CN1272142C - Directly and fast forming method and device for polymetal based on welding amassed - Google Patents
Directly and fast forming method and device for polymetal based on welding amassed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种基于焊接堆积的多金属直接快速成型装置，包括机架以及设置在机架的上、下端的数控回转机构和三维工作台，在数控回转机构上分别设置有用于输送金属丝材的送丝机构和与熔焊电源相连接的焊枪，所说的送丝机构和焊枪位于三维工作台与数据回转机构之间，在机架上还设置有铣头。本发明将金属丝材送入焊炬与基体之间产生的弧光区域内，使丝材熔化，成型件在三维工作台的控制下运动，使填充材料的熔滴逐点成线，逐线成面，逐面成体。一层形成后，由铣头进行本层层面及轮廓的加工，以保证单层层片的精度。
A multi-metal direct rapid prototyping device based on welding accumulation, including a frame, a numerical control rotary mechanism and a three-dimensional workbench arranged at the upper and lower ends of the frame, and a wire feeder for conveying metal wires is respectively arranged on the numerical control rotary mechanism The mechanism and the welding torch connected with the fusion welding power supply, the said wire feeding mechanism and the welding torch are located between the three-dimensional workbench and the data rotary mechanism, and a milling head is also arranged on the frame. In the present invention, the metal wire is sent into the arc region generated between the welding torch and the base body, so that the wire is melted, and the molded part moves under the control of the three-dimensional workbench, so that the molten droplets of the filling material are formed into lines point by point, and line by line. Surface, face by face into a body. After one layer is formed, the milling head processes the level and contour of this layer to ensure the accuracy of the single layer.
Description
一、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明属于制造技术领域，特别涉及一种基于焊接堆积的多金属直接快速成型装置。The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing technology, in particular to a multi-metal direct rapid prototyping device based on welding accumulation.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
快速成形(RP)是一种全新的制造技术，它采用材料累加成型原理，无需刀具、工装以及复杂的工艺准备，可快速的由三维CAD物理模型制作出具有一定功能的三维实体，真正实现了CAD/CAPP/CAM的集成，其突出的优点是不受零件复杂程度的限制，零件越复杂，其技术优势越明显。目前常用的快速成形方法有：光固化法(Stereolithography)、分层实体制造法(LOM)、熔融沉积法(FDM)、三维打印法(3D-Print)和选区激光烧结法(SLS)。前三种方法一般采用光敏树脂、纸和蜡作为成形材料，不能直接制作金属零件；而选区激光烧结法(SLS法)虽然能够制作金属零件，但是由于通过粘结剂或低熔点金属粉末将高熔点金属粉末粘结成形，再经过赔烧的工艺方法，所获得的零件组织致密性和机械性能都不理想；而采用大功率激光器直接烧结金属粉末材料成形的方法，虽然能够获得机械性能良好的零件，但是，昂贵的设备费用及运行费用使其难以在生产实际中推广应用。Rapid prototyping (RP) is a brand-new manufacturing technology. It adopts the principle of material additive forming, without tools, tooling and complicated process preparations. It can quickly produce three-dimensional entities with certain functions from the three-dimensional CAD physical model, and truly realize the The outstanding advantage of the integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM is that it is not limited by the complexity of the parts. The more complex the parts, the more obvious the technical advantages. Currently commonly used rapid prototyping methods are: Stereolithography, layered solid manufacturing (LOM), fused deposition method (FDM), three-dimensional printing (3D-Print) and selected laser sintering (SLS). The first three methods generally use photosensitive resin, paper and wax as forming materials, and cannot directly make metal parts; while the selective laser sintering method (SLS method) can make metal parts, but due to the binder or low melting point metal powder will be high Melting point metal powder is bonded and formed, and then the process method of burning, the obtained parts are not ideal in structure and mechanical properties; and the method of directly sintering metal powder materials with high-power lasers can obtain good mechanical properties. Parts, however, expensive equipment costs and operating costs make it difficult to apply in actual production.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、成本低、且能够直接制作高性能组织致密的多种材料金属结构零件的基于焊接堆积的多金属直接快速成型装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-metal direct rapid prototyping device based on welding accumulation, which has simple structure, low cost, and can directly produce high-performance and compact multi-material metal structural parts.
为了达到上述目的，本发明利用熔焊电源熔化金属基体和填充金属丝材，通过送丝机构将金属丝材送入焊炬与基体之间产生的弧光区域内，使丝材熔化，三维工作台在数控系统控制下运动，使填充材料的熔滴逐点成线，逐线成面，一层形成后，由铣头进行本层层面及轮廓的加工，一层完成后，进行下一层的焊接堆积；送丝机构输送的金属丝材的直径小于0.8mm；铣头采用2万转/分钟以上的高速铣头进行层面及轮廓的加工。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention utilizes the fusion welding power source to melt the metal matrix and the filler metal wire, and sends the metal wire into the arc region generated between the welding torch and the matrix through the wire feeding mechanism, so that the wire is melted, and the three-dimensional workbench It moves under the control of the numerical control system, so that the molten droplets of the filling material form a line point by point, and form a surface line by line. After one layer is formed, the milling head performs the processing of the layer and the contour. After one layer is completed, the next layer is processed. Welding accumulation; the diameter of the metal wire conveyed by the wire feeding mechanism is less than 0.8mm; the milling head adopts a high-speed milling head with more than 20,000 revolutions per minute for layer and contour processing.
本发明的装置包括机架以及设置在机架的上、下端的数控回转机构和三维工作台，其特点是，在数控回转机构上分别设置有用于输送金属丝材的送丝机构和与熔焊电源相连接的焊枪，所说的送丝机构和焊枪位于三维工作台与数据回转机构之间，在机架上还设置有铣头。The device of the present invention includes a frame and a numerically controlled rotary mechanism and a three-dimensional workbench arranged at the upper and lower ends of the frame. The welding torch connected with the power supply, the said wire feeding mechanism and the welding torch are located between the three-dimensional workbench and the data rotary mechanism, and a milling head is also arranged on the frame.
本装置的另一特点是：熔焊电源为弧焊电源；在三维工作台与焊枪之间还设置有包埋焊区的介质材料；介质材料为液体介质和固体介质；液体介质为普通水、去离子水、乳化液；固体介质材料为耐高温的金属粉末以及陶瓷粉末。Another feature of this device is: the welding power source is an arc welding power source; there is also a dielectric material embedded in the welding area between the three-dimensional workbench and the welding torch; the dielectric material is a liquid medium and a solid medium; the liquid medium is ordinary water, Deionized water, emulsion; solid medium material is high temperature resistant metal powder and ceramic powder.
由于本发明将金属丝材送入焊炬与基体之间产生的弧光区域内，使丝材熔化，成型件在三维工作台的控制下运动，使填充材料的熔滴逐点成线，逐线成面，逐面成体。一层形成后，由铣头进行本层层面及轮廓的加工，以保证单层层片的精度。Because the present invention feeds the metal wire into the arc region generated between the welding torch and the substrate, the wire is melted, and the molded part moves under the control of the three-dimensional workbench, so that the molten droplets of the filling material are formed into lines point by point, and line by line. To form a face, to form a body face by face. After one layer is formed, the milling head processes the level and contour of this layer to ensure the accuracy of the single layer.
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，本发明包括机架9。三维工作台通过一块立板固定在机架9的下端，立板可以调整垂直度，整个三维工作台5配以平衡重，以减轻工作台5升降运动时受重力的影响和对立板的弯曲作用。三维工作台5在数控系统控制下可进行X-Y轴的联动和Z轴的升降运动。X-Y轴的联动主要完成堆积过程中的单条线和层片的形成以及层片加工时相对高速铣头8的进给运动。Z轴运动主要完成层层的堆积和加工时Z向的进给运动。数控回转机构2安装在机架9的上端，并能作旋转运动。送丝机构6以及焊枪7均安装在数控回转机构2上，在焊接堆积时，当堆积路径为曲线时，数控回转机构2带动送丝机构6及焊枪7进行旋转，调整送丝的角度以保证送丝方向在堆积路径的切线方向。高速铣头8安装在机架9上，当一层焊接堆积完成后，三维工作台5的XY运动带动工件接近高速铣头8进行层片和轮廓的加工，加工完毕后，三维工作台5带动工件4Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention includes a frame 9 . The three-dimensional workbench is fixed on the lower end of the frame 9 through a vertical plate, and the verticality of the vertical plate can be adjusted. The entire three-dimensional workbench 5 is equipped with a counterweight to reduce the influence of gravity and the bending effect on the vertical plate when the workbench 5 moves up and down. . The three-dimensional workbench 5 can carry out X-Y axis linkage and Z-axis lifting movement under the control of the numerical control system. The linkage of the X-Y axis mainly completes the formation of a single line and layers in the stacking process and the feed movement relative to the high-speed milling head 8 during layer processing. The Z-axis movement mainly completes the layer-by-layer accumulation and the Z-direction feed movement during processing. Numerical control rotary mechanism 2 is installed on the upper end of frame 9, and can do rotary motion. Both the wire feeding mechanism 6 and the welding torch 7 are installed on the numerically controlled rotary mechanism 2. During welding accumulation, when the accumulation path is a curve, the numerically controlled rotary mechanism 2 drives the wire feeding mechanism 6 and welding torch 7 to rotate, and the angle of wire feeding is adjusted to ensure The wire feeding direction is in the tangential direction of the accumulation path. The high-speed milling head 8 is installed on the frame 9. When a layer of welding is completed, the XY movement of the three-dimensional worktable 5 drives the workpiece close to the high-speed milling head 8 to process the layers and contours. After the processing is completed, the three-dimensional workbench 5 drives Workpiece 4
回复到焊接堆积位置，等待下一层的堆积。熔焊电源1放置在机架一侧，离子气、保护气通过气管与焊枪7相连接，通过电缆将电源电流传输给焊枪7。Return to the welding accumulation position and wait for the accumulation of the next layer. The fusion welding power supply 1 is placed on one side of the frame, and the ion gas and shielding gas are connected to the welding torch 7 through the gas pipe, and the power supply current is transmitted to the welding torch 7 through the cable.
本发明利用熔焊电源1熔化金属基体4和填充金属丝材，通过送丝机构6将不同材料的金属丝材送入焊枪7与基体之间产生的弧光区域内，使丝材熔化，三维工作台5在数控系统控制下，按照所要成形零件的几何特征运动，使填充的金属材料的熔滴逐点成线，逐线成面，一层形成后，由铣头8进行本层层面及轮廓的加工，以保证单层层面的精度。一层完成后，进行下一层的焊接堆积。为了保证焊接堆积过程中熔滴过渡的连续及稳定，将送丝机构6安装在数控回转机构2上，根据填充轨迹的方向调整送丝的角度，使送丝方向与填充轨迹的切向重合，以保证熔池的连续及稳定，保证单条线的宽度以及制件的堆积精度。在焊接堆积过程中，电弧的稳定对焊接质量具有直接的影响，在焊接过程中，采用介质材料3将已堆积部分包埋起来，一方面可以保证在焊区附近的电弧稳定，另一方面通过介质改变焊区的热场分布，从而减小焊接变形和焊后残余应力的产生。The present invention utilizes the fusion welding power source 1 to melt the metal matrix 4 and the filler metal wire, and sends the metal wire of different materials into the arc area generated between the welding torch 7 and the matrix through the wire feeding mechanism 6, so that the wire is melted and works in three dimensions. Under the control of the numerical control system, the table 5 moves according to the geometric characteristics of the part to be formed, so that the molten droplets of the filled metal material form a line point by point, and form a surface line by line. processing to ensure the accuracy of the single layer. After one layer is complete, proceed to the next layer of solder buildup. In order to ensure the continuity and stability of the droplet transfer during the welding accumulation process, the wire feeding mechanism 6 is installed on the CNC rotary mechanism 2, and the angle of the wire feeding is adjusted according to the direction of the filling track, so that the wire feeding direction coincides with the tangential direction of the filling track. To ensure the continuity and stability of the molten pool, the width of a single line and the accumulation accuracy of the parts. During the welding accumulation process, the stability of the arc has a direct impact on the welding quality. During the welding process, the dielectric material 3 is used to embed the accumulated part. On the one hand, it can ensure the stability of the arc near the welding area. On the other hand, through The medium changes the thermal field distribution in the welding area, thereby reducing welding deformation and residual stress after welding.
本发明可用在机械、汽车、航天航空、仪器仪表等领域用来制造金属模具和具有功能梯度结构要求的金属零件。The invention can be used in the fields of machinery, automobile, aerospace, instrumentation and the like to manufacture metal molds and metal parts with functional gradient structure requirements.
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| CN 03134394 CN1272142C (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Directly and fast forming method and device for polymetal based on welding amassed |
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| CN 03134394 CN1272142C (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Directly and fast forming method and device for polymetal based on welding amassed |
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| CN1481972A CN1481972A (en) | 2004-03-17 |
| CN1272142C true CN1272142C (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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