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CN1279281C - 具有至少两个风车的风车群 - Google Patents

具有至少两个风车的风车群 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1279281C
CN1279281C CNB018040136A CN01804013A CN1279281C CN 1279281 C CN1279281 C CN 1279281C CN B018040136 A CNB018040136 A CN B018040136A CN 01804013 A CN01804013 A CN 01804013A CN 1279281 C CN1279281 C CN 1279281C
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windmill
generator
group
rotor
windmills
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN1395655A (zh
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曼弗雷德·赫布斯特
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Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F03D7/048Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/40Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有至少两个风车(1)的风车群,这些风车分别具有一个转子(6)和一个发电机(4),其中,该转子(6)上具有一些可将它们的位置调节到实现最佳风力利用的叶片(9),借助这些叶片(9)可将风能转化为旋转动能,转子(6)的旋转动能则可传递给该发电机(4),该发电机(4)可将传递给它的旋转动能转化为电能,其中,风车群中的每个风车(1)所用的发电机均设计为同步发电机(4)或异步鼠笼式转子发电机,并且这些发电机(4)按照电波原理相互耦连在一起。

Description

具有至少两个风车的风车群
本发明涉及一种具有至少两个风车的风车群,这些风车分别具有一个转子和一个发电机,其中,该转子上具有一些可将它们的位置调节到实现最佳风力利用的叶片,借助这些叶片可将风能转化为转子的旋转动能;转子的旋转动能则可传递给该发电机,该发电机可将传递给它的旋转动能转化为电能。
这种风车的叶片就其各自的位置可调节到实现最佳的风力利用,由此在驱动这种公知风车中所安装的异步发电机时,可通过调节使异步发电机有变化的转速。异步发电机必须通过一变频器调节到与电网同步。为此,这些成倍馈电的异步发电机的频率通过相应的变频器被调节到与电网同步并与发电功率相关。作为异步发电机,在现有技术的风车群中通常采用异步滑环转子发电机,但这种发电机的维护费用相当高。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于进一步改进前面所述具有至少两个风车的风车群,一方面以降低用于风车群中风车的发电机的维护费用,另一方面可使一个风车群中的多个转速可变的风车能没有变频器地并联运行。
上述技术问题按照本发明是这样来解决的,即,将风车群中的每个风车所用的发电机均设计为同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机,并且这些发电机按照电波原理(Prinzip der elektrischen Welle)相互耦连在一起。按照本发明,这些同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机代替了迄今在类似设备中采用的不能不进行维护修理的异步滑环转子发电机,由此可显著降低用于风车群的维护费用。此外,可避免风车群中的各风车利用昂贵的变频器来馈电。按照本发明构造的风车群中的各风车基于它们按照电波原理相互间耦连以一个共同的频率近似滑动地(gleitend)工作。另外,还基本上确保了各风车的转子的位置与最佳的风力利用相匹配。
也可以将风车群中按照电波原理相互耦连的同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机间接或直接地与一个直流传输系统连接起来。
按照另一种替换方案,风车群中按照电波原理相互耦连的同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机可通过一共同的变频器与电网相连。
所述同步发电机优选设计为无电刷。
当所述同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机的转子起动角可分别单独调节时,风车群中各风车的转速差就可通过各同步发电机或异步鼠笼式转子发电机不同的转子起动角来平衡,此时,风车的转子位置或叶片位置可进一步被调节到能实现最佳风力利用。
合适的方式是各风车具有一隔离装置,它优选设计为负载隔离开关。
一个上述类型的风车群可与其它同类型的风车群和/或其它不同构造的风车群组合成一个风车公园(Windpark)。
当按照本发明构造的风车群中各风车的同步发电机通过缓慢地增强励磁可实现同步化时,用于风车群中各风车的设备费用基于已省去了原本所需的一些开关元件而显著得以降低。
在按照本发明构造的风车群中各风车配备有异步鼠笼式转子发电机的情况下,当这些异步鼠笼式转子发电机借助在一个与直流传输系统相配的变频器中整流时产生的无功功率来充磁时,可相应地实现节约设备成本。所述充磁优选逐渐地进行,由此可降低在起动时刻的电流。
下面借助唯一一张附图所示实施方式对本发明予以详细说明,该附图为按照本发明的风车群的基本示意图。
附图中粗略示出的本发明风车群在图示实施方式中由5个风车1组成。这些风车1有相同构造,为此下面仅就其中一个风车1进行描述。
一属于风车1的支撑杆2以合适的方式固定在地面上。
在支撑杆2的上端有一个内装有一同步发电机4的箱壳3。同步发电机4设计为无电刷。
借助于一叶片轴5向同步发电机4提供转动动能。该叶片轴5穿过箱壳3突伸到外面,并在其远离箱壳的端部支承有一个带叶片9的转子6,该转子6同心地设置在叶片轴5的这一端部上,并可将风能转化为转动能量。
转子6的位置可改变,由此可为实现最佳的风力利用来调整该转子6方向。
每个风车1配备有一个在图示实施方式中安装在支撑杆2下部的负载隔离开关7形式的隔离装置(Freischalteeinrichtung)。
附图所示风车群中各风车1的无电刷同步发电机4按照电波原理相互耦连;它们可间接或直接地馈电到一个直流传输系统8中。
作为另一种替换方案,所有无电刷的同步发电机4通过一共同的变频器与电网相连。
一风车群中各风车1的无电刷同步发电机4通过缓慢地增强励磁来实现同步。
一风车群中各风车1的转速差可通过分别与它们配置的各无电刷同步发电机4不同的转子起动角来平衡,其中,各风车1的转子6的位置可分别进一步被调节成能实现最佳风力利用。
一个风车群可以包括任意数量的风车1,此外当然也可以将多个风车群组合成一个风车公园。按照本发明,可以使一个风车群或一个风车公园内的多个转速可变的风车1无变频器地并联运行(平行布线送电)。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有至少两个风车(1)的风车群,这些风车分别具有一个转子(6)和一个发电机(4),其中,该转子(6)上具有一些叶片(9),借助这些叶片(9)可将风能转化为旋转动能,转子(6)的旋转动能则可传递给该发电机(4),该发电机(4)可将传递给它的旋转动能转化为电能,其特征在于,该风车群中每个风车(1)的发电机均设计为同步发电机(4)或异步鼠笼式转子发电机,并且这些发电机(4)按照电波原理相互耦连在一起,以此方式所述风车(1)以它们的一个共同频率近似滑动地工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述按照电波原理相互耦连的同步发电机(4)或异步鼠笼式转子发电机间接或直接与一个直流传输系统(8)相连。
3.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述按照电波原理相互耦连的同步发电机(4)或异步鼠笼式转子发电机通过一个它们共用的变频器与一电网相连。
4.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述同步发电机(4)设计为无电刷。
5.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述同步发电机(4)或异步鼠笼式转子发电机的转子起动角可分别单独调节。
6.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,每个风车(1)都具有一个隔离装置(7)。
7.如权利要求6所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述隔离装置为负载隔离开关(7)。
8.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,它是一个带有多个这类和/或其它类风车群的风车公园的组成部分。
9.如权利要求1所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述同步发电机(4)通过缓慢地增强励磁可实现同步。
10.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的风车群,其特征在于,所述异步鼠笼式转子发电机可借助在一个与所述直流传输系统(8)相配的变频器中整流时产生的无功功率来优选逐渐地充磁。
CNB018040136A 2000-02-03 2001-01-25 具有至少两个风车的风车群 Expired - Fee Related CN1279281C (zh)

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DE20001864U DE20001864U1 (de) 2000-02-03 2000-02-03 Windradgruppe mit zumindest zwei Windrädern
DE20001864.7 2000-02-03

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CN1279281C true CN1279281C (zh) 2006-10-11

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EP (1) EP1252441B1 (zh)
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AT (1) ATE312284T1 (zh)
DE (2) DE20001864U1 (zh)
DK (1) DK1252441T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2252198T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL200254B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2001057396A2 (zh)

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JP6609328B2 (ja) 2015-06-19 2019-11-20 プリンシプル パワー,インコーポレイテッド 波荷重および風荷重の最適化された伝達を有する浮体式風力タービンプラットフォーム構造物
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DE20001864U1 (de) 2000-04-20
ES2252198T3 (es) 2006-05-16
DE50108306D1 (de) 2006-01-12
EP1252441B1 (de) 2005-12-07
EP1252441A2 (de) 2002-10-30
WO2001057396A2 (de) 2001-08-09
DK1252441T3 (da) 2006-04-10
PL200254B1 (pl) 2008-12-31
PL356346A1 (pl) 2004-06-28
WO2001057396A3 (de) 2001-12-27
ATE312284T1 (de) 2005-12-15
CN1395655A (zh) 2003-02-05

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