CN1245172A - 制造头孢菌素的方法 - Google Patents
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- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D501/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D501/14—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7
- C07D501/16—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7 with a double bond between positions 2 and 3
- C07D501/20—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids
- C07D501/24—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms or hetero rings, attached in position 3
- C07D501/26—Methylene radicals, substituted by oxygen atoms; Lactones thereof with the 2-carboxyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D501/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
通过3-羟甲基头孢菌素与四氟硼酸二氧碳鎓的反应,而使头孢菌素3位上的羟甲基醚化来制造所需的头孢菌素的方法。
Description
本专利申请是中国专利申请号为94117486.7、申请日为1994年10月21日、发明名称为《头孢菌素的制备方法》的中国专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及使头孢菌素3位的羟甲基醚化的方法。
文献中描述的已知方法有例如:在Lewis酸存在下使7-氨基头孢菌素酸(7-ACA)与醇、硼醇三烷基酯、原甲酸三烷基酯或二甲氧基甲烷反应。然而在这些方法中,式I化合物的收率和纯度都很低,而且要使用通常为大量过量的、对生态环境有害的Lewis酸。
在EP 0262744中,7-ACA或其被保护的形式在过量Lewis酸(如SbCl5,BiCl3,FeCl3或ZnCl2)的存在下与醇反应生成7-氨基-3-烷氧基甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸,但收率很低。用硼酸三烷基酯或原甲酸三烷基酯代替醇并且使用上述催化剂仅使收率稍有提高(EP 0343926)。
AT 384222(EP 0204657)所述的7-ACA与BF3/甲醇在环丁砜中的反应需要大量过量的BF3和高的反应温度,只能低收率地获得质量很差的7-氨基-3-甲氧基甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸(7-AMCA)。日本专利申请63/115887描述了一种变通的方法:再加入剧毒的氟磺酸,但对该方法并无决定性改进。
如果使用其它催化剂,如硫酸、甲磺酸(JP59/163387)或三氟甲磺酸(EP0442385),则式I化合物的收率仅为50%左右。
被护7-ACA衍生物的反应见述于例如专利申请57/192392和DE3244457中。此处,也只能以中等的收率获得适当被护的式化合物。而且还需要增加步骤来分别对原料化合物和最终产物保护和去保护。根据AT303955(GB1241657)所述,如果用被护4-卤甲基化合物作原料化合物来生产适当被护的3-烷氧基甲基化合物则收率更低。
AT 306240(GB1241656)所述的方法是从羧基和氨基均被保护起来的7-氨基-3-羟甲基-3-头孢烯-3-羧酸开始,然后在BF3/乙醚化物存在下用重氮甲烷将羟甲基官能团甲基化,从工业安全的角度来看这是有害的。
我们惊奇地发现,用四氟硼酸二氧碳鎓(dioxycarberium-tetrafluoroborate)来醚化头孢菌素3位的羟甲基基团能够克服先有技术方法的缺陷。因此,本发明的一个方面是提供通过使3-羟甲基头孢菌素与四氟硼酸二氧碳鎓反应而使头孢菌素3位的羟甲基醚化的方法。
本发明的另一方面是提供式I化合物的生产方法,它包括使式II化合物在溶剂中与式III化合物反应。式I,II和III如下:式中R代表烷基或芳基。
本发明方法制得的头孢菌素是生产头孢菌素的有用的中间体。
R例如代表烷基,像C1-8烷基,例如C1-6烷基,尤其是甲基或乙基;带有芳环的烷基,像苄基或苯乙基;或芳基,例如:不超过10个碳原子的芳基,像苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基。所述基团可以是取代或未取代的,例如被在反应条件下为惰性的基团例如卤素、硝基、烷氧基(其中烷基部分具有1-6个碳原子)取代。在本发明的一个实例中R代表烷基:而在另一实例中R是未取代的。
烷基和芳基是例如那些能对类头孢菌素如Cefpodoxine proxetil或J.Antib。45(4)(1992)p.535-537所述化合物产生有利作用的烷基和芳基。
本发明方法可通过将式II化合物悬浮于溶剂中,然后加入预先分离的或就地生成的式III化合物溶液而实施。添加时的温度和反应过程中的温度尤其取决于式III化合物的反应活性。优选-40°到+30℃的温度范围。式III化合物的用量例如为当量,但优选过量。例如,对于每摩尔式II原料化合物,使用1.2-5当量的式III化合物。含式III化合物溶液的添加可一次加入、分多次或连续地在数小时内加入。在本发明的另一变通的方法中,也可预先制好含式III化合物的溶液,而式II化合物以固体或悬浮液的形式加入。反应完全后,可以用例如下述方法分离式I化合物:将反应混合物引入水或冰水混合物中,然后加入稀释的无机或有机碱,优选氨、苛性碱溶液或三乙胺,使式I化合物沉淀下来;或者将反应混合物与过量的乙醇混合,然后加入有机碱如三乙胺使式I化合物沉淀下来,再用例如过滤的方法分离出沉淀物。
在式III化合物的生产及其与式II化合物的反应过程中可用的溶剂可以是有机羧酸的酯,例如甲酸甲酯或甲酸乙酯;碳酸的酯,例如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二丙酯;硝基烷烃,例如硝基甲烷;氯代烃,例如二氯甲烷;和环丁砜;二甲基亚砜或所述稀释剂的混合物。在本发明的一个实例中,使用了环丁砜与甲酸甲酯或甲酸乙酯的混合物。在向式II化合物中引入烷基的又一实例中,使用了烷基与欲引入的烷基相同的甲酸烷基酯与环丁砜的混合物。
尽管本发明方法至此都是相对于式II和III化合物而言的,但应当理解,该方法也可用任何3-羟基甲基头孢菌素和四氟硼酸二氧碳鎓来实施。
在本发明方法中,收率比文献中所述方法的收率高得多。此外,与文献所述方法相比,本发明的反应可在中温或低温下进行。特别是可通过选择适宜的反应条件来避免生成不期望的副产物,而所述副产物出现在文献所述方法中,对产物质量产生不利影响或者使随后的产物纯化变得复杂。例如,在所述7-ACA的酸催化反应中都出现这样一个严重的问题,即生成能降低产品质量和收率的内酯。令人惊异的是,本发明方法成功地抑制了内酯的生成。而且,本发明方法具有重要的生态学和经济学方面的优点,因为式III化合物只需稍许过量,因而只需稍许过量的BF3。
通过乙酰基的化学或酶裂解,可从7-ACA高收率地制得II化合物;或者简单地从脱乙酰基-头孢菌素C出发,裂解7位上的侧链后制得式II化合物。
式III化合物的制备方法文献已有描述,可通过使BF3与适当取代的原甲酯反应来进行。例如,使BF3/乙醚化物与原甲酸三乙酯反应便可得到四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳鎓。用二氯甲烷将初始生成的油状四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳翁蒸煮数次,在低温下最终分离出白色固体状所需产品。这样式III化合物可以纯物质的形式得到分离。
正如文献所述的制备四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳翁的方法那样,BF3是以BF3/乙醚化物溶液的形式使用的,其原因之一是这样操作起来更简单。但是,也有可能使用BF3在其它溶剂中的溶液,优选在上述溶剂之一中的溶液,并使其与相应的原甲酸酯反应生成式III化合物。必要时,在反应通过加入适当的溶剂使式III化合物沉淀,按文献所述方法在适当溶剂中蒸煮进行纯化。用来进行沉淀和蒸煮的较好的溶剂是氯代烃、线型烷烃如正己烷或其混合物。
下述实施例用来更充分地说明本发明,其中所有温度均是摄氏度。
实施例1
用分离的四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳鎓制备7-氨基-3-甲氧基甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸。
将20g 7-氨基-3-羟甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸悬浮于甲酸甲酯和环丁砜中,使浓度为10%(W/V)。冷却至-20℃后,加入46ml5mol/ml的四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳鎓的甲酸甲酯溶液。然后于-25℃搅拌1小时。随后升温至-15℃,将反应液搅拌12小时。反应完成后,用300ml冷甲醇稀释反应混合物,加入三乙胺将溶液的pH值调至3.5。过滤分离沉淀产物,用甲醇洗涤并真空干燥。
产量:16.5g(理论值的77.8%)
产物中7-ACA-内酯含量为0.2%。
实施例2
用就地生成的四氟硼酸二甲氧基碳鎓制备7-氨基-3-甲氧基甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸
将30g BF3/甲酸甲酯配合物冷却至-20℃,与10.5ml原甲酸三甲酯混合。然后加入冷的10g 7-氨基-3-羟甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸在甲酸甲酯和环丁砜中的悬浮液。将反应液加热至-3℃,在该温度下搅拌12小时,直至反应完成。然后,将反应液倒入冰水混合物中,加入氨水使pH为3.5。过滤分离沉淀产物,用冷水和甲醇洗涤,真空干燥。
产量:6.5g(理论值的61.3%)
产物中7-ACA-内酯的含量为0.4%
实施例3
用分离的四氟硼酸二乙氧基碳鎓制备7-氨基-3-乙氧基甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸。
将20g 7-氨基-3-羟甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸悬浮于甲酸甲酯和环丁砜中,使浓度为11%(W/V)。冷却至-20℃后,加入53ml4.8mol/ml的四氟硼酸二乙氧基碳鎓的甲酸乙酯溶液。然后于-25℃搅拌1小时。随后升温至+11℃,反应完成后,将反应混合物倒入冷水中,加入氨水将反应液的pH值调至3.5。过滤分离沉淀产物,用冷水和甲醇洗涤并真空干燥。
产量:17.7g(理论值的79.0%)
产物中7-ACA-内酯含量为0.5%。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(i)是在如下所述的一种溶剂中进行,该溶剂是:有机酸酯、硝基烷、氯化烃、四氢噻吩砜成二甲基亚砜。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中步骤(i)是在四氢噻吩砜和甲酸甲酯或甲酸乙酯的混合物中进行。
4.根据权利要求1至3的任一项权利要求的方法,其中步骤(i)是在-40℃至+30℃的温度范围进行。
5.根据权利要求1至3的任一项权利要求的方法,其中在步骤(i)中R是C1-6烷基。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其中在步骤(i)中R是C1-6烷基。
7.根据权利要求5的方法,其中在步骤(i)中R是甲基或乙基。
8.根据权利要求6的方法,其中在步骤(i)中R是甲基或乙基。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0214393A AT401177B (de) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von 7-amino-3-cephem-4-carbonsäure-derivaten |
| ATA2143/93 | 1993-10-22 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94117486A Division CN1050842C (zh) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-10-21 | 头孢菌素的制备方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1245172A true CN1245172A (zh) | 2000-02-23 |
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94117486A Expired - Lifetime CN1050842C (zh) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-10-21 | 头孢菌素的制备方法 |
| CN98126583A Pending CN1245172A (zh) | 1993-10-22 | 1998-12-29 | 制造头孢菌素的方法 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN94117486A Expired - Lifetime CN1050842C (zh) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-10-21 | 头孢菌素的制备方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5597914A (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP0649849B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2875170B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100331251B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN1050842C (zh) |
| AT (2) | AT401177B (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69426006T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0649849T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2151525T3 (zh) |
| GR (1) | GR3034813T3 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT649849E (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG64928A1 (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI0649849T1 (zh) |
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| US20030135041A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-17 | Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited, India | Synthesis of ceftiofur intermediate |
| AR090964A1 (es) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-12-17 | Novartis Ag | Proceso para la elaboracion de undecapeptidos ciclicos |
| WO2017153824A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | Dhanuka Laboratories Ltd. | A process for alkylating the hydroxymethyl group at position -3 of cephalosporins |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1241656A (en) * | 1967-08-21 | 1971-08-04 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cephalosporin compounds |
| GB1241657A (en) * | 1967-08-21 | 1971-08-04 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cephalosporin compounds |
| JPS57192392A (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1982-11-26 | Sankyo Co Ltd | Production of 3-alkoxymethylcephalosporin |
| JPS59163387A (ja) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-14 | Sankyo Co Ltd | 3−アルコキシメチルセフアロスポリンの製造方法 |
| AT384222B (de) * | 1985-06-03 | 1987-10-12 | Biochemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von 7-amino-3alkoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeuren |
| ES2061485T3 (es) * | 1986-10-02 | 1994-12-16 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Procedimiento para la fabricacion de 3-alcoximetilcefalosporinas. |
| JPS63115887A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-20 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 7−アミノ−3−アルコキシメチルセフアロスポリン類の製造方法 |
| JP2612493B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-24 | 1997-05-21 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | 3―置換メチル―3―セフェム―4―カルボン酸類の製造方法 |
| DE4004370A1 (de) * | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-14 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von 7-amino-3-methoxymethyl-ceph-3-em-4-carbonsaeure |
| ATE123286T1 (de) * | 1990-11-07 | 1995-06-15 | Sankyo Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von 3-alkoxymethyl cephalosporinderivate. |
| US5221739A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1993-06-22 | Eli Lilly And Company | Acetylation of 3-hydroxymethyl cephalosporins |
-
1993
- 1993-10-22 AT AT0214393A patent/AT401177B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 US US08/326,578 patent/US5597914A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 EP EP94116660A patent/EP0649849B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 JP JP6256556A patent/JP2875170B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 AT AT94116660T patent/ATE196632T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-21 PT PT94116660T patent/PT649849E/pt unknown
- 1994-10-21 SG SG1996009474A patent/SG64928A1/en unknown
- 1994-10-21 EP EP98124140A patent/EP0908461A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-10-21 CN CN94117486A patent/CN1050842C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 ES ES94116660T patent/ES2151525T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 SI SI9430351T patent/SI0649849T1/xx unknown
- 1994-10-21 DK DK94116660T patent/DK0649849T3/da active
- 1994-10-21 KR KR1019940026936A patent/KR100331251B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-21 DE DE69426006T patent/DE69426006T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-29 CN CN98126583A patent/CN1245172A/zh active Pending
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2000
- 2000-11-10 GR GR20000402500T patent/GR3034813T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR950011449A (ko) | 1995-05-15 |
| ATA214393A (de) | 1995-11-15 |
| DE69426006D1 (de) | 2000-11-02 |
| ATE196632T1 (de) | 2000-10-15 |
| SI0649849T1 (en) | 2001-06-30 |
| SG64928A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 |
| JP2875170B2 (ja) | 1999-03-24 |
| US5597914A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| DK0649849T3 (da) | 2000-12-18 |
| AT401177B (de) | 1996-07-25 |
| JPH07149767A (ja) | 1995-06-13 |
| EP0649849A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| GR3034813T3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| CN1106409A (zh) | 1995-08-09 |
| PT649849E (pt) | 2001-02-28 |
| DE69426006T2 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
| CN1050842C (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
| ES2151525T3 (es) | 2001-01-01 |
| EP0649849B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| EP0908461A1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
| KR100331251B1 (ko) | 2002-11-16 |
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