CN1241202A - Insert with antiseptic function - Google Patents

Abstract

Increasingly stringent environmental protection restrictions have made traditional coating application methods (such as spray painting) challenged by volatile solvents and harmful pigments. Environmental inspections are particularly focused on conventional anti-corrosion surface treatments, especially chromate primers and conversion coatings. The present invention uses an insert (10) to form a vapor barrier layer on a substrate to achieve an anti-corrosion effect. The present invention can manufacture curved inserts in a set of molds with different Gaussian curvatures, thereby eliminating the need to manufacture a "splash" mold for the surface of the insert object. The use of curved inserts can reduce ridges, wrinkles or gaps, which are often present when a flat (planar) insert is used to cover a complex curvature surface.

Description

Dummy slider with preservative activity

Technical field

The present invention relates to the paint replacement film, especially the anticorrosion top coat of dummy slider form.This dummy slider preferably includes a protective membrane, and it is preferably a kind of elastomerics as external coating (EC), and back side lining adheres on the base material of picture aircraft appearance and so on the steam isolation layer.

Background technology

For a long time, japanning is coating to be administered to surface (surface that especially has composite curvature) go up selected method.Enamelling process is controlled usually, reliable, simple and general.Paint can comprise can give the surface with desired physical properties, as the various additives of gloss, color, reflectivity or its composite behaviour.Enamelling process is that people know well, even and have on the surface under the situation of complex curvatures, also can obtain the uniform high-quality coating of character.Regrettably, the japanning method does not meet the environmental requirement of present strictness, because their need be with volatile solvent or because the cause of pigment itself when using pigment.Therefore, need a kind of method that has fewer environmental impacts to substitute this japanning method.In addition, although enamelling process is very clear and definite, well-known and very general, it is still a kind of " technology ", and the product that the master worker produces is better than the product of apprentice or green hand's production, and don't what can be interpreted as or teach others how to operate.

Painted surface is poor durability sometimes, does not reach the user's of quality mind requirement.Before japanning, must handle and clean surface.Usually needing to use in the coating process of spray booth the environment around the necessary control coating parts.Coating also easily is damaged, and cracks or scratch.Local damage may need to carry out large-area reparation, for example, carry out recoat to whole plate face.

Spray method waste paint itself, and unpredictable owing to relate to this " technology " in the operation.Just unsuitable operation only can detect after spraying is finished, even and for little fault, do over again for rectification of defects often will carry out big area.

In United States Patent (USP) 4986496, people such as Marentic have described a kind of drag reduction goods that are used for aircraft air-flow control surface in order to reduce the aircraft friction, and it is to have the sheet material (paster material) that superficial makings can be fitted.Since the performance of carrier is carrier film with paint equally, this material crackle, bubble or wrinkle can not occur on being attached to curved surface the time.The paster material of Marentic is smooth, therefore the predetermined simple curvature of extensible one-tenth.If telescopic material shrank after for some time, so this extensional process just goes wrong, and promptly exposes the space between adjacent patch, and therefore various weather condition can corrode the interface between the paster surface.The problem that occurs in stretching, extension often is confined to the application of Marentic paster in curved transition slowly on the surface.Incorporate this patent into the present invention as a reference at this.

United States Patent (USP) 5660667 (Davis) has also been described dummy slider (that is, paster), and it is introduced the present invention as a reference.Dummy slider with composite curvature can complete, no bubble, cover on the composite curvature surface no wrinkle, and does not significantly stretch.Davis uses these dummy sliders like this:

(a) Gaussian curvature of analysis and the mapping clad surface of wanting is to determine the curve of Gauss's curvature such as having;

(b) determine geodesic line from the teeth outwards, make the curve of Gauss's curvature such as having and geodesic line form the mapping coordinate from the teeth outwards;

(c) analysis is coordinated required extensibility between the dummy slider of the adjacent area of different Gaussian curvatures;

(d) with the paster of every kind of Gaussian curvature of one group of die production;

(e) determine from the teeth outwards by etc. the grid that constitutes of Gauss's curvature curve, geodesic line is intersected; With

(f) along the coupling etc. Gauss's curvature curve, the dummy slider of a concrete Gaussian curvature is attached on the surface, can obtain the tectum of complete, bubble-free, the no wrinkle that can match in excellence or beauty with conventional coating like this on this surface, the extensional process that reduces all dummy sliders simultaneously is to obtain complete coating.

The process of determining grid comprises: mark each curve naturally, they shown or simply they are marked on this surperficial three-dimensional digital data model with the optics template.

The Davis method thinks that each surface with identical Gaussian curvature can correspondingly be drawn by topology.For example, suppose that surperficial Gaussian curvature is 5 feet ^-2, for example can be 5 feet of spheroid so ^-2It is mouldable on the principal curvatures mould that to go out curvature be 5 feet ^-2Dummy slider, rather than carry out " splash " molding from the teeth outwards and make dummy slider.By the main dummy slider that is molded as no bubble and do not have wrinkle on real surface.

The surface must be etch-proof usually.This protection generally includes the surface treatment or the priming paint (that is, chromic salt priming paint or conversion coating) of comparison costliness, and this is owing to wherein various chemical are arranged, and relevant with the time of using.These traditional coatings are heavier, especially with when other top coat is used in combination, these other top coats must be coated on the corrosion protection coating to produce color, gloss, improved surface durability, wear resistance and over-all properties or other performance.And the normally deleterious material of the chemical that is used for conventional corrosion protection coating.

In current commerce and military space technology application, dummy slider has considerable value.Lockheed Martin and 3M do not make a flight test to there being the lacquer aircraft technology.These dummy sliders (resembling dummy slider of the present invention) can be saved production cost, reduce carrying demand and aircraft weight, have tangible environmental advantages simultaneously.Lockheed Martin dummy slider is described in detail in the following paper: " Paintless aircrafttechnology (not having the lacquer aircraft technology) ", Aero.Eng ' g, 17 pages, introduces the present invention with it as a reference in November, 1997.Commercial aviation company uses dummy slider the billboard of their vehicles as flight as Western Pacific airline.We will find the weather resistance dummy slider that can substitute conventional military or commercial aviation paint systems, to reduce the storage cycle cost, improve performance and to protect lower surface not corroded.

The general introduction of invention

The present invention produces preservative activity by the dummy slider that a row has the steam isolation layer with being used in combination of top coat.These dummy sliders can provide suitable preservative activity to handle to omit conventional surface anticorrosion fully, can reduce weight like this and reduce environmental problem.Perhaps, the chromate-free conversion coating of but poor-performing anticorrosion and insensitive to environment by dummy slider is used in combination alternative traditional aseptic technic to environment sensitive (that is, chromate conversion coatings and priming paint).

In the resin composite materials structure, on the metallic surface or the corrosion around the metal fastening parts produced oxygenizement, therefore reduced surperficial performance and influenced structural integrity usually easily.Suppress to corrode or guarantee not take place to corrode, need carry out labour intensive thereby expensive maintenance work.More reliable protective system will extensively be approved in commercial and military space technology.

Except anticorrosion, the steam isolation layer can help in the space structure restriction moisture and see through this structure and transmit.For example, by the composite honeycomb multilayered structure, steam isolation layer dummy slider coating layer can slow down or eliminate moisture and see through the transporting action of laminated panel in honeycomb nuclear.

Preferred dummy slider is to have solidity to corrosion at lower surface, because they have the intermediate steam isolation layer.Preferred dummy slider has the fluoroelastomer of 1-8 mil or as other polymeric film of facial ornament layer (2-6 mil usually), the steam isolation layer that typically about 1-4 mil (being generally 3 mils) is thick and be generally 2 mil tackiness agents pressure-sensitive or thermal activation.

Accurate coating all is very important for the aerodynamics friction and the others of modern civil and military aircraft, and during fabrication, spraying method is more insecure technology, obtains much at one coating because it is difficult to control shower nozzle and spraying condition between goods.This spraying method uncared-for parameter usually is in the vehicles that paint is used, to have nature difference between each goods.This species diversity is caused by the accumulation of dosage deviation (that is, owing to each part in the assembly can allow the difference in the control limit to cause gathering of difference).The dummy slider method is the manufacturing of control coating better, like this, by pigment, additive and film suitably are distributed in the whole dummy slider, thus from the teeth outwards, can produce suitable spectrum property.If dummy slider has preservative activity simultaneously, then the effect of dummy slider further improves.When precision is made the difficulty of coating when obtaining desired properties and is obtained overcoming, need not the whole goods of swiping because coating is imperfect and inappropriate, or have to carry out costliness scrape off coating and recoat.

When using dummy slider, can be simply by cutting impaired part, be reentered into suitable new dummy slider then and the accurate coating of aircraft surfaces is carried out the small area reparation.And for paint, cut the part and former coating between in this repair process, be difficult for spraying repairing.For example, whole sheet material need be painted usually and be carried out recoat to repair the small area defective.Spraying, surface treatment, cover or isolated repair operation such as part and slowed down the recoat process.

For thin dummy slider, the suggestion use is single or two transfer protection sheets are more convenient.With a protection sheet be pressed in to contact with goods and the surface of agglutinating dummy slider on.This surface has tackiness agent or itself has viscosity and can be bonded on the aircraft surfaces of metal or matrix material.Can peel off when shifting when the location and after suitably locating, exposed surface strengthens with similar protection sheet and protects.Flag information and instruction can be coated on the transfer paper to simplify using of dummy slider.

Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of anticorrosion dummy slider that is used for the surface is carried out the coating of complete basically, bubble-free, no wrinkle.This dummy slider has the steam isolation layer reducing or to eliminate moisture and shifts to the surface, and has at least one surface of steam isolation layer and be used for the steam isolation layer is bonded to lip-deep tackiness agent.

The invention still further relates to does not a kind ofly have enamel-cover and covers that system is used for the aircraft components of metal or matrix material and assembly is used for substituting conventional paint, comprising the facial ornament layer, with steam isolation layer below the facial ornament layer contacts and be located substantially on the facial ornament layer be used for the steam isolation layer is bonded to tackiness agent on each parts.

With interchangeable, sealable protection coating layer, the conventional coating in the alternative metal of the inventive method or composite airplane parts or the assembly, wherein said coating layer can produce tangible preservative activity by stoping water migration.This method comprises:

(a) triangular strip of steam isolation layer is cut into a plurality of dummy sliders of the predetermined surface that is suitable for coating member;

(b) these trilateral dummy sliders are bonded on the parts, then

(c) can seal at the edge joint place between these dummy sliders according to circumstances, between parts and its environment, obtain successive steam isolation layer.

Coat among (clad) Al 2024 at exposed metal level, this steam isolation layer can make the parts that are equivalent to have routine paint, chromate conversion coatings and the silicate priming paint that can satisfy military exigence, has preservative activity.

The invention still further relates to and a kind of the adjacent dummy slider that seals on the base material is sealed to obtain the method for successive steam isolation layer basically.At first, by two adjacent on base material dummy sliders are positioned definite seam, wherein each dummy slider all comprises the steam isolation layer of being made by polymkeric substance.Then, the sealing dummy slider that will have the steam isolation layer places on the seam, forms the overlap joint between sealing dummy slider and the location dummy slider.The usable polymers edge that will seal dummy slider seals according to circumstances, and the sealing dummy slider is bonded on the dummy slider of location.

In others, the present invention relates to a kind ofly be used for stoping basically certain position of aircraft that corroding method takes place, comprising, the steam isolation layer of dummy slider form is attached on this position to eliminate moisture to this position transmission.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the floor map of typical dummy slider.

Fig. 2 is the cross sectional representation of Fig. 1 dummy slider, comprising the protection sheet that is positioned on surface in contact and the exposed surface.

Fig. 3 and 4 is Byrd (Bode) figure that show the steam isolation layer of the present invention of preservative activity.

Fig. 5 is the function of frequency as the time that break that shows Fig. 3 and 4 dummy sliders.

Fig. 6 is the resistor area of presentation graphs 3 and 4 dummy sliders another figure as the function of time.

Fig. 7 is the permanent component parameters mutually of presentation graphs 3 and 4 dummy sliders another figure as the function of time.

Fig. 8 is presentation graphs 3 and 4 dummy sliders " n " parameter another figure as the function of time.

Fig. 9 and 10 is the specific inductivity of presentation graphs 3 and 4 dummy sliders figure as the function of time.

Figure 11 is the isometrical drawing that is coated with the aircraft that obtains not having the enamel-cover coating with dummy slider.

Figure 12 is the exploded view of the wing wing box of Figure 11 aircraft, represents the position and the direction of typical dummy slider.

Figure 13 illustrates the schema that how to use impedance data to calculate various corrosion parameters.

Figure 14 is used for the five element circuitry models that EIS analyzes.

Figure 15 is used for the series-parallel connection circuit model that EIS analyzes in the present invention.

Figure 16 and 17 is the Bode diagram corresponding to table 1 situation 1.

Figure 18 and 19 is the Bode diagram corresponding to table 1 situation 2.

Figure 20 and 21 is the Bode diagram corresponding to table 1 situation 3.

Figure 22 and 23 is the Bode diagram with preferred dummy slider of the present invention of embodiment 1 described excellent antiseptic property.

Figure 24 and 25 is similar to Figure 22 and 23 but as carrying out the Bode diagram of another preferred dummy slider that wet type applies as described in the embodiment 1.

Figure 26 and 27 is Bode diagram of urethane contrast dummy slider, and as described in embodiment 1, expression does not have the dummy slider film typical case performance of steam isolation layer effect.

Figure 28 is the dummy slider test at the embodiment 1 that is used for illustrating dummy slider excellent properties of the present invention, and the frequency of breaking is as the figure of the function of time.

Figure 29 is that resistance is as the figure of the function of time in the dummy slider test of embodiment 1.

Figure 30 is that steady state component parameters (CPE) is as the figure of the function of time in the dummy slider test of embodiment 1.

Figure 31 is that " n " parameter is as the figure of the function of time in the dummy slider test of embodiment 1.

Figure 32 is that specific inductivity is as the figure of the function of time in the dummy slider test of embodiment 1.

Figure 33 is on the clad metal 2024 T3 aluminum test samples that Alodine 600 handled, and passes the amplification profile diagram of the joint close of military standard high concentrations of toluene diisocyanate-epoxy resin primer coating system, is used to illustrate the filiform corrosion process.

Figure 34 is in the clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium that do not have Alodine 600 conversion coatings or military standard priming paint, passes the amplification profile diagram of the joint close of the transparent fluoropolymer dummy slider of the present invention, is similar to Figure 33, is used to illustrate the filiform corrosion process.

Figure 35 is that the amplification view of the joint close in being similar to the specimen of Figure 34 is used to illustrate the filiform corrosion process under the dummy slider condition in the clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium that do not have conversion coating or priming paint.

Figure 36 is another amplification view corresponding to seam in the specimen of Figure 33 sample, is used to illustrate the filiform corrosion process under conventional military standard coating-priming paint-conversion coating system.

Figure 37 is under the salt spray condition, on clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium with Alodine 600 conversion coatings and the protection of MIL-P-85582 priming paint, and another amplification view of the preservative activity that dummy slider of the present invention produced.

Figure 38 is under 95 and pH6.5-7.2, in the 5%NaCl mist, expose 2000 hours after, as another amplification view of the seam on the specimen of embodiment 33.

Figure 39 is under the salt fog condition as Figure 38 sample, after 2000 hours, with another amplification view of the seam on the specimen of the exposed clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium of grey dummy slider coating of the present invention.

Figure 40 is the edge sealing view that is illustrated in the dummy slider that is bonded on the base material.

Figure 41 is another view that the typical case of expression dummy slider edge sealing of the present invention overlaps joint.

Figure 42 is another view that expression is used for the edge sealing between dummy slider on the base material.

Figure 43 is another view that is illustrated in angled end-face joint edge sealing between dummy slider.

Figure 44 is that band envelope and banding, another view that seals are used in expression on end joined between dummy slider.

Figure 45 is expression by another sectional drawing of the edge sealing of the steam isolation layer sealing of using the dummy slider band carry out on the steam isolation layer of having removed the facial ornament layer and this dummy slider band.

Figure 46 and 47 is in described polyurethane coated, the Resins, epoxy linging of embodiment 2, changes on the clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium samples that are coated with, and carries out the Bode diagram of salt-fog test.

Figure 48 and 49 is in embodiment 2 described salt-fog tests, the Bode diagram of dummy slider of the present invention.

Figure 50 is the isometrical drawing that is used for the dummy slider pattern in F-18 turtleback cross section.

Figure 51 is to use the orthographic plan of the delta pattern that the computer cutting unit cuts out from the dummy slider sheet stock.

Figure 52 is the isometrical drawing with dummy slider of steam isolation layer, is bonded on the honeycomb multi-ply wood of matrix material to move to honeycomb core by panel to reduce moisture.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

United States Patent (USP) 4986496 has been introduced the manufacture method of the smooth dummy slider that is used for coating gas current control surface, and this dummy slider manufacture method is applicable to the present invention.United States Patent (USP) 5660667 (Davis) has been described the manufacture method of crooked dummy slider, compound (that is, mixing) curved surface of especially using always in aerospace.Usually the steam isolation layer is prepared into sheet stock, then roller coat facial ornament layer and tackiness agent on this sheet stock.

The adventitia of dummy slider 10 or facial ornament layer 20 (Fig. 2) be organic resin base material elastic composite normally, the thick fluoroelastomer of particularly about 0.001-0.004 inch (1-4 mil).Steam isolation layer 30 (is particularly fluoridized terpolymer, metallized polymeric, especially the metallized polymeric that has the aluminium film, or another kind of fluoropolymer) and the proper adhesive of using as individual course 40, especially pressure-sensitive or heat-activatable adhesive (the particularly 966 type tackiness agents of 3M) has been realized the three-decker of the preferred dummy slider of the present invention.This tackiness agent is generally acrylic material or rubbery polymer or multipolymer.Fluoroelastomer should be pliable and tough, durable and weather-proof.

This tackiness agent should the steam isolation layer and below base material between produce enough adhesivityes.In addition, it should absorb water slowly.

The steam isolation layer is thereby that the present invention is by eliminating moisture improves key from antiseptic property to the transferance of metallic surface.This steam isolation layer should have than long pot life in the open air.It should have stability high at least to 250 hot wet condition.It should tear up, and can limit the development of tearing and peeling off that in use occurs like this.Check if desired or replace that it should available stretch be peeled off and remove, but it should keep sticky state when flight.

The facial ornament layer should improve the weather resistance and the hardness of steam isolation layer.It can pass through dispersed carbon fiber or graphite fibre, does not have the enamel-cover coating with antistatic property and give dummy slider.This facial ornament layer can produce color and gloss by using suitable pigment.It should be significantly, removable mark can be imprinted on this facial ornament layer like this.It should UV resistant.Fluoroelastomer of the present invention and other material that we found can satisfy these requirements.

The molectron of facial ornament layer and steam isolation layer should be durable, and in flight course, when peeling off, should tear and tear up.

Dummy slider can with single or two transfer protection sheets (50, Fig. 2) protect and be beneficial to its construction.With a protection sheet be pressed in to contact with goods and the surface of agglutinating dummy slider on.This surface has tackiness agent or itself has viscosity, so that be bonded on the aircraft surfaces of metal or matrix material.For extremely thin dummy slider, the exposed surface of facial ornament layer also can have similar protection sheet, so that strengthen in the location with when shifting and protect.Suitably just peeling this protection sheet off after the location.Use the label information and the instruction of dummy slider in proper order about how, where and with what, can be printed on (or directly being printed on the facial ornament layer of dummy slider) on the transfer paper, so that simplify its layout and positioning action.

No lacquer sheathing comprises in the aerial advantage of boat: (1) has reduced when beginning to use and objectionable impurities and refuse when peelling off and replacing, (2) alleviated corrosive nature, reduced various requirement thus to etching detection, reparation and replacement, (3) obviously improve usage period of aircraft and (4) and recycled cost when obviously having saved application and maintenance.As shown in figure 11, can on aircraft 110, for example carry out various maintenances in the cockpit simultaneously, promptly check, repair or replace dummy slider.Although curvature is represented the size and dimension of dummy slider, the typical dummy slider 120 that is administered to top wing shell 130 can be rectangular, as shown in figure 12.In order to substitute paint, dummy slider can cover all, basically all or only part to make the aircraft surfaces of painting.Be easy to the corrosive heated portion especially and carry out traditional processing or the coating except general dummy slider possibly.

Leg-of-mutton face is generally the flat board of two dimension, and its size will adapt to three-dimensional surface, is similar to the tangent plane of baseball.In installation process, need repair, reach coupling fully at last.This triangle projective planum can have different thickness according to they predetermined positions on object.In the zone of standing high friction or thicker at the thickness of impact zone.

Paster and dummy slider are normally made the planarizing material of soft pliable.This material is easy-to-use to flat surface and simple bending surface, on right cylinder, cone and corner bend pipe.Have only extensible or compression and wrinkle resistant and when tearing, could cover complex surface with composite curvature when this material.If the elasticity of this material is not enough, can by cutting make its overlapping or split from and the way that adds seam, this is useful for enlarging the flat dummy slider of mark or the coverage of paster.If this material has any preferred orientation (for example, for rib), so this method will time-consuming, waste material, and using just has problem.

Suppose that a kind of material has point elasticity, according to the Davis introduction, the paster of Gaussian curvature (GC) is applicable to the surface in some Gaussian curvature scope.The given available corresponding Gaussian curvature scope in complicated bend surface is divided into several zones.In each zone, can use one pre-molding dummy slider.With flat material cover surperficial the time, there are various different surfaces shapes in each zone for the particular Gaussian curvature range.

Usually make dummy slider by flat (GC=0) material fully, and adapt to curvature by the extensibility and the elasticity of dummy slider itself.Dummy slider of the present invention is mainly by making than the fluoroelastomer that is easier to process.When the curved transition on the surface is big, may be ideal as the molding dummy slider that Davis introduced, but need to use them usually.

The present invention relates to Performance Evaluation to various different films, coating and tackiness agent to the research that obtains no lacquer sheathing with dummy slider.The present invention selects steam isolation layer and wet fastness tackiness agent to be used for the present invention does not have lacquer sheathing.Assessed the steam isolation layer obvious ability that improves preservative activity of paint relatively.The present invention's hypothesis, metal and other surperficial corrosive nature can be carried out the kinetics transmission from the teeth outwards by preventing moisture.By selecting steam isolation layer of the present invention, the internal corrosion that might prevent or slow down aircraft.They also can slow down or prevent that moisture from passing resin composite materials laminated panel 102 transporting action of honeycomb core 106 downwards, otherwise can cause weight to increase.

Evaluation test of the present invention comprises, butt seam and not seam sheet material carry out the salt dipping and the salt-fog test of standard.By using microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the present invention with the variation on surface as the function that is subjected to salt action.These tests show, when 2000 hours salt fogs of experience expose and afterwards, have outstanding preservative activity (variation from the teeth outwards can be ignored) with the sheet material that is bonded to lip-deep steam isolation layer coating, significant corrosion failure has then taken place as correlated painted surface.For the many seam test panels that on MIL-P-85582 (a kind of chromic salt Resins, epoxy) priming paint, have these dummy sliders, do not have or seldom on the surface or seam crossing observe Degradation.The various sheet materials of relative chemical treatment or electrochemical treatment, the present invention also shows the advantage of no enamel-cover coating on the various aluminium that are untreated, and with various non-chromate prime treatment surface the time, the present invention also will test the performance of dummy slider.These tests show that the steam isolation layer has advantage on surface anticorrosion.Under the prerequisite that keeps preservative activity, can not use priming paint fully.

Davis introduces, and flat material can take place wrinkling when being used for the composite curvature surface or tear, because this material can fully not compress and stretch.Although seam or inclined-plane move method and so on and be used to sew that profiling is in composite curvature to a certain extent for the technology of clothes, these tailoring techniques need those of skill in the art to carry out complicated design just to obtain seamless, complete, bubble-free and do not have the coating layer of wrinkle.This is waste material equally also, and is not suitable for the actual product with unique irregularity degree.That is to say that this method of cutting out is that the various goods of hypothesis identical standard type have identical surface profile.In fact, for resembling hardware complicated the aircraft, each aircraft has meticulous but visibly different surface curvature and characteristic.These meticulous variations require to carry out independent processing, rather than scale operation.

If select to make crooked dummy slider, just need one by one the evaluation form curvature of face Gauss's line of curvature such as to determine according to the suggestion of Davis.In addition, by the analytical table curvature of face, design have suitable dimension and shape smooth trilateral to coat this surface (Figure 51).If the design goods can allow the solid model of each parts (adopting as Boeing 777 aircrafts) is carried out digital pre-assembled, so this analysis can be simplified to a certain extent, but curvature still can be determined by laser coordinate measuring set, photoplotter or the allied equipment of routine.Surface profile can be used for determining the actual curvature of body surface, rather than the theoretical curvature that is drawn by data.Profile measurer may be accurately coat requisite.The device that is used for draw outline also is used in and Gauss's line of curvature and geodesic line such as marks on the body surface, and the method for available like this " by numeral mark color " is installed each dummy slider." mark " is meant, determines the position of each dummy slider.This mark can carry out with projection light or with more traditional labelling method (chalk, pencil, etc.).

Surface analysis can be used for determining the leg-of-mutton size and dimension of the required dummy slider in coating surface.Which dummy slider it also can determine will be made by smooth sheet stock, and which dummy slider will be molded as composite curvature.The present invention will determine about using leg-of-mutton order, and number or other instruction are coated on dummy slider itself or the protection sheet to arrange the trilateral in the applying work box.Curved surface may require the little flat dummy slider of crooked dummy slider or corresponding curvature.The area of each dummy slider is preferably big as much as possible, and dummy slider will be convenient to be handled by single workman simultaneously.Large-area dummy slider can reduce the part count of tool set.It is wide long with the 5-8 foot that dummy slider of the present invention is generally the 2-4 foot, although size and dimension can change according to the shape and the curvature on the used surface of dummy slider.Figure 50 has provided a kind of pattern of dummy slider, and wherein alphanumeric indicia is represented different trilaterals.Dummy slider of the present invention has significant extensibility usually, especially thin dummy slider, and they can adapt to curved surface like this.

Gaussian curvature is a kind of surface property that is used to measure composite curvature.This problem is normally discussed in the textbook of infinitesimal geometry, and the institute that do not behave in field of engineering technology is known.Fully understand that this notion can be by considering an abovementioned mathematical plane, the specified point of this plane on a curved surface comprises the surface normal vector.Plane and curved surface intersect the so-called normal direction curve of curve that forms.If should rotate around the axis of determining by surface normal on the surface, can obtain infinite many normal direction curves.On a certain specific direction, can obtain maximum curvature.The beyond thought result who is derived by infinitesimal geometry is to occur the normal direction curve of curvature minimum when the plane turn 90 degrees.These two so-called principal curvaturess of curvature, and can with them curvature on other direction plane normal be described by a simple formula.Each principal curvatures can be represented with this inverse of locating radius-of-curvature.Gaussian curvature briefly is the product of these two principal curvaturess.Two examples the most basic will help to illustrate this notion.For on the cylindrical surface certain a bit, an one principal curvatures is 0 (that is, axis direction mobile track on this surface is a straight line along the longitudinal).Because one of them principal curvatures is that the product between 0 the principal curvatures is 0, so Gaussian curvature also is 0.For all other surfaces that formed by flat material bending, its Gaussian curvature also is 0, because these shapes can transform mutually.

Another simple example is a spheroid.The Gaussian curvature of whole sphere equals the inverse square of radius.The Gaussian curvature on shape of a saddle surface is a negative value, because its center of curvature is positioned at the not ipsilateral on this surface.In most of the cases, Gaussian curvature can change on whole surface.Another good commonplace example is (American football shape) oblate ellipsoid, the Gaussian curvature maximum at its two ends.

Paster or dummy slider with particular Gaussian curvature (GC) can be in symmetrical mold, as making in spherical (or symmetrical saddle) mould.If dummy slider or paster are flexible, just can not occur in the time of so on pasting any other surface with identical GC wrinkling, even if this surface is crooked with asymmetric.In this case, this moulding material can be used on any required direction rather than the real surface of (required as serrated members) on specific direction.If this material can stretch (or compression), it just is applicable to the surface in some GC value scope of coating.Can use ellipsoid shape mould to make to have certain gradient the transition paster of (that is the certain variation on the GC).

It is on the aircraft of feature that the pre-molding dummy slider can be used for the composite curvature surface, and alternative paint.Although have value on commercial aircraft, this dummy slider need to be specially adapted to change camouflage and other low marks packets coating to adapt to belligerent military aircraft.The commercial value of dummy slider also is many other fields, as automobile, naval vessel and other commodity.

Davis has described the ellipsoid mould of Gauss's lines of curvature such as having, and it has symmetrical pattern from the center to two ends.These lines are " directly " line from the teeth outwards, and in the extension that transversely is parallel to each other of ellipsoid mould.These lines are corresponding to the terrestrial latitude line on the general map.Be marked at this lip-deep geodesic line from the utmost point of ellipsoid to the curve longitudinal extension of another utmost point with appropriateness, be similar to the longitude line on the global map.It is the center that the Davis dummy slider waits the GC line with each, is generally rhombus.The present invention uses similar drawing plan, to locate flat trilateral dummy slider of the present invention according to suitable position and direction.

For the purpose of the present invention, geodesic line is the line of shortest length between 2 that extend from the teeth outwards.On sphere, geodesic line is a part that connects " great circle " at 2.A geodesic buckling vector equals 0, and has the principal normal consistent with surface normal.

Davis dummy slider with a nominal GC is placed along corresponding line such as the GC of grade, and the dummy slider with different nominal GC is then placed along its corresponding GC line that waits.Plate embedded body changes by extending between the different curvature.The end of object is overmolding to bigger cup-shaped or tulip shape usually.Various dummy sliders stick together coating whole surface, and wrinkle, space or bubble can not occur.

Can in mould, make etc. Gauss's curvature dummy slider, then dummy slider is placed on the corresponding GC line on the surface that needs, it is transferred on aircraft, naval vessel, vehicle or other analogous products.Select other dummy slider, place to coat whole surface with similar fashion then.Each dummy slider has a Gaussian curvature basically along a feature main shaft, and has by this main shaft outward extending dummy slider transition finger portion or extension.The Gaussian curvature of finger portion changes, because they extend, does not perhaps carry out molding along geodesic line because of them.

The original size of dummy slider depends on the degree of the curved transition of institute's clad surface.If the variable gradient of curvature is bigger, promptly GC changes greatlyyer in short range, just needs less sheet material.Certainly, GC is that to can be used for right cylinder, flat surface and GC be any other surface of 0 for 0 smooth dummy slider.The one group of mould that varies in size can obtain positive gauss curvature dummy slider.Similarly shape of a saddle set of molds can obtain the corresponding dummy slider that Gaussian curvature is a negative value.

Dummy slider can be laid with wet method or dry method, and use squeegee, pad cutter, rubber rollers, wallpaper subsides tool and similar instrument are put pad pasting and flattened.Available syringe taking-up residual air or moisture are to eliminate bubble.Contacted dummy slider is taken usually by 1/4-1/2 inch or more, but can be butt joint.The degree of overlap joint not only is subjected to the restriction of weight and cost factor, and because dummy slider can be bonded on the base material more firm than boning mutually.Being overlapped on a root of peeling off in-flight is because the adhesivity between dummy slider is relatively poor.

As described in United States Patent (USP) 4986496, dummy slider can have picture on surface, and in order to produce required color, gloss, reflectivity or other surface property, also can comprise softening agent, extender, antioxidant, ultra-violet stabilizer, dyestuff, pigment, reflection potential toughener (as, silicon carbide), short cutting or continuous fibre toughener or analogue.For example, chopped strand can improve toughness and antistatic property.

In general, pigment is tinsel, metal oxide particle or organo-metallic particle, and is generally the mixture of several materials.Suitable aluminium flake pigment comprises, derives from the Aquasil serial pigment of Siberline ManufacturingCo..These pigment can be glass, mica, metal (as, derive from nickel, cobalt, copper, bronze and the analogue of Novamet) or derive from Potters Industries, the sheet glass of Inc, contracted payment sheet glass, sheet mica or analogue.The characteristic dimension of these thin slices is generally about 17-55 μ m.In some occasion, beramic color may be comparatively suitable.Certainly, these pigment can produce required coating characteristic by mixing.

Titanox 2020 TiO 2 pigments can derive from NL Industries.Cupric oxide or iron oxide pigment can derive from Fischer Scientific.NANOTEK titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or cupric oxide pigment can derive from Nanophase Technologies Corporation.These pigment are globular normally, and its diameter is that about 30 nanometers (for NANOTEK pigment) are to the micron size.

Preferred pigment is purified basically metal (having suitable surperficial conversion coating), and its thickness is about 1000 dusts ± 5-10% (that is, 900-1100 dust, preferred 950-1050 dust).In addition, pigment should be able to satisfy the various conventional requirement of paint pigment like this.Therefore, these pigment (being also referred to as particulate matter or thin slice) must have enough thickness to produce opacity, produce minimum fringing effect (scattering) simultaneously.Therefore, the characteristic dimension of length or width is 20-100 μ m, preferred 30-50 μ m.The target value of nominal characteristic dimension of the present invention is 50 μ m * 50 μ m * 1000 dusts (that is 1 μ m).

Pure metal film with desired thickness can be by making metal sputtering to fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) sheet stock of 2 mil thick.Be used to make the procedure of processing of food or vacuum-packed material according to routine, make this film product.The inventive method can be by two impregnation steps and remove metal from metalized film simply and rapidly.At first, metalized film is immersed in caustic soda (alkalescence) bathe in about 15 seconds with loosening metal.Then, film volume is immersed in the dilute acid soln about 15 seconds with neutralization bases and separating metal.Particle is fallen from FEP brush, then with these solids precipitations in acid solution, filter again, clean and dry.

For metal is separated from FEP, generally metal is contacted with the cylindric nylon bristle of counter-rotating.Sometimes only use the ultrasonic vibration method, or be used in combination the brush embrocation.For brush, preferably derive from 3 inches nylon hairs (0.01, diameter) helical coil brush of Richards Brush Company.

For the aluminium film, the yellow soda ash that preferably uses 7% weight is as alkali, but can use sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate/bicarbonate mixture or be diluted to the basic metal or the alkaline earth metal hydroxides of the routine of pH about 9.0.Acid solution is preferably the 0.01-0.1N acetate of pH3.4-3.6, but also can be phosphoric acid or diluted mineral acid.

For germanium film, the sodium hydroxide that preferably uses 2.5N is as alkali and use acetate or substitute acid solution with ultrasonic vibration.

Alkali steeping is approximately wanted 15 seconds.Before acid dipping, the alkaline purification metalized film was exposed to air about 25 seconds.Acid dipping continues about 15 seconds, then particle is fallen from the FEP brush.Draw the metalized film volume by the several operations in the continuous processing, this one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that.

PH or ORP instrument with routine are controlled sour jar pH value, and add acid as required to keep required pH and redox potential.

By filtering, clean and the dry particle that from acid bath, reclaims out.Measure these particulate sizes.Then, handle, handle (particularly using Alodine 600 or Alodine 1200) as chromic acid anodizing, phosphoric acid anodizing, Alodine (Alodine) by using conventional aluminium; Cobalt-based conversion coated method described in the United States Patent (USP) 5298092,5378293,5411606,5415687,5468307,5472524,5487949 and 5551994 of Boeing; Or the colloidal sol coating method, these particles are carried out conversion coated.As described in the U.S. Patent application 08/742168 " the colloidal sol coating of metal " or U.S. Patent application 08/742169 " improved paint adhesion effect " of Boeing, the colloidal sol coating method produces sol gel film from the teeth outwards by the mixed sols that uses organic zirconium and organosilane.The present invention is introduced in the patent and the patent application of these Boeing as a reference.

Different factures can be given thin slice with different tones.Alodine (Alodine) can produce yellow or green-yellow.Cobalt is handled can produce blueness.

Sol paint is preferably the mixture of organometallic compound, and wherein the zirconium covalent linkage is received on the aluminum slice, and simultaneously organosilane has drive end unit and a paint adhesion agent keyed jointing.When the anodic oxidation treatment surface, adhesivity mainly produces by the mechanical surface effect.The adhesivity that the colloidal sol coating can produce mechanical adhesion (surperficial little roughening) simultaneously and produce by chemical affinity, consistency and covalent chemical bond.

The facial ornament layer forms protective membrane on the steam isolation layer, therefore should select suitable material to keep the antiseptic property of dummy slider system.For the preferred steam isolation layer of the present invention, antiseptic property can illustrate by Fig. 3-10 and 22-32.Even if these dummy sliders are not optimum for eliminating corrosion, but overhaul (maintenance simultaneously) by preserve the part of carrying out simple coating layer replacement and aircraft in the maintenance processes in routine, this dummy slider coating layer should improve life-cycle costing and maintenance effect.For example, no enamel-cover coating be checked, repair and be repaired to the motivation that can trim the hair in a rollover of aircraft can, as shown in figure 11 at aircraft at opposite side simultaneously.Normal paint reparation requires aircraft is placed in the spray booth separately, but can not carry out other maintenance or inspection simultaneously.

Preferred facial ornament layer is a fluoroelastomer, especially derives from modified CA APCOAT III type or anti-rainwater of IV type and the heat-stable fluoroelastomer of CAAP Company, and it is applicable to that roller coat is to produce suitable color and to use aforesaid appropriate addn.Preferred steam isolation layer is the fluoropolymer that derives from 3M, especially derived from the terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and vinylidene fluoride (THV).Metallized film steam isolation layer also can be used for the present invention, especially aluminium vapor deposition layer.The effect of steam isolation layer is that elimination water vapor or the activity of other etching reagent to the surface shift.Preferred adhesive is that pressure-sensitive acrylic is a tackiness agent, and the product 966 or other experiment tackiness agent that derive from 3M are specifically arranged.Tackiness agent should be fixing from the teeth outwards with dummy slider in the normal operational process of the vehicles, but when the dummy slider of lower surface is checked, this tackiness agent should be strippablely can not stay resistates to replace.It should have low electrolysis (ion transport) performance to produce best preservative effect.Be usually used in to impair preservative activity with the additive of tackifying in the tackiness agent.Dummy slider can be adhered on the surface sometimes again, and especially unmasked portion hour.

Pigment and other additive can add among facial ornament layer, steam isolation layer or both.Generally add antistatic layer at exposed surface.

Slit at lap joint and opposite joint between the dummy slider can bond together adjacent dummy slider and seal with the sealant beads 400 that derives from the facial ornament layer (seal bead 400), shown in Figure 40-45 (lap joint and opposite joint, smooth dummy slider and tapered edges dummy slider).Figure 44 and 45 expressions use sealant tape to carry out seal operation.In Figure 45, remove facial ornament layer 20, adhesive tape can be bonded on the steam isolation layer 30 like this.

It is anticorrosion fully that thicker steam isolation layer or steaminess isolation layer have the maintenance of helping.The about usually 1-4 mil thick of steam isolation layer is generally 3 mils.Thicker film is gained in weight, but dummy slider is lighter than the heavy wool lacquering of using always at present usually.The original weight of these embossings is approximately identical with common, single coating, paint-primer coating system (as the MIL-C-85285 urethane on the MIL-P-25377 epoxy resin primer) extremely heavy slightly than them.

The steam isolation layer can comprise the metallized film that is positioned on the one or both sides (in general, on the surface of contiguous tackiness agent, if use sputtering of metals).As if these isolation layers can significantly improve preservative activity, and perhaps this be owing to produced protective membrane, but more as if owing to reduce that the organic resin membrane permeability that constitutes isolation layer caused.

These dummy sliders can be eliminated on base material the demand to chromic salt priming paint.For example, if test clad metal 2024 T3 aluminium alloy test panels, dummy slider can produce and use the chromic salt priming paint preservative effect suitable with chromate conversion coatings on 2024 aluminium.The comparing result of filiform corrosion and salt-fog test is shown in Figure 33-39.In all these tests, dummy slider is not identical with paint on preservative effect, is better than paint usually.

It is believed that dummy slider can be used on most of aerial metals, comprising 2024,6061,7075 and other aluminium alloy; All titanium alloys; High strength (low-carbon (LC)) steel is as 4130,4340 and 9310; Nickelalloy is as INCONEL 718; With magnesium alloy with the protection of Dow conversion coating.The present invention's test is at 2024 and 7075 aluminium, and they are the standard materials that are used to assess preservative activity.In addition, these dummy sliders can be used in the structure of matrix material.On the interface of carbon fibre reinforced composite and metal construction, dummy slider can reduce galvanic corrosion by reducing the passage of ionogen to the metallic surface.That is to say that the fluid on the salable moisture of these dummy sliders and the aircraft contacts with metal (conductor) avoiding.

Base material is a metal cladding.Their available chemical conversion coating, especially alodine 600,1000 or 1200 and so on chromate conversion coatings are carried out anodic oxidation and processing.The test of carrying out with non-chromate priming paint shows that antiseptic property is inhomogeneous or bad, and this defective is owing to non-chromate priming paint.By inference, in these trials, priming paint can attract and catch the etching reagent that contacts with the metallic surface.Do not use priming paint fully, can obtain better result.

The filiform corrosion test of standard shows that after coating corrosion location with dummy slider, corrosion is not to carry out from its virgin state.This means that the dummy slider on the corrosion parts can stop less corrosion rust staining.

Carry out the rainwater corrosion test of dummy slider at Univ of Dayton, found that,, can obtain best edge sealing effect using chopped strand when improving its intensity and anti-tearing property.Find that in addition these dummy sliders can compare favourably with standard coated or be more much better than it.These dummy sliders can produce the provide protection of 500mph under certain conditions, and this can compare with special rainwater corrosion resistant coating.In several specimen, can be observed the delamination effect between facial ornament layer and the steam isolation layer.Overlap joint and butt joint have more intact performance.The tapered edges performance is better than smooth limit.Even under the situation that does not add special corrosion resistant coating, these dummy sliders also can produce suitable at least provide protection.

At repairing area, need dock with the formation of steam isolation layer, repair sake decorations layer simultaneously.Thin steam isolation layer-facial ornament tunic can be filled this repairing area on the steam isolation layer, wherein the facial ornament layer is optionally pruned as shown in figure 45.Like this, the steam isolation layer can be crossed over the butt joint gap of adjacent steam isolation layer, forms successive steam isolation layer thus.

The limit of these dummy sliders is preferably taper (Figure 40,41 and 44) to improve aerodynamics.

The reparation of dummy slider coating layer requires the cutting dummy slider, had better not scratch the base material of below.In order to cut dummy slider, need the adjustable cutting unit of a may command degree of depth.Setting depth of cut and keeping this degree of depth is a kind of challenge, especially works as working depth in mil (0.001 inch).The present invention is by using scroll-diced device controlling depth, and it has a follow-up pulley on the base material after being pressed in otch to set depth of cut.

Use electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) system to test, comprising EG﹠amp; G PrincetonResarch (PAR) 273A type potentiostat-galvanostat, Schlumberge SI 1260 types impedance/gain-facies analysis instrument and Personal Computer.Use open circuit potential (OCP) to measure suitable performance then.It is 15mV (for non-paint sample) and 15-40mV (for paint sample) that EIS measures used voltage of alternating current, and in the range of frequency of 1.6E-2 to 1.0E+5Hz, measures in order to the evenly spaced 5 kinds of frequencies of decimal logarithms mode.

In addition, specimen on PAR K0235 type Flat Cells, comprising glass cylinder with three electrodes:

● the niobium screening counter of bag platinum

● specimen and

● the Ag/AgCl/KCl reference electrode is (at center glass well; The Luggin probe almost extends to test

Kapillary on the sample is positioned at a side of well).Test area is 16 square centimeters.For each sample, the new sodium chloride solution with 5% pours in the battery.

For each operation, computer is tabulated real part of impedance and imaginary part under every kind of frequency (be respectively Z ' and Z ").By these data, can calculate other parameter of expression corrosive nature.Figure 13 is a schema of representing how to be calculated by impedance data desired parameters.

For example, absolute impedance | Z| (ohm) can be calculated as follows: $\left|Z\right|=\sqrt{{\left(Z^{\′}\right)}^2+{\left(Z^{\′\″}\right)}^2}$ Phase shift φ (degree) is calculated as follows: $\mathrm{\φ}=\frac{180}{\mathrm{\π}}\arctan \frac{Z^{\′\″}}{Z^{\′}}$ 。Bode diagram represents | Z|A (ohmcm ², wherein A is a sample area, common 16 centimetres ²) and as the frequency of incoming frequency function and the relation curve of phase shift.As required, the present invention uses DeltaGraph  software to generate three-dimensional Bode diagram as the exposure duration function.

The Boukamp equivalent electrical circuit is analyzed (ECA) software and is fit to Z ' and Z " data.Usually use five element circuitry models (Figure 14).R ₁Be solution resistance, C ₄Be the electric capacity of coating layer, and R ₄So-called hole resistance, its expression can produce passes needle pore defect or other the non-homogeneous place of coating layer to the short circuit of base material.C ₂Be double-layer capacitance, and R ₂For occurring in below the coating layer, particularly in the polarization resistance of the corrosion process at needle pore defect or other non-homogeneous place.In corrosion research, the speed of polarization resistance and corrosion process is inversely proportional to; In other words, polarization resistance is high more, and erosion rate is low more.

Figure 15 represents the used series-parallel connection of the present invention (SP) circuit model.The R value is a resistance, and the Q value is permanent phase element (constant phase elements, a CPE) parameter.R ₁The expression solution resistance.R ₂And Q ₂Polarization resistance and the imperfect double-layer capacitance of representing corrosion process respectively.R ₃And Q ₃The resistance and the non-ideal capacitance of expression corrosion products or anodic oxidation product.R ₄And Q ₄The resistance and the electric capacity of expression priming paint.

The impedance of permanent phase element (CPE) is determined by following formula: $Z_{\mathrm{CPE}}=\frac{1}{Q{\left(\mathrm{j\ω}\right)}^n}$ Wherein Q is the CPE parameter, $j=\sqrt{-1},$

ω is a radian frequency, and

N is the phase coefficient.

Use this definition, the unit of CPE is mhosec ⁿ

When n=0, CPE parameter unit is mho (mho), it be resistance inverse (that is, R=1/Q).

When 0＜n＜1, CPE unit is " CPE mho " (mhosec ⁿ), it can regard non-ideal capacitance as in the SP model.

When n=1, CPE unit is mhosec (faraday), it be electric capacity unit (that is, C=Q).

In order to verify the SP model, we utilize the R and the C value of selection, are obtained the Bode diagram of three kinds of situations by SP model and five component models.For solution resistance, R ₁=30 ohmcms ²For the frequency of breaking, f ₂=(2pR ₂C ₂) ^-1And f ₄=(2pR ₄C ₄) ^-1These situations are summarized in table 1.

Table 1

Situation	The corrosion resistant metal base material				Tectum
									Situation	Speed	R 2(ohmcm 2)	C 2(faraday/centimetre 2)	f 2(Hz)	Speed	R 2(ohmcm 2)	C 4(faraday/centimetre 2)	f 4(Hz)
1	Well	1E+5	1E-4	0.016	Well	1E+6	1E-9	160
									2	High	1E+6	1E-5	0.016	Minimum	1E+5	1E-8	160
3	High	1E+6	1E-6	0.160	Minimum	3E+5	3E-7	1.8

Figure 16-the 21st under three kinds of checking situations, uses the Bode diagram of SP and five component models.These figure represent conforming to generally between the selected SP model of the present invention and the more common five element circuitry models.In situation 1 (Figure 16 and 17), the corrosion process cap rock that almost is covered covers.If polarization resistance R ₂Lower or tectum resistance R ₄Bigger, infratectal corrosion process may just can not detect.The Bode diagram of these two kinds of models is identical basically.The frequency f of breaking ₂And f ₄Differ 4 orders of magnitude.In situation 2 (Figure 18 and 19), in the presence of minimum was tectal, corrosion-resistant effect was obviously higher.Equally, the Bode diagram of these two kinds of models is identical basically.

Only in situation 3 (Figure 20 and 21), occur different between two kinds of models; This species diversity is obvious especially in phasor (Figure 21).R _sAnd C _sThe order of magnitude be identical with other two kinds of situations; The key distinction is the frequency f of breaking ₂And f ₄Mutually within an order of magnitude.Frequency is similar if break, and R and C value just depend on used model.The possibility that obtains the similar frequency of breaking in situation for 3 times is less, because a wider range of various corrosion process, corrosion products and the tectal frequency of breaking.Therefore, the SP model is equivalent to five element circuitry models basically.

The SP model can obtain and the common similar Bode diagram of five component models, the SP model can make priming paint, dummy slider, facial ornament layer, corrosion products and corrosion process specially be divided into each R and Q element simultaneously, and these elements are easy to identify, select branch and monitoring with exposure duration.In addition, each R _iQ _iThe frequency f of breaking of circuit _RQAvailable exposure duration is monitored.In the present invention, use integer to come the marker circuit element, as 1,2,3 or 4.The frequency of breaking is an important internal performance that does not depend on surface-area.f _RiQiDerive from i ^ThR in parallel _iQ _iThe timeconstant of circuit _RiQi, wherein ${\mathrm{\τ}}_{R_i{Q}_i}={\left(R_i{Q}_i\right)}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{ni}}}$ If replaced suitable unit, so τ _RiQiUnit be (ohmmbosec ^Ni) ^1/ni=sec.Because

And ω=2 π f, so $f_{R_i{Q}_i}=\frac{1}{2\mathrm{\π}{\left(R_i{Q}_i\right)}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{ni}}}}$

General rule that can careful use is the f in 1E+1 to the 1E+5Hz scope _RiQiRelevant with anodic oxidation, corrosion products and organic coating such as priming paint, and the f in 1E-2 to the 1E+1Hz scope _RiQiRelevant with corrosion process.

In case the CPE by ECA has determined the dummy slider and the system of coating just can calculate specific inductivity by following formula: $\mathrm{\&epsiv;}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d\; Q"\; filenames="A9718085100271.png,A9718085100291.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}{Q}^{}{}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{ni}}}}{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_0}$ Wherein d is the thickness of coating layer, ε ₀Be the specific inductivity of freeboard (8.85E-14 faraday/centimetre).

Respectively fluoropolymer (FP) dummy slider and urethane (PU) dummy slider are used on 3 inches * 6 inches sheet materials of the clad metal 2024-T3 Al that chemical conversion has been coated with Alodine 600.Before using,, draw from the teeth outwards with " * " at an end of sheet material: from * the length of central point lead-in wire O.75 inch for.On the FP dummy slider is placed on * rules with the simulation affected area: the PU dummy slider is not cooked like this.

Adopt two kinds of constructional methods, the FP dummy slider is used on the surface of Alodine processing.In wet method, water sprays the surface a little.Then the FP dummy slider is placed on the surface.Water can make dummy slider be easy to fixing from the teeth outwards, as long as and the water that can carefully remove the dummy slider below just can accept.Otherwise trap water branch produces bubble.PU dummy slider as baseline can be constructed by dry method.Dummy slider is placed on the whole surface that comprises line, seals to prevent the seepage of salts solution with fluoroelastomer along the limit then from the edge.

Figure 22-25 expression wet method of the present invention and dry method dummy slider are as the Bode diagram of isolation layer and conduct line patchery.These figure are similar to data listed among Fig. 3-10.Impedance (| Z|) raise along with the reduction of frequency, this is owing to the electrical property (that is, resistance and electric capacity) of dummy slider as isolated coating layer.The capacitive property height of negative (Figure 23) the expression dummy slider of nearly 90 degree.The effect of repairing line is identical with isolation layer.After exposing through 53 days, it is constant that impedance keeps basically, just edges down low at low-down frequency end.The maintenance effect of impedance shows, in process of the test, any corrosion does not take place under the dummy slider.These dummy sliders are getable best processing modes in the present corrosion-resistant field.

Figure 24 and 25 is dummy sliders of the present invention as isolation layer and carries out the Bode diagram of wet construction as the line patchery.Constructional method is carried out anticorrosion not obviously influence to dummy slider as isolation layer.

Figure 26 and 27 is Bode diagram of the contrast urethane dummy slider of dry construction.In 4 days, impedance raises along with the reduction of frequency, and this is owing to the electrical property of dummy slider.The mild rising of impedance begins at about 10Hz place to reduce.Tectal impedance is lower than the preferred dummy slider as the present invention of steam isolation layer.Equally, negative also descends comparatively fast.Along with the continuation of dipping time, the impedance of coating layer reduces continuously.Raise the second time that can be observed impedance, and this is obvious especially in phasor.For example, in 51 days, phase place is reduced to minimum 100Hz, is increased to maximum, is reduced to Schwellenwert then again.The rising second time of impedance and maximum phase are owing to the corrosive nature of urethane dummy slider below.

The ECA result of Figure 28-32 expression dummy slider of the present invention (parameter that development obtains, Figure 13), comprising the frequency of breaking, resistor area, permanent phase element and n parameter.In Figure 28, the preferred fluoropolymer dummy slider of the present invention break frequency near 1E-2, and the frequency of breaking of contrast urethane dummy slider is 1E+2Hz.The frequency of breaking during corrosion under coating layer is about 5Hz.The preferred fluoropolymer dummy slider of the present invention has the lower frequency of breaking, and this is owing to higher erosion resistance.Although these data are relatively disperseed, the frequency of breaking also not obviously depends on the time.

In Figure 29, the resistance of FP dummy slider (so-called hole resistance) is 1E+11ohmcm, and this is all very high for any commercially available organic coating; And it does not depend on constructional method.For dummy slider of the present invention, resistance value 1E+7ohmcm more is common in commercially available organic coating system.Erosion resistance completely cuts off the resistance of coating layer preferably usually greater than 1E+7ohmcm.The commercially available organic coating system of the resistance ratio of dummy slider of the present invention is wanted big several magnitude, and this shows that anticorrosion isolation performance is very high.In addition, it is high that the polarization resistance of the corrosion process under the coating layer is obviously wanted, and this shows that corrosion carries out very slowly, if corrosion has taken place really.

In Figure 30 and 31, very little (the 1E-10CPE mho/cm of permanent phase component parameters (CPE) ²), " n " parameter is near 1.0, and their represent the electric capacity of dummy slider.1E-6 to 1E-9CPE mho/cm ²CPE value and the n parameter of the 0.6-1.0 representative non-ideal capacitance that occurs in the corrosion process of contrast urethane dummy slider below.The big dispersiveness of urethane contrast dummy slider is because be difficult under high resistance the EIS data convolution that disappears.

Figure 32 has described the figure of specific inductivity (DE) relative time of dummy slider.The DE size of dummy slider is 2-3, and this is approximately identical with Teflon .But the method for application of dummy slider (wet method, or dry method) is to not obviously influence of DE.The DE of urethane contrast dummy slider is lower than record value 4-8 slightly.The preferred dummy slider of the present invention at the trial between in, impregnated in quite stable under the situation of salts solution.Embodiment 2

Be used to paint the situation of the conventional coating of business aircraft relatively, we have also tested preferred embossing.As a comparison, on the BMS 10-79 Resins, epoxy bottom on 3 inches * 6 in2 024-T3 clad metal aluminium sheets of handling with Alodine 600 (a kind of chemical conversion coating), use BMS 10-60 urethane facial ornament layer.According to ASTM B117, the sheet material that is coated with is exposed in the salt mist environment.Sheet material periodically taken out to estimate with EIS test.

Figure 46 and 47 is paint coating Bode diagram as the function of maximum 24 day time.After 5 days salt fogs exposed, impedance is about 1Hz and raising along with frequency is reduced to.The rising of impedance begins decay.In long exposure duration, impedance begins decay under higher frequency.The resistance of isolated coating layer reduced along with exposure duration.

Figure 48 and 49 is dummy slider of the present invention Bode diagram in 11 day trial period.Impedance raises along with the reduction of frequency.It is constant that impedance keeps.The capacitive property of representing dummy slider near the negative of 90 degree.Compare with paint coating, this dummy slider is more salt spray resistance exposure obviously, and this shows under dummy slider basically without any corrosive nature, because dummy slider itself is exactly the steam isolation layer.

Although described embodiment preferred, those skilled in the art find out easily, can make various replacements, changes and improvements under the situation that does not deviate from purport of the present invention.Therefore, on the basis of this explanation, can fully explain, as long as can access the support of the known whole equivalent scope of those of ordinary skills to claim.These embodiment only are used to the present invention is described but not are used for limiting.Therefore, have only, could limit claim according to relevant prior art.

Claims (20)

1. A corrosion-resistant insert for substantially complete, bubble-free, wrinkle-free wrapping of a surface, comprising a vapor barrier for substantially reducing or eliminating the transfer of moisture to the surface, and a vapor barrier Adhesive on at least one surface of an adhesive for bonding the vapor barrier layer to the surface. 2. The panel of claim 1 further having a fluoroelastomer facing over the vapor barrier layer. 3. The panel of claim 1, wherein said vapor barrier layer is a fluoropolymer or a metallized polymer. 4. The insert according to claim 1, having, by moulding, substantially a Gaussian curvature in one axis and a varying curvature in the transverse axis. 5. The panel of claim 3, wherein said facing layer and vapor barrier layer are fluoropolymers, said facing layer comprising an antistatic layer. 6. A method for making the aircraft surface anti-corrosion, the method comprising the steps of: A panel is applied to an aircraft surface, the panel having a vapor barrier to substantially reduce or eliminate the transfer of moisture to the surface. 7. An anti-corrosion surface obtainable by the method of claim 6. 8. A coating system for use in place of conventional paint on metallic or composite aircraft parts or assemblies, comprising: (a) a vapor barrier that interfaces with the part or assembly in the intended area; and (b) Adhesive for bonding the vapor barrier layer to the component in predetermined areas. 9. The system according to claim 8, further comprising a topcoat overlying the vapor barrier layer, wherein at least one of said topcoat and said vapor barrier layer comprises an effective amount of at least one pigment to impart to said vapor barrier layer. at least one predetermined physical and chemical property of the system. 10. Part coated with the system of claim 8. 11. The system according to claim 8, in the form of a panel. 12. A method of replacing conventional coatings on metallic or composite aircraft parts or assemblies with a replaceable, sealable protective covering, the method comprising the steps of: (a) cutting the triangular strip of the vapor barrier layer into a plurality of panels suitable to cover the intended surface of the part; then (b) bonding the triangular pieces to the part; then (c) may optionally be sealed at the edge seams between these panels to obtain a continuous vapor barrier between the part and its environment, Wherein the vapor barrier layer can produce comparable corrosion protection on clad metal Al 2024 to parts with paint, chromate conversion coating, and chromate primer. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said vapor barrier layer includes at least one organic matrix resin finish layer laid thereon. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the facing layer, the vapor barrier layer, or both comprise pigments, plasticizers, extenders, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, dyes, reflectivity enhancers, fiber reinforcements , or at least one of a mixture thereof. 15. A method of ready repair for maintaining the integrity of a surface covering on an aircraft comprising the steps of: Inspect and repair or replace inserts located on one portion of the aircraft while other accumulated maintenance inspections, repairs, or restorations are performed on a different portion of the aircraft. 16. A paintless cladding system comprising: (a) a substrate having a surface; (b) adhesives on the surface; (c) a vapor barrier layer substantially covering the upper surface of the adhesive; and (d) Optionally include a facing layer bonded to the vapor barrier layer. 17. A method of sealing adjacent inserts on a substrate comprising the steps of: Applying the facing layer to the gaps between adjacent panels joins the panels to each other. 18. A method for sealing adjacent panels on a substrate to obtain a substantially continuous vapor barrier comprising the steps of: (a) defining a seam by positioning two panels on a substrate adjacent to each other, wherein each panel includes a vapor barrier layer made of a polymer; (b) applying a sealing panel with a vapor barrier layer to the seam forming an overlap between the sealing panel and the positioning panel; and (c) The edges of the sealing insert are optionally sealed with a polymer to bond the sealing insert to the positioning insert. 19. A method for substantially preventing corrosion on a portion of an aircraft comprising the steps of: A vapor barrier in the form of a panel is applied to the site to eliminate moisture transfer to the site. 20. A method for reducing the transfer of moisture to the honeycomb core of a composite honeycomb multilayer sheet, comprising the steps of: A vapor barrier is bonded to the panels of the board to reduce or eliminate moisture transfer to the core.

Images