CN1263950C - Actuating and generating device for vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a starter and power generating device for a vehicle that can be arranged at one end of the crankshaft without lengthening the crankshaft. There is a brushless motor (44), a control device (3) phase driver (104), a rotor sensor (56), a power generation control device (regulator (52)); the rotor (15) of the brushless motor (44) One end connected to the crankshaft (12) has a starting coil (51) and a generating coil (50) in the stator; the control device converts the battery voltage into AC power and supplies it to the starting coil (51) of the brushless motor (44), The power generation control device supplies an induced electromotive force generated in a power generation coil (50) of a brushless motor (44) to an electric load.

Description

Starter and generator for vehicle

technical field

The present invention relates to a starter and generator for a vehicle which is integrated with a starter for an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle and a generator, in particular to a starter and generator for a vehicle which is directly connected to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine.

Background technique

In the starter and generator device used in the existing internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as "engine"), as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-148142, a starter coil and a generator coil are arranged on the starter of the motor, and when starting, the The battery supplies power to the starter coil through the brush mechanism, and the motor is used as a starter to turn the crankshaft, which is directly connected to the rotor, to start the engine.

On the other hand, the commutator of the motor and the brush are in contact with the governor mechanism. After the engine is started, when the engine speed increases and the rotor reaches a specified speed, the governor mechanism will act under the action of its centrifugal force and break Open the contact between the above-mentioned commutator piece and the brush mechanism. Therefore, after that, the motor functions as a generator, and the electromotive force generated in the generator coil is supplied to the electric load and the battery.

In the conventional starter-generator described above, it is necessary to ensure a space for installing the governor mechanism and the brush mechanism in the axial direction on the crankshaft, which makes the crankshaft longer. In addition, in a four-stroke engine in which a camshaft is provided on a cylinder head, a drive mechanism for the camshaft may be disposed on the crankshaft, and in this case, the crankshaft must also be extended. When an automatic transmission mechanism is to be provided at the end of the crankshaft, the crankshaft must necessarily become longer. Therefore, if a starter and power generator is used in a vehicle equipped with a four-stroke engine, and an automatic transmission mechanism is provided at the end of the crankshaft, the crankshaft will become longer.

On the other hand, in order to suppress the length of the crankshaft, when the above-mentioned governor mechanism, brush mechanism, camshaft drive mechanism, automatic transmission mechanism, etc. are arranged close to each other, it is not possible to secure an angle sensor on the crankshaft for detecting its rotation angle. space.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a starter and generator for a vehicle, which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can be arranged at one end of the crankshaft without extending the crankshaft.

In order to achieve the above object, the vehicle starter and power generation device of the present invention is suitable for a swing power device, and the swing power device is provided with a continuously variable transmission device and a centrifugal clutch at one end side of the crankshaft of a four-stroke engine; There is a brushless motor on the side, and a control device is provided to control the starting and power generation of the engine by the above-mentioned brushless motor; the stator of the above-mentioned brushless motor is arranged around the rotor, and the above-mentioned rotor is arranged with a plurality of permanent magnets on its outer peripheral surface. The internal rotor magnet type; it is characterized in that: it has a rotor sensor and a control device, the rotor sensor is used to detect the magnetic force of the permanent magnet arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned rotor, and the control device judges the rotation angle of the rotor according to the output signal of the above-mentioned rotor sensor According to the judgment result, the power supply to the above-mentioned starting coil is controlled, and the control device for controlling the power supply to the above-mentioned starting coil has a control mechanism for controlling the starting torque of the brushless motor according to the output signal of the throttle sensor that detects the throttle opening; according to The output signal of the above-mentioned rotor sensor controls the ignition of the engine.

According to the above features, since the vehicle starter and generator can be constituted by a single brushless motor, the speed governor mechanism and the brush mechanism are unnecessary, and the occupied area of the vehicle starter and generator on the crankshaft in the axial direction can be reduced. (length). Therefore, even if the vehicle starter and generator is directly connected to the crankshaft, the crankshaft portion can be suppressed from protruding in the crankshaft direction, and as a result, the vehicle width can be reduced and the vehicle can be lightened in weight.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a swing-type power plant including a starter-generator device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the periphery of the starter and generator of the swing type power plant and its vicinity.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view near the engine cylinder head of the swing power unit.

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view near the automatic transmission (drive unit) of the swing power unit.

Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view near the automatic transmission (driven part) of the swing power unit.

Fig. 6 is a side view of a motorcycle using a starter-generator device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a control system of the starter and generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 6 is an overall side view of a motorcycle equipped with a starter-generator device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The front part 2 of the vehicle body is connected to the rear part 3 of the vehicle body through the floor part 4 at a lower position, and the frame of the vehicle body is formed by a frame including a down pipe 6 and a main pipe 7 . A fuel tank and a storage tank (both not shown in the figure) are supported by a main pipe 7, and a vehicle seat 8 is arranged above it. The seat 8 can also be used as a lid of a trunk provided under the seat 8, and the trunk can be freely opened and closed by a hinge mechanism provided at the front part FR.

In the front part 2 of the vehicle body, a steering head 5 is provided on the down tube 6, and the front fork 12 is pivotally supported by the steering head 5. A steering handle 11A is attached to the upper end of the front fork 12A extending upward, and a front wheel 13A is pivotally supported on the lower end. The upper portion of the steering handle 11A is covered by a steering handle cover 33 which also serves as a dashboard.

A connecting member (suspension device) 37 is rotatably pivotally supported on the way of the main pipe 7, and the swing type power unit 17 is connected to and supported by the main pipe 7 by the suspension device 37 in a swingable manner. A single-cylinder four-stroke engine 200 is mounted on the front portion of the swing-type power unit 17 . A belt-type continuously variable transmission 35 is formed from the engine 200 to the rear, and a speed reduction mechanism 38 is provided at the rear portion via a centrifugal clutch, and the rear wheel 21 is pivotally supported by the speed reduction mechanism 38 . The rear shock absorber 22 is installed between the upper end of the reduction mechanism 38 and the upper bent portion of the main pipe 7 . An intake pipe 23 extending from a cylinder head 32 of the engine 200 is connected to the front of the swing power unit 17 , and a carburetor 24 and an air cleaner 25 connected to the carburetor 24 are arranged on the intake pipe 23 .

A base end of a pedal arm 28 is fixed to a pedal shaft 27 protruding from a transmission case cover 36 of a belt-type continuously variable transmission 35 , and a pedal pedal 29 is provided at the front end of the pedal arm 28 . The main support 26 is installed on the pivot 18 that is arranged on the bottom of the swing type power unit casing 31, and the main support 26 is erected when parking (shown by a dotted line in the figure).

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the above-mentioned swing type power unit 17, showing the cross-sectional structure of the plane A-A of the above-mentioned FIG. 6 . As described in detail below with reference to FIGS. The driving part 300 and the driven part 400.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of the starter-generator 100 and the crankshaft portion. A crankshaft 12 is rotatably supported by main bearings 10 and 11 in a swing power unit case 31 , and a connecting rod 14 is connected to the crankshaft 12 via a crank pin 13 . An inner rotor 15 of a brushless motor 44 serving as a main part of the starter generator 100 is provided on one end side of the crankshaft 12 protruding from the crank chamber 9 . The inner rotor 15 is fixed to one end of the crankshaft 12 by a bolt 20 together with a flange member 39 .

Permanent magnets 19 are fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the inner rotor 15 . The permanent magnets 19 are, for example, neodymium-iron-boron systems, and are arranged at six positions at equal angular intervals around the crankshaft 12 . The stator core 48 of the outer stator 47 disposed on the outer periphery of the inner rotor 15 is fixed to the swing type power unit case 31 . The generator coil 50 and the starter coil 51 are wound around the yoke 49 a of the stator core 49 .

A cooling fan 57 is attached to the brush member 39 , and a radiator 58 is provided to face the cooling fan 57 . A sprocket 59 is fixed to the crankshaft 12 between the inner rotor 15 and the main bearing 11 , and a chain 60 is wound around the sprocket 59 to obtain power for driving a camshaft (not shown) from the crankshaft 12 . The sprocket 59 is integrated with a gear 61 for transmitting power to a pump that circulates lubricating oil.

The base plate 55 is fixed parallel to the crankshaft 12 by screws 41 on the inner side of one end side surface 31a of the swing type power unit case 31, and a rotor sensor 56 is provided on the inner surface of the base plate 55. The permanent magnet 19 on the outer peripheral surface. The rotor sensor 56 is configured as described later with reference to FIG. 7 , wherein a plurality (three in this embodiment) of Hall elements are arranged coaxially with the inner rotor 15 in an arc shape with a predetermined gap.

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing the structure around the cylinder head of the above-mentioned engine 200 . A piston 63 arranged in the air 62 is connected to the small end side of the connecting rod 14 through a piston pin 64 . A spark plug 65 is screwed to the cylinder head 32 , and its electrode part faces a combustion chamber formed between the head of the piston 63 and the cylinder head 32 . The cylinder 62 is surrounded by a water jacket 66 .

Above the cylinder 62 in the cylinder head 32, a camshaft 69 rotatably supported by bearings 67 and 68 is provided. A connecting member 70 is fitted to the camshaft 69 , and a cam sprocket 72 and a reluctance distribution head 72 a that generates a cam pulse in relation to the cam sensor 155 are fastened together by bolts 71 on the connection member 70 . The chain 60 is wound around the cam sprocket 72 . The rotation of the sprocket 59 (see FIG. 1 ), that is, the rotation of the crankshaft 12 , is transmitted to the camshaft 69 by the chain 60 .

A rocker 73 is provided on the upper portion of the camshaft 69 , and the rocker 73 rocks corresponding to the cam shape of the camshaft 69 as the camshaft 69 rotates. Exhaust and intake cams are integrally formed on the camshaft 69 , and adjacent to these cams are provided a decompression cam 98 which engages the camshaft 69 only in the reverse direction. The decompression cam 98 rotates to a position more protruding than the outer peripheral shape of the exhaust cam following the rotation of the camshaft 69 when the camshaft 69 reverses direction.

Therefore, when the camshaft 69 rotates forward, the exhaust valve 96 can be slightly lifted to reduce the load on the engine during the compression process. In this way, the torque when starting the crankshaft can be reduced, so a small device can be used as a starter for a four-stroke engine. As a result, the circumference of the crank becomes compact, and there is an advantage that the inclination angle can be increased. By rotating the cam forward slightly, the profile of the decompression cam 98 returns to the outer peripheral shape of the exhaust cam.

A pump chamber 76 surrounded by a water pump base 74 and a water pump housing 75 is formed in the cylinder head 32 . A pump shaft 78 having an impeller 77 is arranged in the pump chamber 76 . The pump shaft 78 is fitted to an end portion of the camshaft 69 and is rotatably held by a bearing 79 . The driving force of the pump shaft 78 is obtained by a pin 80 engaged in the center of the cam sprocket 72 .

An air needle reed valve 94 is provided on the cylinder cover 81 . The air needle reed valve 94 draws in air when negative pressure is created in the exhaust pipe, improving discharge. Sealing members are provided at many places around the pump chamber 76, and individual descriptions are omitted here.

4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of an automatic shifting portion of an automatic transmission that transmits the rotational speed of the engine 200 to the rear wheels. FIG. 4 is the driving side, and FIG. 5 is the driven side.

In FIG. 4 , a pulley 83 around which a V-belt 82 is wound is provided at the end of the crankshaft 12 opposite to the side where the inner rotor 15 of the starter-generator 100 is provided. The pulley 83 is composed of a fixed pulley piece 83a and a movable pulley piece 83b. The fixed pulley piece 83a fixes the rotational direction and axial movement relative to the crankshaft 12, and the movable pulley piece 83b can slide freely in the axial direction relative to the crankshaft 12.

The holding plate 84 is attached to the back surface of the movable sheave piece 83b, that is, the surface not in contact with the V-belt 82 . The holding plate 84 rotates integrally with respect to the crankshaft 12 while restricting movement in both the rotational direction and the axial direction. A space surrounded by the holding plate 84 and the movable pulley piece 83b forms a chamber for accommodating the roller 85 serving as the weight of the centrifugal governor.

On the other hand, the clutch mechanism for transmitting power to the rear wheel 21 is configured as follows. In FIG. 5 , a main shaft 125 of the clutch is supported by a bearing 127 fitted to a case 126 and a bearing 129 fitted to a gear case 128 . A fixed pulley piece 132 a of a pulley 132 is supported by bearings 130 and 131 on the main shaft 125 . A cup-shaped clutch plate 134 is fixed at the end of the main shaft 125 by a nut 133 .

The movable pulley piece 132b of the pulley 132 is provided on the sleeve 135 of the fixed pulley piece 132a so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the main shaft 125 . The movable pulley piece 132b is engaged with the disc 136 so as to be integrally rotatable around the main shaft 125 . A compression coil spring 137 is provided between the disk 136 and the movable pulley piece 132b to apply a reaction force in the direction of expanding the distance between them. In addition, a friction shoe 139 is provided on the disc 136 so as to be swingably supported by a pin 138 . The friction shoe 139 swings toward the outer periphery by the centrifugal force when the rotational speed of the disc 136 increases, and contacts the inner periphery of the clutch plate 134 . The spring 140 is arranged so that the friction shoe 139 contacts the clutch plate 134 when the disc 136 reaches a prescribed rotational speed.

A pinion gear 141 is fixed to the main shaft 125 , and the pinion gear 141 meshes with a gear 143 fixed to the idle shaft 142 . A pinion 144 fixed to the idle shaft 142 meshes with a gear 146 of the output shaft 145 . The rear wheel 21 is composed of a rim 21a and a tire 21b fitted around the rim 21a, and the rim 21a is fixed to the output shaft 145 described above.

In the above configuration, when the engine speed is minimum, the roller 85 is located at the position shown by the solid line in FIG. At the solid line position of , the V-belt 82 is wound around the largest diameter portion of the pulley 132 . In this state, since the main shaft 125 of the centrifugal clutch rotates at the minimum speed, the centrifugal force exerted on the disc 136 is minimum, and the friction shoe 139 is pulled inward by the spring 140, so it does not contact the clutch plate 134. That is, the rotation of the engine is not transmitted to the main shaft 125, and the wheels 21 do not rotate.

When the engine speed is high, the roller 85 is displaced to the outer peripheral direction under the action of centrifugal force. The position shown by the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 4 is the position of the roller 85 at the maximum rotational speed. When the roller 85 deviates in the outer peripheral direction, the movable pulley 83b is pushed to the side of the fixed pulley 83a, so the V-belt 82 moves to the position close to the maximum diameter of the pulley 83 . Thus, on the centrifugal clutch side, the movable pulley piece 132b is biased against the compression coil spring 137, and the V-belt 82 moves to the position near the smallest diameter of the pulley 132. Therefore, the centrifugal force applied to the disc 136 increases, and the friction shoe 139 protrudes outward against the spring 140 and comes into contact with the clutch plate 134 . As a result, the rotational force of the engine is transmitted to the main shaft 125, which transmits power to the wheels 21 through the gear train. In this manner, the diameters of the pulley 83 on the crankshaft 12 side and the V-belt 82 on the centrifugal clutch side relative to the pulley 132 vary in accordance with the rotational speed of the engine, thereby producing a shifting action.

As described above, when the engine is started, the starter coil 51 is energized to generate potential energy to the engine. However, in this embodiment, a kick starter for starting the engine 200 by pedaling is used together. Next, the kick starting device will be described further with reference to FIG. 4 . A driven claw gear 86 for kick starting is fixed to the back surface of the above-mentioned fixed pulley 83a. On the other hand, on the cover 36 side, a support shaft 88 having a helical gear 87 is rotatably supported. On the end surface of the support shaft 88 is formed a driving dog gear 90 which meshes with the above-mentioned driven dog gear 86 .

A pedal shaft 27 is rotatably supported on the cover 36 , and a sector-shaped helical gear 91 meshing with the above-mentioned helical gear 87 is welded to the pedal shaft 27 . A spline is formed at an end portion of the kick shaft 27 , that is, a portion protruding outside from the cover 36 , and the spline is engaged with a spline provided on the kick arm 28 (see FIG. 6 ). Symbol 92,93 is back-moving spring.

In the above configuration, when the kick pedal 29 is depressed, the kick shaft 27 and the sector helical gear 91 are rotated against the return spring 93 . For the helical gear 88 and the helical sector gear 91 , mutual twist directions are set so that when the helical sector gear 91 is rotated by depressing the pedal, a thrust force that presses the support shaft 87 is generated in the pulley 83 . Therefore, when the kick pedal 29 is depressed, the supporting shaft 87 is shifted to the pulley 83 side, and the driving dog gear 90 formed on the end surface of the cover 89 meshes with the driven dog gear 86. As a result, the crankshaft 12 rotates, and the engine 200 start possible. When the engine is started, the pedal 29 that is loosened is stepped on, and the sector helical gear 91 is reversed by the return springs 92, 93, and the engagement of the driving dog gear 90 and the driven dog gear 86 is released.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the control system of the above-mentioned starter and generator 100, and the same symbols as above indicate the same or equivalent parts.

The control device 40 includes a DC-DC converter 102, an ignition control device 103, and a three-phase driver 104. The DC-DC converter 102 converts the output voltage VBATT of the battery 42 into a logic voltage VDD and supplies it to the CPU 101. The ignition control device 103 The 3-phase driver 104 converts the battery voltage VBATT into 3-phase AC power and supplies it to the starter coil 51 of the brushless motor 44 by controlling the power supply to the IG coil 54 and igniting the spark plug 65 at a predetermined timing.

The throttle sensor 53 detects the throttle opening θth and notifies the CPU 101 . The rotor sensor 56 is composed of, for example, three Hall elements 56 a , 56 b , and 56 c , detects the rotational position of the inner rotor 15 as the positions of six permanent magnets 19 provided on its outer peripheral surface, and notifies the CPU 101 . The regulator 52 controls the induced current generated in the generator coil 50 in accordance with the rotation of the inner rotor 15 to a battery voltage VBATT, and supplies it to the power supply line L.

In such a configuration, when the engine is started, the CPU 101 determines the excitation timing of the starter coil 51 based on the rotational position of the inner rotor 15 detected by the rotor sensor 56, controls the switching timing of each power FET of the 3-phase driver 104, and sends a signal to the starter coil 51. Each phase of the AC power supply.

Each power FET of the three-phase driver 104 is PWM-controlled by the CPU 101 , and its duty cycle, that is, the starting torque of the brushless motor 44 is controlled based on the throttle opening θth detected by the throttle sensor 53 .

On the other hand, when the engine 200 is started and reaches a predetermined rotational speed, the power supply to the starter coil 51 by the three-phase driver 104 is stopped, and the brushless motor 44 is driven by the engine this time. At this time, an electromotive force is generated in the generator coil 50 of the brushless motor 44 corresponding to the rotational speed of the crankshaft 12 . This electromotive force is controlled by the regulator 52 to be the battery voltage VBATT, and then supplied to an electric load while charging the battery with surplus electric power.

As mentioned above, in this embodiment, a brushless motor is used as the generator motor of the starter and generator, and the brush mechanism and the governor mechanism are eliminated, so the overall length of the crankshaft 12 can be shortened, and the amount of time to mount it on the upper surface can be reduced. the width of the vehicle.

In addition, the result detected by the rotor sensor 56 for detecting the rotor position of the brushless motor 44 is used to determine the crank angle, so the crank sensor for detecting the crank angle is not required, and the crankshaft 12 can be shortened.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.

(1) The brushless motor is used as the generator motor of the starter and generator, and the brush mechanism and governor mechanism are abolished, so the overall length of the crankshaft can be shortened compared with the prior art, and the vehicle width at the crankshaft can be reduced and reduce vehicle weight.

(2) The result detected by the rotor sensor for detecting the rotor position of the brushless motor is used to determine the crank angle, so the crank sensor for detecting the crank angle is not required, and the crank shaft can be shortened.

Claims (2)

1. an actuating and generating device for vehicles is applicable to oscillating power device, and this oscillating power device is at the bent axle one distolateral stepless speed changes devices and the centrifugal clutch of being provided with of four stroke engine; Have a brushless motor in that another of above-mentioned bent axle is distolateral, be provided with the control gear of the above-mentioned brushless motor of control the starting and the generating of motor; The stator arrangement of above-mentioned brushless motor is around rotor, and above-mentioned rotor is for disposing the inner rotator magnet-type of a plurality of permanent magnets at its outer circumferential face; It is characterized in that: have rotor sensor and control gear, this rotor sensor is used to detect the permanent magnet magnetic force that is disposed at above-mentioned rotor outer circumferential face, this control gear is judged the angle of revolution of rotor according to the output signal of above-mentioned rotor sensor, according to the power supply of judged result control to above-mentioned actuating coil, control possesses the control mechanism of controlling the starting torque of brushless motor according to the output signal of the throttle sensor that detects throttle opening to the control gear of the power supply of above-mentioned actuating coil; Control the igniting of motor according to the output signal of above-mentioned rotor sensor.

2. actuating and generating device for vehicles as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the inboard of oscillating power device casing, with bent axle fixing base abreast, place rotor sensor on aforesaid substrate.

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