Aliphatic alcohol ether acetate is because the existence of intramolecule difunctional has good dissolving ability to multiple macromolecular materials such as cellulose, resin, natural gum.It is the industrial solvent of a kind of non-optical class, and solute effect is splendid, and performance is better than glycol ether and propylene glycol; Solvent nature obviously is better than ethyl acetate, acetone and dimethylbenzene etc.Have solvability preferably for organic synthesis or natural macromolecular compound such as grease, rosin, chlorinated rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, alkyd resins, benzylcellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate etc., can be widely used in metal, furniture sprays paint and be coated with the solvent of the contour shelves paint of mopping and papermaking on the solvent of paste paint.It can be lowered into film temperature, increases gloss, improves paint film adhesion and insulating properties, and is anti-firm, practical.They also have a large amount of application at aspects such as multicolor spray, paint, cleaning agent, binding agent, plasticizer simultaneously.It has suction-operated to sour gas such as carbon dioxide etc.Owing to its boiling point height, dissolubility is good, also can be used as the solvent of some chemical reaction process again.
Aliphatic alcohol ether acetate synthetic has three kinds of technologies: esterification process [SU 1342894], [JP 6816966,1968 for ester-interchange method; US 3700726] and one-step method [EP 140545].Esterification process is the technology of raw material with acetic acid (or acetic anhydride) and alcohol ether promptly.The early stage catalyst that uses of this technology is a sulfuric acid, and its advantage is the catalytic activity height, the reaction time is short, catalyst is cheap and easy to get, but exist that side reaction is many, process route long, shortcomings such as the generation three wastes, equipment corrosion are serious, production cost height.In order to overcome the drawback of sulfuric acid catalyst, substituting catalyst such as inorganic acid salt, molecular sieve, heteropoly acid, metal oxide have appearred.But all can't avoid esterification process technology intrinsic drawback: the raw material ethylene glycol monoethyl ether price height of employing; Acetic acid is serious to equipment corrosion; Generate water in the esterification, need to add excessive band aqua, bring difficulty for the separation and the purification of product.Ester-interchange method is that alcohol ether and ethyl acetate under catalyst action ester exchange reaction take place, acidic catalyst is also used in this reaction mostly, need to neutralize before product is refining with alkali, there is water to generate, bring difficulty to product purification, and when adopting alkoxide to make catalyst, the post processing of catalyst and inactivation problem are very outstanding again.So far difficult energy industrialization.
One-step technology is ethyl acetate and aliphatic epoxide one step of open loop addition under catalyst action to generate pure ether acetate.This route raw material is inexpensive, the nothing corrosion, and product is easily refining, and process route is the most economical, becomes the technology that potentiality to be exploited is arranged most.This technology adopts organic base such as tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, potassium tert-butoxide etc. to make catalyst in early days, or to adopt slaine be that catalyst, amine are co-catalyst, and target product yield can reach 70%.People such as Schwek [DE 2951080,1981] employing zirconium chloride is that catalyst, triethylamine are co-catalyst, and the mol ratio of ethyl acetate and oxirane is 10: 1, and target product selectivity can reach 87%; The back replaces zirconium chloride [DE 3008174,1981] with zirconium alkoxide, and the mol ratio of ethyl acetate and oxirane is 10: 1, and target product selectivity can reach 90%.
It is lower that above-mentioned one-step technology still exists selectivity of product, the problem that accessory substance is more.Because the opening of ethyl acetate and aliphatic epoxide is consecutive reaction, can generate the pure ether acetate of different adduct numbers, thereby distribution problem of product existence, when adopting base catalyst, be difficult to obtain the product of narrow distribution; And the employing acidic catalyst then easily forms toxic byproducts such as dioxane.
Japan Patent JP 5636431 (1981) is in one-step technology, adopt hydrotalcite to do above-mentioned reaction as base catalyst, oxirane and ethyl acetate mol ratio are 8~12, and the conversion ratio of oxirane reaches more than 95%, and its catalytic performance is than other base catalyst height.But because hydrotalcite (LDO) catalyst exists with powder morphology usually, granularity is little, mechanical strength is not enough, with reactant and product separate the comparison difficulty, be unfavorable for product separation and successive reaction, make product impure.The loss of catalyst is serious, and service life is low.
The objective of the invention is by catalyst activity component is loaded on γ-Al
2O
3On, the preparation method of a kind of carried hydrotalcite catalyst and a kind of aliphatic alcohol ether acetate is provided, make catalyst under the situation that does not reduce catalytic activity, selectivity of product and reaction-ure conversion-age, reduce the loss of active constituent hydrotalcite LDO in reactant mixture, prolong the service life of catalyst, improve product purity.
Invention main points of the present invention:
The invention provides a kind of carried hydrotalcite catalyst, its basic composition and percentage by weight are:
Carrier: γ-Al
2O
3, 70~85%
Active constituent LDO, 15~30%; The molecular composition of active constituent LDO is: (M
II)
m(M
III)
nO
x, M wherein
II=Mg, Ca, Ba; M
III=Al, Fe, m/n=1.5~10, x=m+3n/2.
Catalyst of the present invention can adopt following two kinds of methods preparation:
(1) single droplet method: carrier is joined in alkali and the carbonate mixed solution, stir under room temperature, drip soluble alkaline earth salt and solubility trivalent metal mixed salt solution, titration end-point is pH=8.5~11.5.With above-mentioned white slurries under 60~100 ℃ of conditions, ageing 18~48 hours, washing and filtering, white solid is dry under 60~110 ℃ of conditions, then can get catalyst in 500 ℃ of calcinings, calcining can be carried out in muffle furnace.
(2) two methods: carrier is mixed with water, stir, alkali and carbonate mixed solution and soluble alkaline earth salt and solubility trivalent metal salt mixing salt solution are added drop-wise in the carrier respectively simultaneously go, titration end-point is pH=8.5~11.5.With above-mentioned white slurries under 60~100 ℃ of conditions, ageing 18~48 hours, washing and filtering, white solid is dry under 60~110 ℃ of conditions, then can get catalyst in 500 ℃ of calcinings, calcining can be carried out in muffle furnace.
Said alkali is meant any in NaOH, KOH, ammoniacal liquor, the urea in above-mentioned two kinds of methods; Carbonate is meant Na
2CO
3, NaHCO
3, K
2CO
3In any; The alkali salt of solubility is meant any in the nitrate, sulfate, chloride of Mg, Ca, Ba; The trivalent metal salt of solubility is meant Al (NO
3)
3, Al
2(SO
4)
3, FeCl
3In any.And γ-Al
2O
3, solubility trivalent metal salt, alkali, the mol ratio of carbonate of alkali salt, solubility be 1: (0.1-1): (0.1-0.7): (0.3-3.5): (0.2-1); The concentration of the alkali salt of solubility, the trivalent metal salt of solubility, alkali, carbonate is respectively: 0.01~5M, 0.01~5M, 0.01~10M, 0.01~10M.
In the above-mentioned two kinds methods that prepare catalyst, the dropping of mixed solution with slow dropping for well.
It is raw material that catalyst provided by the invention can be used for ethyl acetate and aliphatic epoxide, and the open loop addition prepares in the reaction of aliphatic alcohol ether acetate.Concrete reactions steps and condition are as follows:
A. material ratio: the mol ratio of aliphatic epoxide and ethyl acetate is 1: 0.1~10, and catalyst consumption is 1~10% of an aliphatic epoxide weight,
B. reaction condition: temperature is 120~200 ℃,
C. reaction process process: the catalyst for preparing and reaction mass once added in the autoclave according to material ratio given among the above-mentioned A seal, be heated with stirring to fixed temperature that B gives, be reacted to pressure and be zero and finish, filtering recovering catalyst, filtrate is product.
Carried hydrotalcite provided by the present invention (LDO) catalyst is owing to load on γ-Al with activity of such catalysts component LDO
2O
3After on the carrier, with γ-Al
2O
3Carrier has produced stronger interaction, and active constituent is difficult for running off in course of reaction.LDO is at γ-Al
2O
3After the carrier surface original position forms, radical change does not take place in its structure, still the catalytic performance that has kept powder LDO, therefore the synthetic reaction that is used for pure ether acetate has following remarkable result: 1) have and the suitable substantially high catalytic activity and the selectivity of LDO catalyst of load not, the conversion ratio of reactant is 96~100%, to pure ether acetate product selectivity greater than 96%; 2) adopt catalyst of the present invention to significantly reduce the loss of active constituent LDO in reactant mixture, one way reaction LDO runs off less than 0.01%, has prolonged the service life of catalyst; 3) catalyst can separate by the method for filtering with reactant mixture, convenient separation, and product purity improves, and LDO content is less than 1PPM in the product.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment 1: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.03mol, 7.69g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.01mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.08mol, 3.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.02mol, 2.13g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with aqueous slkali, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salting liquid, dropwised in 2 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 70 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 36ml, ethyl acetate 36ml and add sealing in the autoclave (40atm) simultaneously, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 2: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.03mol, 7.69g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.01mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.09mol, 3.60g), Na
2CO
3(0.02mol, 2.13g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with aqueous slkali, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salting liquid, dropwised in 3 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 90 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 70 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 36ml, ethyl acetate 36ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 140 ℃, be reflected in the 200min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 3: Preparation of catalysts: with MgSO
4.7H
2O (0.06mol, 14.94g), Al
2(SO
4)
3.18H
2O (0.015mol 10.00g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.18mol, 7.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.04mol, 4.25g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with aqueous slkali, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salting liquid, dropwised in 3 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 100 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 7.2ml, ethyl acetate 36ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 180 ℃, be reflected in the 150min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 4: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.03mol, 7.69g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.01mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.08mol, 43.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.02mol, 2.13g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with the 60ml deionized water, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salt and aqueous slkali simultaneously respectively, dropwised in 3 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 70 ℃ of conditions dry 24 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 36ml, ethyl acetate 36ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 5: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.06mol, 15.38g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.03mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.18mol, 7.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.04mol, 4.25g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with the 60ml deionized water, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salt and aqueous slkali simultaneously respectively, dropwised in 2 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 80 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 36ml, ethyl acetate 18ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 6: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.04mol, 10.25g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.01mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.10mol, 4.00g), Na
2CO
3(0.02mol, 2.13g), 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with the 60ml deionized water, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salt and aqueous slkali simultaneously respectively, dropwised in 4 hours.With above-mentioned white with liquid ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions, washing and filtering, with white solid under 70 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, expoxy propane 72ml, ethyl acetate 9ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Above-mentioned catalyst the and catalytic conversion and the selectivity contrast of the opening of the right expoxy propane of load LDO catalyst and ethyl acetate is not as follows:
Embodiment 7: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.06mol, 15.38g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.03mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.18mol, 7.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.04mol, 4.25g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with the 60ml deionized water, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salt and aqueous slkali simultaneously respectively, dropwised in 2 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 80 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, oxirane 32ml, ethyl acetate 18ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.
Embodiment 8: Preparation of catalysts: with Mg (NO
3)
2.6H
2O (0.06mol, 15.38g), Al (NO
3)
3.9H
2O (0.03mol 7.69g), is made into salting liquid with the 35ml deionized water, with NaOH (0.18mol, 7.20g), Na
2CO
3(0.04mol, 4.25g), with 35ml deionized water proportionaling alkali-forming solution.With 10g γ-Al
2O
3Join simultaneously in the there-necked flask with the 60ml deionized water, under room temperature, stir, slowly drip above-mentioned salt and aqueous slkali simultaneously respectively, dropwised in 2 hours.With the ageing 24 hours under 70 ℃ of conditions of above-mentioned white slurries, washing and filtering, with white solid under 80 ℃ of conditions dry 18 hours, then 500 ℃ of calcinings can get catalyst in muffle furnace.
Course of reaction: get the above-mentioned catalyst 2.55g for preparing, oxirane 32ml, ethyl acetate 18ml and add in the autoclave simultaneously and seal, be heated with stirring to 160 ℃, be reflected in the 180min and finish.Filtering recovering catalyst after cooling, filtrate is the product gas chromatographic analysis.Catalyst P O/ ethyl acetate EO/ ethyl acetate PO conversion ratio selectivity (%)
(mol ratio) (mol ratio) be 1: 1 99.0 97.0 1.5 0.3 1.2 embodiment of other LDO of MEA EP DMD, 11: 1 97.0 96.0 1.8 0.6 1.6 embodiment, 21: 1 96.2 97.3 1.2 0.2 1.3 embodiment, 3 0.2: 1 99.7 99.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 embodiment, 41: 1 98.1 96.2 2.5 0.3 1.0 embodiment, 52: 1 95.0 97.5 1.4 0.4 0.7 embodiment, 68: 1 96.0 96.9 1.7 0.5 0.9 embodiment, 72: 1 99.0 97.5----2.5 embodiment, 82: 1 98.0 98.9----1.1 (%)
Annotate: the PO=expoxy propane;
EO=oxirane;
MEA=second or propylene-glycol ethyl ether acetic acid esters and homologue thereof;
The EP=dihydroxypropane single-ether;
DMD=2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane;
Other: unknown material;
LDO prepares the method that adopts embodiment 1, and difference is that it does not add carrier in preparation process.