CN1246080A - Method and device for crushing bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for comminuting bulk material. A rotor (4) with a striking device (5) is arranged in the grinding chamber of the device and is surrounded by a screen (6) which has several deflecting elements (7,9) on its surface (6 a). The grinding process is characterized by pulsation, whereby the direction in which the material is fed to and from the percussion device is alternated, which separates fines from the total flow.

Description

The method and apparatus that is used for fragmenting bulk materials

The present invention relates to be used for army provisions mixes and mixes industry and abrasive dust industry and be used for the method and apparatus of fragmenting bulk materials, particularly cereal.

A large amount of abrasive dust devices are known, there, are enclosed in the whole circumference, perhaps only are the local rotors that has percussion device that is surrounded by sieve, are disposed in the housing.These abrasive dust devices have been arranged, and material just can be infeeded in the machining area, is promptly infeeded percussion device and one and surrounds in the zone between the surface, inside (sieve, bump dividing plate) of the chamber of rotor, and size takes place there reduce.Because percussion device directly pulverize material bed in move, so abrasive dust work is subjected to the domination of tribology principle.After all, can cause the size of particle too to reduce so significantly, undue energy consumption and the wearing and tearing of the intensity of percussion device and rotor.

The device of the above-mentioned type from DE 1,250 721 as can be known.It discloses a kind of bump grinder, there, the impact component of rotation in phase the friction tooth plate in the sieve cage that is arranged between the sieve plate or the bump tooth plate work.If adopt the embodiment as shown in Figure 4 that is combined with a both arms bump cross and three friction tooth plates, energy consumption will be king-sized.

GB 1,411 085 discloses a kind of bump grinder, and there, because the specific pyramidal structure of Rotor terminal, the material flow that infeeds the grinding machine unit room is affected.Like this, the excessive wearing and tearing of rotor can reduce.

The objective of the invention is, reduce the energy consumption during the abrasive dust; Increase the uniformity of granular finished product and the life-span of increase workpiece and sieve.

Apparatus of the present invention comprise a housing that has import and outlet, and bump rotor and one have the sieve that several deflecting elements surround the bump rotor.Deflecting plates on the sieve periphery is arranged in distance identical with percussion device or different distances.The surface of deflecting element is smooth and has with respect to radially being the inclination angle of 20-80 degree; The minimum range that they and rotor separate is not more than by the abrasive grains diameter.

Deflecting element is arranged with respect to the rotational orientation of radial skew by them, that is to say, they can center on a pivot on sieve surface and rotate towards the direction on the described surface of sieve or along opposite direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, deflecting element forms leg-of-mutton prism along radial arrangement, and two prismatic sides point to sieve.

Deflecting element is adjustable along the periphery of sieve.The sections of the experience wear of sieve make deflecting element make it can reach sieve uniform wear during operation, because can be capped like this along the selection of the periphery slip of sieve surface.

When employing had the sieve of the difference perforation sections of alternately arranging, operation element that can also be by making prism shape was along the slide sections of the same perforations that covers sieve of sieve surface.Like this, the granularity of finished product can be determined in advance.

The operation that reduces of abrasive dust in the shown device or size in the above occurs in the working region between the percussion device of deflecting element and rotor; It is based on so-called bump principle.Along with infeeding to percussion device of material flow at every turn, the material that suspends can be subjected to once clashing into.Like this, grain flow is divided into coarse grain and particulate.The coarse grain that has kinetic energy directly flies to next percussion device.On the contrary, the particulate that has little kinetic energy owing to the influence that is subjected to the air-flow that rotor produces center on described rotor fly and continue they along the moving of punch chamber surface, leave unit room.Like this, fine fraction is separated, and the mutual bump with the next percussion device of rotor does not take place.This is infeeded in material flow will have pulse characteristic after the unit room, and have infeed to send out repeatedly replacing of percussion device.

In addition, should be pointed out that the efficient of this method will increase if material is supplied with rotor with certain angle.This angle is with respect to radially changing in the scope of 20-80 degree.

Below, illustrate in greater detail the present invention by accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 1 is vertical schematic diagram of bump grinder;

Fig. 2,2a are the horizontal schematic diagrames that utilizes the deflecting element of radial arrangement;

Fig. 3 is the top view that has the sieve of different perforation sections;

Fig. 4 is the horizontal schematic diagram of grinding machine, adopts adjustable deflecting element simultaneously;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram with sieve details of adjustable deflection element.

Beater type mill among Fig. 1 comprises a housing 1 that has an import 2 and an outlet 3.The rotor 4 that has percussion device 5 is installed in the housing 1.Rotor is surrounded by sieve 6, is arranging the deflecting element 7,9 of several preferably triangular-sections on the surperficial 6a of sieve.On its periphery, sieve 6 is divided into several sieve sections by deflecting element 7,9, and deflecting element inwardly points to rotor and comprises the smooth operating surface that tilts along the rotation direction of rotor from sieve.Like this, be from the 20-80 degree with respect to the excursion of radially inclined angle alpha, and be not less than the particle diameter of initial material in percussion device 5 ends to the distance h between the end of deflecting element 7,9.

Fig. 2 and 2a show the radial structure of the deflecting element 9 that has side, and it has formed the triangular prism with respect to the inside sensing of sieve 6 or its surperficial 6a.

Fig. 3 shows sieve 6, and it has the sections A and the B that have different perforation that alternately arranges, and simultaneously, triangular prism is covered with the sections that equates perforation.

Fig. 4 shows the regulated layout of deflecting element 7, and Fig. 5 shows the rotation direction of deflecting element 7 pivot 80 on the surperficial 6a that is arranged in sieve 6, towards with carry sieve 6.The rotation direction of rotor 4 can be clockwise, also can be anticlockwise.

Along the periphery of sieve 6, deflecting element 7,9 is arranged on the annulus 10 slidably; Can be specifically with reference to Fig. 2 a.

The following work of grinding machine:

Initial material (as yet not the cereal that reduces of size) is infeeded rotor 4 through import 2 from both sides, because action of centrifugal force, be pushed on the surperficial 6a of sieve or push away (see figure 2) on the sections S at the sieve that is defined by two deflecting elements 7 or 9 afterwards along the rotor path of bending.Should be pointed out that in rotor 4 initial material is owing to be exposed to percussion device 5, the result is partly reduced size.Between the moving period of its sieve 6 in Fig. 4, material reaches the smooth inclined surface of deflecting element 7, changes its direction of motion, thereby is subjected to the once bump of the percussion device 5 of rotor 4.When material and percussion device 5 bumped against, it was ground into the particle of various sizes, because the result of the inertia that they are subjected to during clashing into and reach the next sections S of the sieve after deflecting element 7 along the rotation direction of rotor 4.Along the surperficial 6a of sieve between moving period, because the result of centrifugal force and the air-flow that produced by rotor, the separation different according to size takes place in material.Those particles in the hole by sieve 6 are transferred out Beater type mill as discharging product (finished product) by outlet 3.Thicker particle and some have little time will reach the next deflecting element 7 that is positioned at the material movement direction by the smaller particles of sieve.

Then, except the material flow that comprises the various sizes particle beyond the apparent motion of arrangement for deflecting 7,9, below be and the foregoing description similar methods.Coarse granule with big kinetic energy storage will leave one to have with respect to the surface of an angle in 20-80 degree scope radially and run into the once bump of rotor 4 in free flight.Fine particle with less energy turns to around deflecting element 7,9, therefore reaches the next sections S of sieve, and does not clash into.Granule reaches the surperficial 6a that is right after the sieve after deflecting element 7,9, and the described surperficial 6a of bulky grain bump sieve, and further backward in direction of rotation.Like this, tiny particle is along the surperficial 6a of the sieve long distance of travelling, until with the motion next time of deflecting element 7,9 till, that is to say that they have increased by the possibility of sieve perforation.Simultaneously, thicker particle only temporarily contacts with the surperficial 6a of sieve, therefore helps the minimizing of its wearing and tearing.

Subsequently at every turn by deflecting element 7,9 reduce size mass transport all different with conveying formerly, it is because the particle of the size that requires constantly removes by the hole of sieve 6, the amount of material is in minimizing constantly.

The method that reduces the particle size of bulk materials relies on following principle:

1. the size that is infeeded initial material (cereal the granular completely) particle of the inner space of rotor 4 tentatively reduces, and accelerates to the speed of a qualification in addition simultaneously;

2. the particle that stands tentatively to reduce size further is transported on the sieve 6 with the angle of a qualification with a default speed;

3. material moves along the sieve 6 that surrounds rotor 4 or its surperficial 6a, the separation of simultaneous thin and under the influence of the tilted deflecting element 7 that is arranged in sieve 6 places size reduce infeeding of not enough part so that further clash into by percussion device;

4. size reduces the circulation that infeeds that still not enough part repeats, and promptly transports to rotor 4, and its size reduces and be delivered to the surperficial 6a of sieve.

In addition, the size of bump grinder reduces principle and is based on the direct interaction that need not rotor 4 and sieve 6 reducing size, and this is reflected at energy consumption and reduces life-span increase aspect with percussion device.

The perforated surface that should be pointed out that unit room will separate necessary distance with rotor, suffers the bump by material so that prevent rotor.

If material infeeds rotor with certain angle, the efficient of this method will be maximum so.This angle must be in the scope with respect to radially 20-80 degree.

Label list 1 housing 2; 3 imports and outlet 4 rotors 5 percussion devices 6 sieve 6a sieve surfaces 7; 9 deflecting elements, 8 motor 10 ring 80 deflecting elements at sieve periphery place to the pivot A machining area G size reduction material h deflecting element of sieve surface between the percussion device of rotor apart from S sieve sections α deflecting element with respect to radially inclination angle P1, P2 illustrate material towards with the angle to rotor from two arrow Z centrifugal force β decision material supplies of percussion device deflection

Claims (13)

1. device that is used to reduce the bulk materials size, it comprises the housing (1) and the rotor (4) that have import and outlet (2,3), the whole periphery of this rotor or only its part surrounded by a sieve (6), it is characterized in that, arranging deflecting element (7,9) on the sieve.

2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, deflecting element (7) is positioned to can be with respect to radially rotating.

3. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the pivot (80) that deflecting element (7) can be centered around on the sieve surface (6a) rotates towards the direction of sieve surface (6a) or opposite direction.

4. as a described device in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that deflecting element (7) comprises a smooth operating surface, the inclined angle alpha that this surface had is in the scope with respect to radially 20-80 degree.

5. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, deflecting element (9) radial arrangement forms a triangular prism, and two side points to sieve (6).

6. a described device in the claim as described above is characterized in that the distance between the percussion device (5) of deflecting element (7,9) and rotor (4) is not less than the diameter of initial material particles.

7. as a described device among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that deflecting element (7,9) is arranged slidably along the periphery of sieve (6).

8. as the described device of claim 1,5 or 7, it is characterized in that sieve (6) comprises the sections with different perforation.

9. as the described device of claim 5,7 and 8, it is characterized in that the side of triangular prism is covered with the sections with same perforations.

10. device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, deflecting element (7,9) is slidably along the ring (10) at sieve surface (6a) periphery place.

11. one kind as described above the described bump of in the claim grind and the deflection grinding machine.

12. a method that is used to reduce the particle size of bulk materials is characterized in that,

A) with a predetermined angle β and with default speed will stand that preliminary dimension reduces

The grain supply is on sieve (6);

B) material moves along sieve, the separation of simultaneous thin and at deflecting element

Size reduces infeeding of not enough part under the influence of (7,9), so that by the bump dress

Put further bump;

C) size reduces still not enough part and repeatedly repeatedly infeeds to rotor (4) and follow

Ring reduces its size and flows to sieve surface (6a) again.

13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, angle beta can change in the scope with respect to radially 20-80 degree.

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