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CN1268143A - 由高折光率可熔融加工热塑性材料成形的光学器件 - Google Patents

由高折光率可熔融加工热塑性材料成形的光学器件 Download PDF

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CN1268143A
CN1268143A CN98807952A CN98807952A CN1268143A CN 1268143 A CN1268143 A CN 1268143A CN 98807952 A CN98807952 A CN 98807952A CN 98807952 A CN98807952 A CN 98807952A CN 1268143 A CN1268143 A CN 1268143A
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optics
lens
refractive index
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eyeglass
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CN1114645C (zh
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J·E·麦格拉斯
V·N·塞克哈里普拉姆
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Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/20—Polysulfones
    • C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C08G65/4006—(I) or (II) containing elements other than carbon, oxygen, hydrogen or halogen as leaving group (X)
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
    • C08G65/4068—(I) or (II) containing elements not covered by groups C08G65/4018 - C08G65/4056
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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Abstract

本发明涉及特殊配方的光学器件,如镜片、(单焦点及多焦点的)、累进镜片、镜片坯件及镜片预成型坯。

Description

由高折光率可熔融加工热塑 性材料成形的光学器件
发明领域
本发明总地说涉及光学器件，如镜片(单焦点及多焦点的)、累进镜片(progressive lenses)、镜片坯件及镜片预成型坯。
发明背景
由热塑性材料成形的镜片正日渐普及。在此种镜片的生产方面的进步包括采用更轻和没有不希望颜色的材料。
令人感兴趣和重要的优化塑料镜片的途径是采用具有高折光率的材料。这使得镜片设计者能够设计出表面曲率半径更大、更薄的镜片。
芳族热塑性塑料已被认为是制作光学用途，特别是眼镜类领域用高折光率材料制品的潜在候选材料。芳族聚碳酸酯是此种光学用途用材的典型，具有约1.59的折光率。然而，已知这类材料存在不理想的色差。
文献中描述了重复单元中包含三苯基氧化膦部分的芳族聚醚。美国专利4,108,837和4,175,175展示、建议并描述了含氧化膦基团的芳族聚醚。已就此种材料作为短距离光纤以及作为抗等离子体涂层的应用做了某些工作。
此类材料可通过各种各样双酚与4，4’-双(氟代苯基)苯基氧化膦(BFPPO)在诸如碳酸钾之类的碱存在下，在诸如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或N，N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)之类偶极非质子溶剂中的反应来合成。此类化合物的合成技术是已知的，它们的许多物理性质也在文献中有大量记载。例如参见C.D.Smith等人《SAMPE Symps Exib.》卷35，第1期，pp.108～22(1990)；R.L.Holzberlein等人，《聚合物制备》，卷30，第1期，p.293(1989)；D.B.Priddy等人，《聚合物制备》，卷34，第1期，pp.310～11(1993)；D.B.Priddy等人，《聚合物制备》，卷33，第2期，pp.231～32(1992)；C.D.Smith等人，《聚合物制备》，卷32，第1期，pp.93～5(1991)；C.D.Smith等人，《高性能聚合物》，卷3，第4期，pp.211～29(1991)。具有非活性端基的受控分子量，例如可通过采用诸如4-叔丁基酚之类的单官能单体来产生。
发明概述
本发明涉及由带非活性端基的含氧化膦芳族聚醚及共聚物成形的光学器件。此种分子量受控的聚醚表现出优良的机械性能以及优良的光学性质，如折光率至少是1.63，透明度优良及色泽浅。这些对于优质、轻薄眼用镜片的开发来说都是至关重要的。由此种材料制作的光学器件的色差也比较小。
非活性链端，据信，有助于维持加工操作期间熔体粘度的稳定，并保证熔体粘度不会因加工期间的链延伸或支化而发生改变，而这类改变将导致光学性质的损失。此类材料的优越的热-机械稳定性允许它们在相当高的温度进行加工而不出现热及机械降解。
发明详述
聚合物链的主链中含有氧化膦部分的芳族聚醚具备使其成功地应用于眼用镜片领域的关键性质。氧化膦部分在聚合物链的主链中的存在提供了较高的折光率并改善其热及机械性能。此类材料表现出200～225℃的高玻璃化转变温度，因此必须在例如325～350℃的高温进行加工。此类材料的机械性能表明，它们坚韧、可延展，然而在环境条件下如玻璃一般，因此有利于制作既薄又具有优良耐冲击性的镜片。
恰当封端的、含有非活性氧化膦的芳族聚醚可由下式I表示：
Figure A9880795200051
该聚合物可通过如下所示的BFPPO、双酚A及4-叔丁基酚，在实施例1中所描述的条件下起反应制成。
Figure A9880795200052
其他均聚物可通过以各种各样的双酚来代替双酚′A′，例如用氢醌、双酚、4，4’-氧双酚(oxy diphenol)或双(4-羟苯基)砜来制备。
通过将部分氧化膦单体改换为4，4’-二氯二苯基砜或4，4’-二氟二苯酮，可设想制成多种多样的聚醚共聚物。此类共聚物的一般结构可这样来表示：
其中R＝-H，
Figure A9880795200062
然而，必须保持无水的形态。
由此类材料制作的光学器件为光学透明，且其边缘处比传统塑料眼用镜片薄，因为其折光率数值较高。
实施例1
(聚合物制备)
31.43g(0.1mol)4，4’-双(氟苯基)苯基氧化膦(BFPPO)[分子量＝314.2706]，连同22.25g(0.098mol)双酚′A′[分子量＝228.2902]，连同0.70(0.005mol)4-叔丁基酚[分子量＝138.209]，被加入到四口反应烧瓶中，烧瓶备有氩气鼓泡管、悬吊的机械搅拌器及Dean-Stark汽水分离器，后者连接到回流冷凝器上。反应物溶解在足量DMAC中，从而配制成30wt％DMAC/氯苯(80∶20)混合物的溶液。氯苯用作共沸溶剂，以便高效地移出聚合期间生成的缩合反应水。反应开始阶段在135～140℃保持4h，直至缩合水被完全馏出。然后，反应温度逐渐升高到约165℃并保温另外的16h。随后，让反应产物冷却到室温、滤除无机盐并以冰醋酸中和，然后通过在高速混合机内快速搅拌的甲醇/水混合物中沉淀，将产物分离出来。以甲醇反复洗涤以去除所有痕量溶剂之后，过滤出聚合物沉淀并在约200℃的真空烘箱中干燥过夜。
该聚合物的优选数均分子量范围为约15,000～25,000g/mol。数均分子量若高于25,000g/mol，熔体粘度会过高而不适合快速加工。如此制成的聚合物具有20,000g/mol的目标分子量。从文献中得知，该聚合物的聚合物链长，也就是分子量，可通过控制合成过程中所用的氧化膦对芳基部分的比例进行调节。
实施例2(镜片成形)
由实施例1的聚合物制备直径80mm、折光率1.66、中心厚度为1.0mm、球面放大倍数(spherical power)为-6.00D的单光(single vision)镜片，它是通过将聚合物熔体从挤塑机挤出，然后加热的挤出物在常规注塑设备中成形为镜片制成的。该镜片的边缘厚度为8.8mm。
由折光率为1.58的聚碳酸酯在相同的一组参数(即，中心厚度，1.0mm；球面放大倍数，-6.00D；镜片直径，80mm)下制成的对应的高指数镜片，将具有10.0mm的边缘厚度。
提供以上的非限定性实施例旨在说明。本发明的范围唯一由以下的权利要求规定。

Claims (17)

1.一种由如下聚合物材料成形的光学器件：
Figure A9880795200021
其中R和R’是取代或未取代的芳基基团。
2.权利要求1的光学器件，其中聚合物的分子量为约15,000～约25,000。
3.权利要求1的光学器件，其中聚合物的分子量为约20,000。
4.一种由如下聚合物材料成形的光学器件：
Figure A9880795200022
5.权利要求1～4的光学器件，其中该光学器件是眼镜片。
6.权利要求1～4的光学器件，其中该光学器件是镜片坯件。
7.权利要求1～4的光学器件，其中该光学器件是镜片预成型坯。
8.权利要求1～4的光学器件，其中该光学器件是累进镜片。
9.权利要求1～4的光学器件，其中该光学器件是双焦点镜片。
10.一种由聚合物材料成形的光学器件，该聚合物材料是通过(a)氧化膦部分与(b)环状芳基部分、双环芳基部分或其混合物的聚合制成的。
11.权利要求11的光学器件，其中芳基部分是双酚与丁基酚的混合物。
12.权利要求11或12的光学器件，其中光学器件是眼镜片。
13.权利要求11或12的光学器件，其中该光学器件是镜片坯件。
14.权利要求11或12的光学器件，其中该光学器件是镜片预成型坯。
15.权利要求11或12的光学器件，其中该光学器件是累进镜片。
16.权利要求11或12的光学器件，其中该光学器件是双焦点镜片。
17.一种由下列聚合物材料成形的光学器件：
Figure A9880795200031
CN98807952A 1997-08-15 1998-07-21 由高折光率可熔融加工热塑性材料成形的光学器件 Expired - Fee Related CN1114645C (zh)

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US08/912,117 US6008299A (en) 1997-08-15 1997-08-15 Optic devices formed from melt processable thermoplastic materials having a high refractive index

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DE69820637D1 (de) 2004-01-29
DE69820637T2 (de) 2004-09-16
EP1003790A1 (en) 2000-05-31
BR9812125A (pt) 2000-07-18
AU8500798A (en) 1999-03-08
KR100588396B1 (ko) 2006-06-13
WO1999009072A1 (en) 1999-02-25
JP2001515105A (ja) 2001-09-18
EP1003790B1 (en) 2003-12-17
US6008299A (en) 1999-12-28
CA2301263A1 (en) 1999-02-25
KR20010022935A (ko) 2001-03-26
JP4084925B2 (ja) 2008-04-30
EP1003790A4 (en) 2000-10-18
RU2225872C2 (ru) 2004-03-20
TW519546B (en) 2003-02-01
IL134149A0 (en) 2001-04-30
CA2301263C (en) 2008-06-17
CN1114645C (zh) 2003-07-16
HK1027117A1 (zh) 2001-01-05

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