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CN1242731A - 无纺无机纤维层 - Google Patents

无纺无机纤维层 Download PDF

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CN1242731A
CN1242731A CN98801609A CN98801609A CN1242731A CN 1242731 A CN1242731 A CN 1242731A CN 98801609 A CN98801609 A CN 98801609A CN 98801609 A CN98801609 A CN 98801609A CN 1242731 A CN1242731 A CN 1242731A
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约翰·沃尔特斯
乔斯林·菲茨西蒙斯
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Abstract

无纺无机纤维层(18),其边缘部分(26)的物质比其余部分(28)的物质少。制造这种纤维层的装置包括:液体中的无机纤维浆供源;成形网,其运动通过供源,液体由此流过以便将无机纤维积存在成形网上;沿成形网一部分宽度的遮盖物,用来阻止液体通过成形网到达所述的部分,遮盖效果沿成形网通过纤维浆供源的运动方向变化。制造纤维层的方法包括:使成形网通过液体中的无机纤维浆,在此期间,随着成形网的通过,成形网的一部分宽度被遮盖,遮盖沿成形网通过纤维浆的长度方向变化;促使纤维浆密贴着成形网,使液体通过成形网,由此,无纺无机纤维层被成形,该纤维层沿横向具有不均匀的物质(重量/单位面积)。

Description

无纺无机纤维层
本发明涉及像玻璃纤维层那样的无纺无机纤维层及其生产方法和装置。还涉及无纺无机纤维层在建筑板例如石膏建筑板中的应用。
一种特别有用的建筑板被称为玻璃增强石膏板(GRG)。GRG板及其制造在GB-A-2 053 779中有描述。GRG板一般具有普通的外形，由石膏组成，石膏具有无纺玻璃层(mat)，该玻璃层直接位于石膏的一个或两个主表面的下面。通过振动中心部分的灰浆使该玻璃层进入中心部分，用该玻璃层做上层或下层，使灰浆通过该玻璃层，这样，石膏表面的一层或多层就与中心部分合成一体。GRG板比普通建筑板的强度高，并表现出其优越的阻燃性能。
在GRG板的制造中，一方面需要通过利用较小直径(例如，13μm)纤维的无纺玻璃纤维来提高强度，另一方面需要保证形成的建筑板的石膏浆通过玻璃层时有足够的空气排放，两者之间存在着矛盾；在建筑板的边缘部分存在一个特殊问题，底部层向上并处在建筑板的上表面，形成毛边建筑板的边缘。此处空气排放不充足可能导致切边建筑板边缘部分出现空穴，降低建筑板边缘的强度。
边缘的空穴问题已经通过增加纤维层(mat)的纤维直径得到解决，特别是增加底部层的直径(例如，达到16μm)，使空气排放和石膏浆渗透更容易，但建筑板的强度要降低。然而，已经证明，使用大直径纤维会降低纤维层的强度。减少纤维层的物质(重量/单位面积)，使石膏浆向纤维层的渗透更容易，将导致建筑板的强度出现不可接受的下降。
石膏浆渗入纤维层需要保证足够的时间，这意味着石膏板生产线的流动速度要低于边缘部分的适当更容易地排放空气情况下的速度。
人们一直希望提供一种GRG建筑板，这种建筑板可以以较高的速度制造，通过使用较小直径的纤维和带有少量空穴的边缘部分使其具有高强度。
根据本发明，提供了一种无纺无机纤维层，其物质(重量/单位面积)沿横向变化。
板边缘的物质最好比其余部分的物质少。
根据本发明，还提供了一种无纺无机纤维层的制造方法，该纤维层的物质沿横向变化，其制造方法包括：
使成形网通过液体中的无机纤维浆，同时，成形网的部分宽度随其通过时被遮盖，遮盖沿成形网通过纤维浆的长度方向变化；和
促使纤维浆密贴着成形网，并使所述的液体通过成形网，由此，无纺无机纤维层成形，该纤维层沿横向的物质不均匀(横向指在纤维层上通常垂直于纤维层沿机器的运转方向即机器方向的方向)。
根据本发明，也提供了无纺无机纤维层的制造装置，该纤维层的物质沿横向变化，该装置包括：
液体中的无机纤维浆的供源；
成形网，其运动通过所述的供源，在使用中，所述液体通过成形网，将所述的无机纤维沉淀到成形网上；
横跨成形网宽度的一部分进行遮盖，以阻碍所述液体通过成形网到达所述的部分，遮盖效果沿成形网通过所述供源的运动方向变化。
遮盖分布在成形网的横向部分，该部分与成形板边缘部分一致。
遮盖效果沿成形网的移动方向减少。
遮盖最好是一挡板，该挡板与远离纤维浆供源的成形网表面紧密接触。
最好挡板的有效宽度沿成形网通过纤维浆的方向减小。
本发明还提供了一种粘结板，该粘结板带有一层本发明所述的无纺无机纤维层，该纤维层直接嵌在至少一个表面下面。
最后，本发明还提供了一种粘结板，该粘结板带有一层本发明所述的无纺无机纤维层，该纤维层直接嵌在至少一个表面下面，其中，纤维层对粘结浆的渗透性沿纤维层的横向变化。
下面结合附图通过实施例对本发明进行进一步说明，其中：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的一个倾斜玻璃纤维层的成形装置的透视图；
图2示出了一个挡板，用于本发明的装置和方法；和
图3示出了根据本发明所述的玻璃纤维层横断面图。
图1所示的成形装置包括流动箱10，箱内含似水的切断玻璃纤维浆和普通添加物，液面达到虚线12所指示的高度。玻璃纤维浆通常从底部不断地供给流动箱10。为清楚起见，图1中以透明形式示出，连续成形网14与垂直和水平方向呈一定角度，按图1所示的箭头方向通过流动箱10。玻璃纤维浆通过成形网14吸出，并通过普通泵浆系统进入吸收箱16，在成形网上形成玻璃纤维层18。暂短离开流动箱10以后，成形网14运送纤维层18通过真空头20，将纤维层18中的水份吸出。此时，成形网14上的纤维层18上面附有一层粘着物，将板上的粘着物以通常方法吹干并卷到滚子上。如图1所示，其它滚子和支架都是传统的。
挡板22、22’也可参见图2，它们放入流动箱10，位于成形网14的边缘部分与吸收箱16之间；成形网14横向穿过其表面。通常，挡板22、22’在总体上呈矩形，并带有矩形切口24、24’，切口内(相对成形网14而言)有内圆角。当成形网开始通过吸收箱16时，由于挡板22、22’的存在，在成形网14的由挡板所遮盖的区域，可以防止纤维浆通过成形网14，这样，就不会有玻璃纤维积存在成形网上。当成形网14通过挡板的切口24、24’时，纤维浆通过由挡板事先覆盖的成形网的边缘部分，使玻璃纤维层积存。成形网14的中间部分根本没有被挡板22、22’遮盖，这样，玻璃纤维层积存在吸收箱上面的成形网的整个路径上。
玻璃纤维积存的程度不同，将使纤维层边缘部分26、26’的物质(重量/单位面积)比其中间部分28小。这从图3中可以看到。纤维层边缘部分26、26’的物质可由挡板22、22’的切口24、24’的尺寸和挡板相对吸收箱16的位置加以控制。纤维浆中的纤维浓度、成形网的速度和纤维浆穿过成形网的吸收速度等，像这些因素通常对成形网上的纤维积存均有影响，同样，纤维层的物质也将影响帽形部分18的边缘部分26、26’的物质。
根据本发明所述的玻璃纤维层在GRG板的制造中具有特殊应用，这在GB-A-2 053 779中有描述。通过振动中心部分的灰浆使纤维层进入中心部分，用该纤维层做上层或底层，使灰浆通过该纤维层，这样，石膏的表面一层或多层就与中心部分合成一体。纤维层边缘部分的物质少，可将吸入灰浆中的空气更容易地通过纤维层的边缘部分。这样，避免GRG板的边缘部分形成所不希望的空穴，改善边缘的强度。为此，纤维层最好具有直径为13μm的玻璃纤维，并且，中间部分的物质约为60g/m2，边缘部分的物质约为27g/m2。
本发明的挡板可具有任何所期望的尺寸和形状，以便在纤维层宽度方向获得所期望的物质分布。它们可以设置在成形网14的一侧或两侧边缘部分，或在成形网宽度上设置一个或多个挡板。挡板可以放在成形网上，或设在成形网上方，但最好设在成形网下方、位于成形网和吸收箱16之间。
代替分块的挡板，纤维在成形网上的积存可通过成形网本身的处理得以抑制，例如，通过在成形网上将要覆盖的区域内进行小面积的油漆，这样，在这个区域内就有较少的纤维浆通过成形网，减少纤维的积存和纤维层物质。通常，成形网在某些区域可以设计得较致密，进一步减小通过该区域的纤维浆流量。
本发明的纤维层可以提供改善强度的GRG型石膏板，特别是边缘部分的强度。具有和目前GRG板相同的边缘强度的石膏板，可以在比目前可能的速度更高的速度下制造。

Claims (14)

1.一种无纺无机纤维层，具有沿横向变化的物质(重量/单位面积)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维层，其中，边缘部分的物质比其它部分的物质少。
3.一种无纺无机纤维层的制造方法，该纤维层的物质(重量/单位面积)沿横向变化，该制造方法包括：
使成形网通过液体中的无机纤维浆，同时，成形网的部分宽度随其通过时被遮盖，遮盖沿成形网通过纤维浆的长度方向变化；和
促使纤维浆密贴着成形网，并使所述的液体通过成形网，由此，无纺无机纤维层成形，该纤维层沿横向的物质(重量/单位面积)不均匀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，遮盖沿成形网通过纤维浆的方向减少。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其中，遮盖是这样获得的，即：随着成形网通过纤维浆，使成形网表面横跨挡板远离纤维浆。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，挡板的有效宽度沿成形网通过纤维浆的方向减小。
7.根据权利要求3至6其中之一所述的方法，其中，遮盖具有对应于成形纤维层的边缘部分的成形网部分。
8.无纺无机纤维层的成形装置，该纤维层的物质(重量/单位面积)沿横向变化，该成形装置包括：
液体中的无机纤维浆供源；
成形网，其运动通过所述的供源，在使用中，所述的液体通过成形网，将所述的无机纤维沉淀到成形网上；
横跨成形网宽度一部分的遮盖，其阻碍所述液体通过成形网到达所述的部分，遮盖效果沿成形网通过所述供源的运动方向变化。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中，遮盖分布在成形网的横向部分，该部分与成形板边缘部分一致。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，其中，遮盖效果沿成形网的移动方向减少。
11.根据权利要求8、9或10所述的装置，其中，遮盖是一挡板，该挡板在远离纤维浆供源的成形网表面上紧密接触。
12.根据权利要求8至11其中之一所述的装置，其中，挡板的有效宽度沿成形网通过纤维浆的方向减小。
13.一种粘结板，带有一层根据权利要求1或2所述的无纺无机纤维层，该纤维层直接嵌在至少一个表面下。
14.一种粘结板，带有一层无纺无机纤维层，该纤维层直接嵌在至少一个表面下，其中，纤维层对粘结浆的渗透性沿纤维层的横向变化。
CN98801609A 1997-01-24 1998-01-23 无纺无机纤维层及其制造方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1107580C (zh)

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CN110446809A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2019-11-12 精工爱普生株式会社 薄片制造装置、薄片、以及、薄片制造方法

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CN104947318A (zh) * 2007-10-09 2015-09-30 3M创新有限公司 制备用于安装污染控制元件的安装垫的方法
CN110446809A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2019-11-12 精工爱普生株式会社 薄片制造装置、薄片、以及、薄片制造方法

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