CN1267349A - Roof and wall cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

The pipe or outer roof or wall cladding is made of cohesive artificial glass fiber mat, wherein the fibers have a viscosity of 10-170 poise at 1400°C and a dissolution rate of at least 20 nm/day at pH 4.5.

Description

roof and wall cladding

The present invention relates to bonded man-made fiberglass (MMVF) mats, which can be used as outer roof or wall cladding or as pipe fittings, ie thermal insulation for installation inside or outside pipes.

Compared to interior blankets, exterior blankets are mostly exposed to unfavorable conditions such as exposure to moisture, sun, temperature and wind. Moisture and heat together create a destructive environment for fibers, but conventional MMVF fibers with conventional mat construction are resistant to this effect. Exposure to wind speeds up delamination, but mats can be formed by known techniques such as bonding with adhesives and orienting the fibers mostly perpendicular to the laminar sheet, rather than the conventional direction substantially parallel to the mat surface. obtain sufficient structural strength.

Compared with conventional internal use. Similar felts for inner or outer pipe member insulation are more exposed to wet conditions, especially when enclosed in an aluminum or plastic film or other casing.

Recently, attempts are being made to develop MMV fibers with some solubility in physiological media. The vast majority of literature on solubility considers that fibers are required to have a certain solubility in physiological saline at a pH of about 7.5.

Fibers having good solubility at a pH of about 4.5 are described in WO96/14454 and WO96/14274.

A problem with the use of MMVF felt in the top or wall cladding, which has proper solubility at near neutral pH (approximately 7.5), arises when exposed to atmospheric moisture for extended These fibers are easily degraded. The use of these fibers as outer roof or wall cladding is therefore less suitable unless specific measures are taken to minimize this problem.

There is a need to provide a pipe top or wall cladding made of MMVF fibers capable of good physiological solubility under the respective test conditions but with a low probability of degradation when exposed to ambient moisture.

In accordance with the present invention we provide pipes or outer roof or wall cladding which are bonded MMVF mats, wherein the fibers are made from a composition comprising, by weight of oxides:

SiO ₂ 32-48%

Al ₂ O ₃ 10-18%

CaO 10-30%

MgO 2-20%

FeO 2-15%

Na ₂ O+K ₂ O 0-6%

TiO ₂ 0-6%

Other ingredients 0-15%

And the composition has a viscosity of 10-70 poise at 1400°C and a fiber dissolution rate of at least 20 nm/day when measured at pH 4.5 (method disclosed in WO96/14274). Preferably, they are relatively insoluble at pH 7.5.

The invention includes MMVF cladding mats per se, their use as exterior walls or roof cladding in buildings and building elements on the exterior of buildings, as well as buildings or building elements comprising said MMVF mats. The invention includes the use of the pipe as an insulated pipe.

The building or building component typically comprises a metal, timber or other frame onto which the MMVF felt is secured in place so that it is used on the exterior of the building. The building may be a whole building, but the invention also includes building components, such as roof structures or wall structures. For example, the roof or wall structure may constitute the entire roof or wall of a building or several such structures (each containing multiple mats) are assembled together to form the roof or wall.

A substantially complete or impermeable coating is often provided on the outer surface of the blanket mat immediately after manufacture (ie, before leaving the manufacturing plant) or prior to installation on a building component or building. This protective coating can be a water-resistant material such as linoleum, or it can be a foil or decorative material such as paint. Even if the coating is not applied prior to assembly, building components or felt exterior surfaces of buildings often have coatings. For example, the roof can be coated with roof cloth, asphalt, planks, vlies, foil or solar elements. The top plate should preferably be rigid enough to allow a person to walk on it. The wall cladding can be coated with plaster (organic or inorganic), cement, paint, polyurethane, roof cloth, foil (eg aluminium), glass or solar elements.

A cladding mat according to the invention is a very high density MMVF mat, typically 500-2000 kg/m3, usually 700-1200 kg/m3. The high density product is usually provided with a paint coating or other substantially impermeable or entire surface covering. Other batts of the present invention may have lower densities than this batt and may be roof or wall panels of conventional construction.

The blanket mats of the invention generally have a density of at least 50 kg/m3, usually at least 70 kg/m3 and typically up to 500 kg/m3. Mats with different densities can be stacked on top of each other when used, with high-density mats usually placed on the outer layer.

Preferred cladding products of the present invention have a multi-density structure, usually a dual-density structure, in use where the MMVF layer on the exterior of the building has a higher density and is integral with the rest of the MMVF batt . For example, typically the outer layer has a density of at least 60 kg/m3 and preferably at least 70 kg/m3 or 80 kg/m3 and is often at least 20 kg/m3 higher than the density of the underlying layer, more preferably It is common to be at least 50 kg/m3 high. The high density outer layer is usually at least 5mm thick, often 10-40mm thick, and typically comprises 2-30% of the total thickness of the MMVF felt, more commonly 3-15% or 20%.

The cladding mats are usually square or rectangular plates, but they can also be of other more complex shapes, especially when they form part of the roof. The thickness of the felt is usually 10-500mm. Thicker mats are stiffer and supplied as boards, but some thinner mats, such as building panels or siding, are sometimes supplied as board rolls.

The cladding felt and pipe are usually bonded by conventional phenolic or other adhesives, typically at 1-5%, often 2-4%, by weight of the felt.

Water-resistant materials may additionally be included in the cladding mat and pipe during manufacture in a conventional manner, for example oil may be included to improve water resistance. The total loss on ignition of the felt is usually 2% or 3%, up to 5% or 6%.

The felt can be made by any known conventional technique for making felts of the desired structure, suitably made and used for descriptions of the outer MMVF wall and top cladding and pipe fittings can be found in EP133083, 277500, 420837, 435942, 518964, 521058、560878、590098和654100、GB1027799和2223248、DK155163和DK-U3-9200033、DE-U1-29616962、DE4143387、4319340和4432866以及WO94/16162、94/16163、94/16164和95/20708和WO89/ 07731, WO89/07733, WO96/37728 and WO97/01060. All of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.

The fibers may be substantially parallel to the outer surface of the mat or the fibers may be substantially perpendicular to the surface of the mat, so the product may be of the conventional type, known as layered mat or board.

The outer top cladding may have a conventional roof plate shape or other top cladding structure and typically has a density of 100-400, preferably 100-200 kg/m3 and a thickness of 10-500, typically 10-300 mm.

Single-ply roofs typically have a density of 100-300 kg/m3 and a thickness of 10-300 mm. Instead of using a single layer, it is also possible to use several layers, one on top of the other, for example layered felts can be combined with conventional felts, but preferably the outer layers have the highest density and/or For layered felt.

A preferred top cladding is formed from double density felt. The density of the bottom layer may be 60-200 kg/m3 and the top layer is usually at least 50 kg/m3 or higher and usually 200-400 kg/m3. The thickness of the bottom layer is at least 15 mm and the thickness of the top layer is 100-300 mm. The maximum total thickness is usually 350mm.

Wall cladding can be of two types. The first type is commonly known as building panels. Another type of wall cladding is generally known as laminated plates. The wall cladding usually has a density of 50-400 kg/m3, usually 50-200 kg/m3, more usually 50-150 kg/m3. For example, building panels have a density of 70-150 kg/m3, while laminated panels have a density of 50-100 or 150 kg/m3. Their thickness is typically 10-300 mm, usually 10-200 mm.

Laminated boards can have a lower density than conventional single-layer boards. In addition, laminated boards are resistant to wind effects (peel strength), which is a problem with conventional single-layer boards having the same density. Laminar boards typically have an impermeable skin such as wood, foil, top felt or other substantially impermeable board-like material.

Typical building panels have a width of 20 cm or more, eg 60 cm, and typically have a length of 1-2 meters (eg 1.2 metres), but may also be a roll (eg 10 metres). The top plate is usually more than 50 cm wide (eg 60 cm or 120 cm, up to 150 cm) and its length may be greater (eg 90 cm to 300 cm, eg 180 cm or 140 cm).

Fittings are typically used for outer or inner pipe heating insulation, cooling insulation or condensation insulation and pipe installation. The thickness and shape of the condensing insulation should be designed to condense vapor on the outer surface of the pipe and/or allow condensed vapor to exit the pipe to prevent corrosion of the pipe (see EP739470, WO94/05947, EP528936, WO97/16676).

Tubes may be covered with impermeable aluminum foil or board, aluminum-clad paper, metal sheet, such as steel plate, preferably plated metal; covered with anti-corrosion plastic film or coating, top felt, or woven or non-woven fiberglass mat or cloth cover. Alternatively the pipe can be covered with tarpaulin, paint, plastic foil, ie PVC, cardboard or paper. Covering material can be impregnated with bitumen for weather resistance.

Covering materials may be fire resistant.

Usually the density of the pipe is 40-400 kg/m3, preferably 60-300 kg/m3. The pipe may include a support ring, which is a part of insulating material. Fittings can be made of two types of cotton, one for the tube and a denser one for the support ring. The purpose of these support rings is to protect the cooling pipes from condensation and the heat pipes from heat loss. The pipe support ring usually has a density of 150-400 kg/m3, preferably 250-350 kg/m3, more preferably around 300 kg/m3. Cotton for other pipes typically has a density of 40-200 kg/m3, preferably 60-180 kg/m3.

In the present invention, preferred contents of SiO ₂ , MgO, CaO, FeO, alkali, TiO ₂ and other components as well as preferred viscosities and dissolution rates (at pH 4.5 and pH 7.5) are described in WO96/14454 and in WO 96/14274 and can be found therein. The preferred amount of Al ₂ O ₃ is 14-18%, preferably not more than 17.5%.

The following are examples of suitable compositions. combination SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ TiO ₂ FeO CaO MgO Na ₂ O K ₂ O Sintering temperature Viscosity 1400℃ Dissolution rate pH4.5nm/day h 44.7 15.8 1.2 4.8 17.7 11.7 3.2 0.6 900 twenty two 59 I 44.1 17.7 1.5 6.0 16.5 11.6 1.3 1.3 900 twenty one 56 J 42.9 16.6 1.7 6.3 16.8 9.6 5.2 0.8 >1000 25 twenty two K 45.5 16.2 1.9 6.8 15.8 11.8 1.9 0.3 1.000 20 25 L 44.9 15.7 1.8 6.7 20.3 7.9 2.4 0.3 1.000 twenty one 34 m 37.7 16.8 1.5 14.3 15.7 10.4 3.3 0.3 >1000 11 47

Claims (9)

1. Bonded MMVF mats for use as outer roof or wall cladding or pipes, wherein the fibers are made from the composition comprising, by weight of oxides: SiO ₂ 30-48% Al ₂ O ₃ 10-18% CaO 10-30% MgO 2-20% FeO 2-15% Na ₂ O+K ₂ O 0-6% TiO ₂ 0-6% Other ingredients 0-15% And the composition has a viscosity of 10-70 poise at 1400°C and a fiber dissolution rate of at least 20 nm/day when measured at pH 4.5. 2. A felt according to claim 1 which has a protective coating on the outer surface. 3. Mat for use as outer roof or wall cladding according to claim 1 or 2, having a density of 500-2000 kg/m3. 4. A batt for use as an outer roof or wall cladding according to any one of the preceding claims, having a dual density structure. 5. A felt according to claim 1 or 2 which is a pipe comprising an insulating ring of relatively high density. 6. Use of the bonded MMVF mat according to any one of claims 1-4 as outer roof or wall cladding. 7. A building or building component comprising a felt as claimed in any one of claims 1-4. 8. Use of the felt as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5 as inner or outer pipe fittings or fittings. 9. Pipe insulated with a pipe element as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5.