外壳分别覆盖一表面层，其特征在于：所述的多孔塑料层是一基本能量吸收多孔塑料层，其密度为30-110KG／M3，凹痕载荷偏差ILD为在100-500N时的65％的凹痕，根据ASTM-D-1564标准其最大反弹高度为10％。
CN99803433A 1998-03-03 1999-02-22 特别适合于车辆的座椅 Expired - Fee Related CN1103704C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE98006737 1998-03-03
SE9800673A SE9800673L (sv) 1998-03-03 1998-03-03 Fordonssäte liksom sätt att framställa detta

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CN1291950A true CN1291950A (zh) 2001-04-18
CN1103704C CN1103704C (zh) 2003-03-26

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US (1) US6733083B1 (zh)
EP (2) EP1571038B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2002505221A (zh)
KR (1) KR20010041484A (zh)
CN (1) CN1103704C (zh)
AU (1) AU738840B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9908436A (zh)
DE (2) DE69937973T2 (zh)
ES (2) ES2238097T3 (zh)
SE (1) SE9800673L (zh)
WO (1) WO1999044856A1 (zh)

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DE69923295T2 (de) 2005-06-16
AU738840B2 (en) 2001-09-27
US6733083B1 (en) 2004-05-11
WO1999044856A1 (en) 1999-09-10
KR20010041484A (ko) 2001-05-25
ES2238097T3 (es) 2005-08-16
DE69937973D1 (de) 2008-02-21
DE69937973T2 (de) 2008-05-08
SE9800673L (sv) 1999-09-04
ES2299908T3 (es) 2008-06-01
EP1571038B1 (en) 2008-01-09
EP1058629A1 (en) 2000-12-13
EP1571038A1 (en) 2005-09-07
AU2752999A (en) 1999-09-20
DE69923295D1 (de) 2005-02-24
JP2002505221A (ja) 2002-02-19
CN1103704C (zh) 2003-03-26
EP1058629B1 (en) 2005-01-19
BR9908436A (pt) 2000-10-31
DE69923295T8 (de) 2005-11-03
HK1083014A1 (zh) 2006-06-23
SE9800673D0 (sv) 1998-03-03

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