CN1266614C - Method for quickening logic block mapping speed in Flash file system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度的方法，可提高查找数据块的速度。数据块的状态表项区中保存逻辑块与数据块的映射信息，数据块的数据区中保存与其映射的逻辑块的内容。包括：建立一个由表项组成的反向映射表，一个表项对应一个逻辑块；在系统初始化过程中，将数据块状态表项区中记录的映射信息，按逻辑块号与表项间的对应关系读取到各表项中；读取某逻辑块时，以其逻辑块号作为表项索引查找反向映射表，定位到表项，根据表项中记录的映射信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块；写入某逻辑块时，将更新数据写入一新数据块的空白数据区中和将该逻辑块与新数据块间的映射信息写入状态表项区中，同时更新反向映射表相应表项的映射信息。
The invention relates to a method for accelerating the mapping speed of logic blocks in a Flash file system, which can increase the speed of searching data blocks. The state entry area of the data block stores the mapping information between the logic block and the data block, and the data area of the data block stores the content of the logic block mapped thereto. Including: establishing a reverse mapping table composed of entries, one entry corresponds to one logical block; during the system initialization process, the mapping information recorded in the data block state entry area is recorded according to the relationship between the logical block number and the entry The corresponding relationship is read into each table item; when reading a certain logic block, use its logical block number as the table item index to look up the reverse mapping table, locate the table item, and according to the mapping information recorded in the table item, in the Flash storage device The data block is found in the data block; when writing a certain logic block, write the update data into the blank data area of a new data block and write the mapping information between the logic block and the new data block into the state entry area, and update The mapping information of the corresponding entry in the reverse mapping table.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及Flash文件系统的一种数据管理技术，更确切地说是涉及一种在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度的方法，用于解决在Flash文件系统中查找逻辑块对应的数据块、以便进行数据块的快速定位。The present invention relates to a kind of data management technique of Flash file system, relate to a kind of method that speeds up logical block mapping speed in Flash file system more precisely, be used for solving the data block corresponding to search logical block in Flash file system, In order to quickly locate the data block.
背景技术Background technique
文件管理系统为了方便对存储硬件进行管理，通常将管理对象划分为若干个逻辑块(扇区)，以逻辑块为最小单位进行所有的操作，和要求存储硬件的接口驱动程序提供逻辑块读、写函数。In order to facilitate the management of storage hardware, the file management system usually divides the management object into several logical blocks (sectors), performs all operations with the logical block as the smallest unit, and requires the interface driver of the storage hardware to provide logical block read, write function.
快闪存储(Flash)器件是一种非易失性器件，被写入的内容可以在断电的情况下长时间保存。但是，Flash的存储单元只能够进行一次写操作，如果想在其上同一位置再次写入新的内容，就必须先进行擦除操作。擦除操作是以擦除块为单位进行的，一般来说擦除块的单位比较大，为了改写一个逻辑块而擦除该逻辑块所在的整个擦除块显然是不现实的。A flash memory (Flash) device is a non-volatile device, and the written content can be saved for a long time when the power is turned off. However, the storage unit of Flash can only be written once, and if you want to write new content again at the same position on it, you must first perform an erase operation. The erase operation is performed in units of erase blocks. Generally speaking, the unit of erase blocks is relatively large. It is obviously unrealistic to erase the entire erase block where the logic block is located in order to rewrite a logic block.
目前，Flash文件管理系统将擦除块进一步划分为若干个与逻辑块大小相同的数据块，采用动态改变逻辑块与数据块映射关系的方式实现逻辑块的改写操作。其具体过程是：当需要改写某一个逻辑块时，先为这个逻辑块分配一个没有进行过写入操作的数据块，在该新的数据块中写入改写数据，同时更改逻辑块与新的数据块间的映射关系，并将旧数据块的状态项标记为无效，此后会在适当时候，对标记为无效的数据块进行统一的回收(擦除)操作，使这些数据块重新可用。At present, the Flash file management system further divides the erase block into several data blocks with the same size as the logical block, and realizes the rewriting operation of the logical block by dynamically changing the mapping relationship between the logical block and the data block. The specific process is: when a certain logic block needs to be rewritten, first allocate a data block that has not been written to this logic block, write and rewrite data in the new data block, and change the logic block and the new data block at the same time. The mapping relationship between the data blocks, and mark the status items of the old data blocks as invalid, and then perform a unified recovery (erase) operation on the marked invalid data blocks at an appropriate time to make these data blocks available again.
为了保证逻辑块与数据块的映射关系在掉电时也不丢失，通常将映射关系记录在Flash中；同样为了便于数据块的分配、回收操作，还将映射关系分散记录在整个Flash区域中，即为每一个数据块分配一个额外的区域-数据块标志区(也可称作数据块状态表项区，或映射表)，用于记录与它对应的逻辑块索引值。In order to ensure that the mapping relationship between the logic block and the data block is not lost when the power is turned off, the mapping relationship is usually recorded in the Flash; also in order to facilitate the allocation and recycling of the data block, the mapping relationship is also recorded in the entire Flash area. That is, each data block is allocated an additional area-data block flag area (also called a data block state entry area, or a mapping table), which is used to record its corresponding logical block index value.
Flash文件系统为了得到与某个逻辑块对应的数据块位置，必须采用一定的操作流程先得到它们间的映射关系。目前的Flash文件管理系统是采用顺序查询的方式进行查找的。即每次读写一个逻辑块时，都需要从Flash存储空间的首地址或者上次查找结果处开始扫描整个Flash器件的数据块标志(状态表项)。要查找的逻辑块索引值是已知的，通过不断地比较数据块状态表项中的逻辑块索引值与要查找的逻辑块索引值，直到查找到与这个要查找的逻辑块索引值映射的数据块为止。In order to obtain the data block location corresponding to a certain logic block, the Flash file system must first obtain the mapping relationship between them through a certain operation process. The current Flash file management system uses a sequential query method to search. That is, each time when reading and writing a logical block, it is necessary to scan the data block flag (status entry) of the entire Flash device from the first address of the Flash storage space or the last search result. The logical block index value to be searched is known, by continuously comparing the logical block index value in the data block state entry with the logical block index value to be searched, until the logical block index value mapped to the searched logical block index value is found data block.
参见图1，图中说明了Flash文件系统逻辑块与数据块的映射关系及其查找过程。图中空心箭头10上方所示为写逻辑块n前的数据块与逻辑块的映射关系，空心箭头10下方所示为写逻辑块n后的数据块与逻辑块的映射关系。数据块m标志、...、数据块i标志、数据块j标志、...、数据块i标志，是在Flash中为相应数据块分配的额外区域-数据块标志区(状态表项区)，即与逻辑块的映射表，用于记录与数据块对应的逻辑块索引值，数据块标志区中记录本数据块的状态，包括空白、旧数据、新数据(也可如图中所示称作有效数据)等。如在改写逻辑块n前，数据块m标志记录了逻辑块n索引值，箭头11所指是经扫描数据块标志区，找到与数据块m映射的逻辑块n。改写逻辑块n时，由于数据块i标志是空白状态，将修改数据写入数据块i的数据区，同时在数据块i标志区记录逻辑块n索引值和新数据的标志，箭头12所指是经扫描数据块标志区，找到与数据块i映射的逻辑块n。当然还需将数据块m标志为无效(图中未示出)。Referring to FIG. 1 , the mapping relationship between logical blocks and data blocks in the Flash file system and the search process are illustrated in the figure. The upper part of the
由上述过程可知，由于每次对逻辑块的操作都需要进行数据块与逻辑块间索引值的查找操作，因此平均查找时间很长。尤其是当映射关系不存在时(即这个逻辑块从没有写入过值，没有任何数据块与这个逻辑块对应)，需要查找整个Flash空间才能返回结果，造成了操作时延和CPU资源的浪费，特别是在实时操作系统中，由于CPU还要执行其它更重要的任务，因此这种浪费就更不能容忍了。It can be seen from the above process that since each operation on the logic block needs to search for the index value between the data block and the logic block, the average search time is very long. Especially when the mapping relationship does not exist (that is, this logic block has never written a value, and there is no data block corresponding to this logic block), it is necessary to search the entire Flash space to return the result, resulting in operation delay and waste of CPU resources. , especially in a real-time operating system, since the CPU has to perform other more important tasks, this waste is even more intolerable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度的方法，通过采用一种新的数据块与逻辑块间映射关系的查询方法，从而提高查找数据块的速度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that quickens logical block mapping speed in Flash file system, by adopting a kind of query method of the mapping relationship between data block and logical block, thereby improve the speed of searching data block.
实现本发明目的的技术方案是这样的：一种在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度的方法，在Flash存储器件中，将一逻辑块与一数据块的映射信息保存在该数据块的状态表项区中，将与该数据块映射的逻辑块的内容保存在该数据块的数据区中，其特征在于还包括：The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is such: a kind of method that accelerates logical block mapping speed in Flash file system, in Flash storage device, the mapping information of a logical block and a data block is preserved in the state of this data block In the table item area, the content of the logical block mapped with the data block is stored in the data area of the data block, which is characterized in that it also includes:
A.建立一个反向映射表，在反向映射表中为每个逻辑块分配一个对应表项；A. Establish a reverse mapping table, assign a corresponding entry for each logical block in the reverse mapping table;
B.在系统初始化过程中，读取全部数据块的状态表项区，将各数据块状态表项区中记录的逻辑块与数据块的映射信息，按逻辑块号与反向映射表表项间的一一对应关系重建到反向映射表各表项中；B. During the system initialization process, read the state entry area of all data blocks, and map the logical block and data block mapping information recorded in the state entry area of each data block according to the logical block number and reverse mapping table entry Reconstruct the one-to-one correspondence between each entry in the reverse mapping table;
C.在读取某逻辑块时，以其逻辑块号作为表项索引查找反向映射表，定位到与该逻辑块号对应的表项，根据该表项中记录的与数据块的映射信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块；C. When reading a logical block, use its logical block number as the entry index to search the reverse mapping table, locate the entry corresponding to the logical block number, and according to the mapping information recorded in the entry and the data block , finding the data block in the Flash storage device;
D.在写入某逻辑块时，将更新数据写入一新数据块的空白数据区中和将该新数据块与该逻辑块间的映射信息写入该新数据块的状态表项区中，同时在反向映射表该逻辑块的表项中记录该逻辑块与新数据块的映射信息，在与该逻辑块有映射关系的原数据块状态表项区中将原数据块的状态置为旧数据。D. When writing a logical block, write the update data into the blank data area of a new data block and write the mapping information between the new data block and the logical block into the state entry area of the new data block At the same time, record the mapping information between the logical block and the new data block in the entry of the logical block in the reverse mapping table, and set the state of the original data block in the state entry area of the original data block that has a mapping relationship with the logical block for old data.
所述反向映射表的各表项是根据逻辑块索引值进行排列的。The entries of the reverse mapping table are arranged according to the logic block index value.
所述的反向映射表是建立在Flash文件系统的内存中。The reverse mapping table is established in the memory of the Flash file system.
现有技术中，已经将数据块与逻辑块的映射信息保存在Flash中，而且分散记录在每个数据块的状态表项区(或称标志区域或映射表，用于记录数据区的数据状态和数据块与逻辑块的映射信息)中，当逻辑块与数据块间的映射关系发生了变化时，将在新数据块的状态表项区记载其与逻辑块间的新的映射关系。本发明方法通过在内存中建立一个反向映射表(因为是从逻辑块查找数据块，相对于现有技术的从数据块查找逻辑块的顺序是反向的，故称作反向映射)，是根据数据块状态表项中记录的逻辑块索引值(数据块与逻辑块的映射关系)建立起反向映射表的相应表项，且该反向映射表与数据块的状态表项同步更新，因而反向映射表中记录了数据块的定位信息，并且反向映射表使用逻辑块号作为索引值，即作为查询反向映射表的关键值。读逻辑块时，先在反向索引表中找到与逻辑块号相对应的表项，根据表项中记载的数据块定位信息可找到数据块。In the prior art, the mapping information of data blocks and logical blocks has been stored in Flash, and is dispersedly recorded in the state entry area (or flag area or mapping table) of each data block, which is used to record the data state of the data area and mapping information between data blocks and logical blocks), when the mapping relationship between logical blocks and data blocks changes, the new mapping relationship between the new data block and the logical block will be recorded in the state entry area of the new data block. The method of the present invention is by setting up a reverse mapping table in internal memory (because is to search data block from logical block, with respect to the order of searching logical block from data block of prior art is reverse, so be called reverse mapping), The corresponding entry of the reverse mapping table is established according to the logical block index value (the mapping relationship between the data block and the logical block) recorded in the data block state entry, and the reverse mapping table is updated synchronously with the state entry of the data block , so the location information of the data block is recorded in the reverse mapping table, and the reverse mapping table uses the logical block number as an index value, that is, as a key value for querying the reverse mapping table. When reading a logical block, first find the table entry corresponding to the logical block number in the reverse index table, and then find the data block according to the data block location information recorded in the table entry.
本发明可在保证映射信息断电不丢失的前提下，提高查找数据块的速度。The invention can increase the speed of searching data blocks under the premise of ensuring that the mapping information is not lost when the power is off.
本发明方法实现简单，可有效提高查找数据块的速度，从而提高CPU的使用效率。The method of the invention is simple to implement, can effectively improve the speed of searching data blocks, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the CPU.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有技术中Flash文件系统逻辑块与数据块映射关系及查找过程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mapping relationship between logical blocks and data blocks of the Flash file system and the search process in the prior art;
图2是采用反向映射表时，查找逻辑块的过程示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of finding a logical block when the reverse mapping table is used.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明方法，通过在内存中增加一个反向映射表，可以在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度，从而改进系统的性能。在这种方式下，反向映射表中为每个逻辑块分配了一个表项，并使用逻辑块号进行索引。The method of the invention can speed up the logical block mapping speed in the Flash file system by adding a reverse mapping table in the memory, thereby improving the performance of the system. In this manner, an entry is assigned to each logical block in the reverse mapping table, and the logical block number is used for indexing.
参见图2，图中描述了本发明采用反向映射表的工作原理。图中空心箭头20上方所示是改写逻辑块n前的数据块、逻辑块与反向映射表中表项的映射关系及查找逻辑块n的过程，空心箭头20下方所示为改写逻辑块n后的数据块、逻辑块与反向映射表中表项的映射关系及查找逻辑块n的过程。空心箭头20表示改写逻辑块n时，需要同时更新Flash中的映射关系(数据块标志区或数据块状态表项区或映射表)和反向映射表中的映射关系。Referring to Fig. 2, the working principle of the present invention using the reverse mapping table is described in the figure. The upper part of the hollow arrow 20 in the figure shows the mapping relationship between the data block before rewriting the logical block n, the logical block and the entry in the reverse mapping table, and the process of finding the logical block n, and the lower part of the hollow arrow 20 shows the rewriting of the logical block n The mapping relationship between the subsequent data blocks, logical blocks and entries in the reverse mapping table and the process of finding logical block n. The hollow arrow 20 indicates that when rewriting the logical block n, the mapping relationship in the Flash (data block flag area or data block state entry area or mapping table) and the mapping relationship in the reverse mapping table need to be updated simultaneously.
反向映射表的初始建立过程发生在每次系统启动时，系统扫描整个Flash器件，根据数据块状态表项区中记录的逻辑块索引值建立反向映射表中的相应表项。反向映射表中为每个逻辑块：逻辑块0，...，逻辑块n分配了一个表项：表项0，...，表项n，即逻辑块与反向映射表的表项成一一对应关系，因此反向映射表可使用逻辑块号进行索引。The initial establishment process of the reverse mapping table occurs every time the system is started, the system scans the entire Flash device, and establishes the corresponding entries in the reverse mapping table according to the logical block index value recorded in the data block status entry area. Each logical block in the reverse mapping table: logical block 0, ..., logical block n is assigned an entry: entry 0, ..., entry n, that is, the table of logical blocks and the reverse mapping table Items have a one-to-one correspondence, so the reverse mapping table can be indexed using logical block numbers.
反向映射表建立以后，在系统软件运行过程中，每次查找某个逻辑块索引对应的数据块时，可以简单地在反向映射表中进行查找，由于反向映射表已经根据逻辑块索引值进行了排列，因此查找过程的定位是非常快的。当发生了逻辑块写操作和回收操作，逻辑块与数据块的对应关系发生变化后，不但要在Flash存储器件的数据块状态表项中记录新的映射关系(如现有技术那样)，而且也要同时修改反向映射表中的相应表项，保持映射关系为最新。After the reverse mapping table is established, during the running of the system software, each time you look up the data block corresponding to a certain logical block index, you can simply search in the reverse mapping table, because the reverse mapping table has been based on the logical block index The values are arranged so that the positioning of the lookup process is very fast. When logical block write operation and reclaiming operation have taken place, after the corresponding relation of logical block and data block changes, not only will record new mapping relation (as prior art) in the data block state entry of Flash storage device, and The corresponding entry in the reverse mapping table should also be modified at the same time to keep the mapping relationship up-to-date.
如图中所示，例如Flash存储器件为数据块5分配了状态表项区和数据区，数据块5已经与逻辑块n关联，用虚线21表示(根据现有技术中已经使用的映射关系)，数据块5的数据区中记录着逻辑块n的内容，其状态表项中记录着逻辑块n的索引值，可以不使用反向映射表，通过扫描整个Flash存储器件的数据块标志，直到找到与数据块5映射的逻辑块(如现有技术那样)。As shown in the figure, for example, the Flash storage device allocates a state entry area and a data area for the data block 5, and the data block 5 has been associated with the logical block n, represented by a dotted line 21 (according to the mapping relationship that has been used in the prior art) , the content of logical block n is recorded in the data area of data block 5, and the index value of logical block n is recorded in its state table entry. It is not necessary to use the reverse mapping table, but by scanning the data block flags of the entire Flash storage device until Find the logical block that maps to data block 5 (as in the prior art).
当根据本发明方法使用反向映射表时，如前所述是在系统初始化过程中，读取所有数据块对应的状态表项，使用数据块定位信息(指物理位置信息)和数据块状态表项中的逻辑块索引值重建位于内存中的反向映射表，则反向映射表中的表项n对应了数据块5。When using the reverse mapping table according to the method of the present invention, as mentioned above, in the system initialization process, read the corresponding state entries of all data blocks, use the data block location information (refer to the physical location information) and the data block state table The logical block index value in the entry rebuilds the reverse mapping table located in the memory, and then the entry n in the reverse mapping table corresponds to data block 5.
当读取逻辑块n时，首先查找反向映射表，定位到表项n，如图中实线22所示，根据表项n中记录的数据块定位信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块5，如图中实线23所示，就可返回数据块5数据区中的内容。When reading logical block n, first look up the reverse mapping table and locate the entry n, as shown by the solid line 22 in the figure, according to the data block location information recorded in the entry n, find the data in the Flash storage device Block 5, as shown by the solid line 23 in the figure, can return the content in the data area of data block 5.
写入逻辑块n时，首先获得一个新的可用数据块，因数据块3的状态指示是空白，故将数据块3作为新的可用的数据块，将要更新的数据先写入数据块3的数据区，在数据块3的状态表项中写入逻辑块n的索引，并且使数据块5的状态标志为无效数据(旧数据)。此时在Flash存储器件状态表项区保存的映射关系中，逻辑块n已经和数据块3相对应了，如图中虚线26所示。同时，需要在反向映射表中更新表项n，即在表项n中记录数据块3的定位信息，至此，写入逻辑块n的过程完成，逻辑块n映射到数据块3，而数据块5被丢弃。此后若要读取逻辑块n，首先查找反向映射表，定位到表项n，如图中实线27所示，根据表项n中记录的数据块定位信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块3，如图中实线28所示，就可返回数据块3数据区中的内容。When writing logic block n, first obtain a new available data block, because the status indication of data block 3 is blank, so use data block 3 as a new available data block, and write the data to be updated into data block 3 first In the data area, the index of logical block n is written in the state entry of data block 3, and the state flag of data block 5 is invalid data (old data). At this time, in the mapping relationship stored in the state entry area of the Flash storage device, the logic block n has already corresponded to the data block 3, as shown by the dotted line 26 in the figure. At the same time, entry n needs to be updated in the reverse mapping table, that is, the location information of data block 3 is recorded in entry n. At this point, the process of writing logical block n is completed, logical block n is mapped to data block 3, and data Block 5 is discarded. Afterwards, if you want to read logical block n, first look up the reverse mapping table and locate the entry n, as shown by the solid line 27 in the figure, according to the data block location information recorded in the entry n, find it in the Flash storage device The data block 3, as shown by the solid line 28 in the figure, can return the content in the data area of the data block 3.
图中实线24、25分别是在读取逻辑块0、逻辑块2时，通过查找反向映射表，定位到表项0、表项2，再根据表项0、表项2中记录的数据块定位信息，在Flash存储器件中查找到数据块1、数据块n。The solid lines 24 and 25 in the figure are when reading logical block 0 and logical block 2 respectively, by looking up the reverse mapping table to locate entry 0 and entry 2, and then according to the records recorded in entry 0 and entry 2 Data block location information, find data block 1 and data block n in the Flash storage device.
需要说明的是：虚线21、26所指是不使用反向映射表时，通过扫描数据块找到与数据块映射的逻辑块，采用本发明方法进行查找时，其映射关系存在但不使用。It should be noted that dotted lines 21 and 26 indicate that when the reverse mapping table is not used, the logical block mapped to the data block is found by scanning the data block. When the method of the present invention is used to search, the mapping relationship exists but is not used.
本发明的在Flash文件系统中加快逻辑块映射速度的方法，通过在内存中建立逻辑块与数据块索引关系的反向映射表，并使用逻辑块号作为查询反向映射表中表项的索引值；随着系统软件的运行，当逻辑块与数据块间的对应关系发生变化时，不仅要在Flash存储器件的数据块状态表项中记录新的数据块与逻辑块间的映射关系，而且还要同时修改记录在反向映射表相应表项中的逻辑块与新数据块间的映射关系。由于反向映射表是根据逻辑块索引值进行排列的，因而利用其定位数据块的查找过程是非常快的，因而解决了在Flash文件系统中，查找与逻辑块对应的数据块时的快速定位问题。The method for speeding up the logical block mapping speed in the Flash file system of the present invention is to establish the reverse mapping table of the logical block and data block index relationship in the memory, and use the logical block number as the index of querying the entry in the reverse mapping table value; with the operation of the system software, when the corresponding relationship between the logic block and the data block changes, not only the mapping relationship between the new data block and the logic block should be recorded in the data block state entry of the Flash storage device, but also At the same time, the mapping relationship between the logical block recorded in the corresponding entry of the reverse mapping table and the new data block should be modified. Since the reverse mapping table is arranged according to the logical block index value, the search process of using it to locate the data block is very fast, thus solving the problem of fast positioning when searching for the data block corresponding to the logical block in the Flash file system question.
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| CN114253934B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2025-03-18 | 福建新大陆支付技术有限公司 | A method for reducing the failure rate of RTOS platform file system and storage medium thereof |
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| CN104063186A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-24 | 成都万维图新信息技术有限公司 | Data access method of electronic equipment |
| CN104063186B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-04-06 | 成都万维图新信息技术有限公司 | A kind of data access method of electronic equipment |
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