CN1240330A - 微乳剂昆虫防治组合物 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
在这里公开的是不含常规活性成分的杀虫微乳剂。该微乳剂形式允许通过使用油/表面活性剂的混合物来杀死昆虫。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及不使用常规杀虫剂就能够杀死昆虫的微乳剂。在杀死具有坚硬蜡质甲壳的爬虫方面特别有用。
烃类溶剂有助于击倒昆虫。遗憾的是许多烃类溶剂易燃,因此常规昆虫防治剂往往通过油/水类乳剂输送。参见(例如)美国专利USP.5,145,604。该专利和这里涉及的其他所有出版物的公开内容在此引入作为参考,就好象它们在此处已完全阐明。
然而,许多现有技术的油/水乳剂是不稳定的。用户必须在使用前振摇容器从而临时再形成乳剂。因此,本领域技术人员开发出了稳定得多的含有水、烃、常规杀虫剂及一种或多种乳化剂的微乳剂。参见,例如美国专利USP.5,037,653。对本申请来说,“微乳剂”是一种油和水的透明、稳定分散体,分散相主要由直径为10-100毫微米的小滴组成。
然而,因为这些现有技术的杀虫剂含有常规杀虫剂活性成分,它们须经严格的规章制度控制并且成本较高,对其使用也有限制(例如不能距离食物太近),并且公众往往认为它们不符合环保要求。
有人曾经尝试把表面活性剂溶液直接施用于昆虫,作为一种更自然的杀虫方法。参见,例如美国专利USP 5,489,433。然而,这种方法对于有坚硬躯壳的昆虫如蜚蠊并不很有效。
因此,需要经改进并对环境安全的昆虫防治组合物。
发明概述
一方面,本发明提供了一种微乳剂。在该微乳剂中全部烃类溶剂的含量高于20%并低于60%(以重量计)。如果使用烃类发射剂,它也构成部分烃类溶剂,除去发射剂外的烃溶剂部分优选为全部微乳剂的15-35%(以重量计)。优选微乳剂在下面描述的“标准试验”中,在一分钟或更短的时间内,至少能“击倒”德国小蠊总数的80%。
以重量计,表面活性剂占微乳剂的1-20%,并且至少微乳剂重量的10%是水(优选高于30%)。重要的是微乳剂中基本上没有“常规杀虫活性成分”,该术语定义如下。
上述微乳剂优选以气雾剂形式输送。建议分散在微乳剂中的烃类发射剂占微乳剂重量的5%或者更多(例如10-25%)。
可用于此目的的气态烃种类繁多。它们在气雾剂罐的压力条件下通常为液化状态,成为部分烃类溶剂。例如,发射剂可以是二甲醚、二氟乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷及它们的混合物。特别优选的发射剂是Phillips Petroleum的B-70,这是一种丙烷/正丁烷/异丁烷的55/27/18(摩尔%)的混合物。另一种是Phillips Petroleum的A-70,它是一种45/55的(摩尔%)丙烷/异丁烷的混合物。对本专利来说,“烃类”只含有碳和氢。
可以使用的其他烃类溶剂种类繁多(除了发射剂)。这些非发射剂的烃类优选具有6-20个碳原子。其实例包括己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、矿油精(mineral spirits)、矿物油、d-苎烯、重质芳香石脑油、煤油、石蜡以及其它烷烃和烯烃。特别优选的烃类是Exxon/Esso的EXXSOL牌烃类。通常这些是低于C20的烃类混合物(烷烃;烯烃)尤其优选EXXSOLD-95和EXXSOL D-60。
表面活性剂可以是阳离子、阴离子、两性和非离子表面活性剂。然而,我们推荐使用阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的混合物。通常参见EP 677,579。
尤其优选的是基本上等量混合的异丙胺磺酸盐(Calimulse PRS;Pilot Chemical)和三苯乙烯基苯酚,如三苯乙烯基苯酚的乙氧基化物(Soprophor BSU;Rhone Poulenc)。其他合适的非离子表面活性剂是Soprophors 4D 384和FL,以及从伯和仲脂肪醇衍生的聚氧乙烯醚,其中在醇的烷基链上具有8-24个碳原子。而且,部分或全部的环氧乙烷单元可以用环氧丙烷单元代替。
其他合适的非离子清洁剂是聚氧化烯烷基酚;高级有机酸的聚亚烷基酯(polyalkylene esters),其中酸疏水部分有8个或更多个的碳原子,有10个或更多摩尔的环氧乙烷单元作为亲水基;聚亚烷基烷基胺(polyalkylene alkyl amines),其疏水基来自伯胺、仲胺或叔胺,并且它的环氧乙烷含量足够高,足以同时具有水溶性和非离子特性,通常是从具有8个或更多个碳原子的脂肪酸衍生而来;聚亚烷基烷基酰胺(polyalkylene alkyl amides),其疏水基是从脂肪酸或酯的酰胺衍生而来;二醇的脂肪酸酯、聚氧化烯嵌段共聚物等。
具有代表性的合适的阴离子表面活性剂是烷基上具有6-20个碳原子的烷芳基磺酸盐;C10-C22脂肪酸皂;C10-C22脂肪硫酸盐;C10-C22烷基磺酸盐,包括高级烷基的碱金属盐和线性石蜡磺酸及其盐;琥珀酸二烷基酯磺酸碱金属盐,醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐,磷酸酯、牛磺酸盐等。其他表面活性剂也可参见美国专利USP 5,037,653。
对本申请来说,“常规杀虫活性成分”是指具有杀虫活性的合成拟除虫菊酯(例如氯氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、右旋烯丙菊酯、苯醚菊酯、右旋苯醚菊酯、胺菊酯、卞呋菊酯、S-生物烯丙菊酯、烯丙菊酯、氯菊酯、生物烯丙菊酯和噻嗯菊酯),天然除虫菊(例如除虫菊素),有机磷酸酯(例如毒死稗),氨基甲酸酯(例如残杀威),以及氯代烃(例如甲氧滴滴涕)和杂环化合物(例如苯基吡咯类)。
为了在乳化剂含量较低时达到可以接受的性能,也可以使用共溶剂醇。优选加入有机伯醇的混合物。一种可以是碳含量在3-12个碳原子间的脂肪伯醇(例如1-辛醇(Alfol8)、1-己醇、1-戊醇或1-丁醇)。另一种可以是具有少于20个碳原子的非芳香族醚醇(例如二甘醇单己醚(己基卡必醇)、二甘醇单丁醚或丙二醇单丁醚)。还可以加入某些二元醇如己二醇、三甘醇或1,4-丁二醇。
当微乳剂中含有气体发射剂并且被加压封闭时,微乳剂可以用气雾罐喷洒。另一个可选择的方法是使用泵喷雾器(不用发射剂)。优选把喷雾液直接喷到爬虫上。因为喷雾液是微乳剂,所以很稳定。因此,如果气雾罐在工厂中已被振摇过,那么消费者在使用前就不必再振摇。
烃类有助于乳化剂穿透昆虫的外壳。这样乳化剂能更有效地将其击倒并且杀死害虫。由于是以微乳剂的形式存在,粒度在帮助穿透昆虫外壳方面特别重要。
因为烃类含量很高,所以微乳剂具有极好的击倒特性。而且,尽管烃类含量高,但其可燃性却低到可以接受的程度。
优选使用去离子水(例如以重量计20-50%)。还可以加入其他的标准添加剂,如缓蚀剂和香料。
微乳剂的优选pH值范围是pH6-8。pH值太低会导致腐蚀并对欲喷雾的表面产生有害影响。pH值太高会对欲喷的雾表面产生有害影响或引起消费者担心。
用这些微乳剂可以杀死的昆虫包括蜚蠊(例如德国小蠊、美洲大蠊)、蚂蚁、蠹虫和其他爬虫。
本发明的目标包括提供这样一种杀虫剂:(a)不含常规杀虫剂活性成分;(b)消费者在使用前不需要振摇;(c)对爬虫如蜚蠊有效;(d)生产比较便宜;(e)适合以气雾剂形式输送;及(f)甚至适合在有食物存在的地方附近使用。
下面的描述将清楚地解释本发明的这些目标和其他目标以及优点(例如这些微乳剂的使用方法)。下面的描述仅仅是优选实施方案。因此,要理解本发明的全部范围应该看权利要求书。
发明详述
实验制剂
百分比是重量百分比。
| 成分(重量) | A(微乳剂) | B(微乳剂) | C(微乳剂) |
| 烃类溶剂 | 25% Exxsol D-95 | 25% Exxsol D-95 | 25% Exxsol D-95 |
| 阴离子表面活性剂 | 2% Calimulse PRS | ----- | 2% Calimulse PRS |
| 阳离子表面活性剂 | ----- | 3% Vari quat K-300 | ----- |
| 非离子表面活性剂 | 2% Soprophor BSU | 2% Soprophor BSU | 2% Soprophor BSU |
| 共溶剂 | 8%己基卡必醇 | 8%己基卡必醇 | 8%己基卡必醇 |
| 共溶剂 | 1.4% 1-辛醇 | 1.2% 1-辛醇 | 1% 1-辛醇 |
| 发射剂 | 18% B-70 | ----- | 18% B-70 |
| 去离子水 | 43.20% | 60.8% | 43.55% |
| 香料 | .15% | ----- | .15% |
| 缓蚀剂 | .25% Elfugin AKT | ----- | .25% Elfugin AKT |
对爬虫的标准试验
为了检验化合物A-C的有效性(A和B是本发明的化合物;C是微乳剂),我们进行了直接喷雾击倒试验。在一组实验(“标准试验”)中,将七周龄的雄性德国小蠊成虫转移到干净的加过润滑脂的有机玻璃环(Lucite rings)(5cm高×10cm直径)中,其底部安装有铝筛(6×7目/厘米)。把蜚蠊的试验容器(每个中装有10只蜚蠊)放进水喷雾塔(Water’s Spray Tower)中并暴露在从上面46cm高处对准目标的喷雾中大约5秒。标准试验使用了1.5g杀虫剂。如下所述,我们还尝试使用了其他剂量。
在每次暴露/喷雾后,立即把蜚蠊转移到干净的加过润滑脂的玻璃电池槽中以便进行选定期间的观察。对本专利来说,一旦蜚蠊的背部翻转过来,就可以认为是被击倒(不考虑腿或触角的运动)。这是因为在这些试验中,一旦这些蜚蠊翻过背来,它们通常不会恢复。
相对于时间(S)的平均击倒%
| 样品 | g/rep | 15s | 30s | 45s | 60s | 75s | 90s | 105s | 120s |
| C | 2.04 | 68 | 63 | 66 | 72 | 79 | 83 | 89 | 92 |
| A | 1.46 | 65 | 82 | 89 | 95 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 对照 | N/A | 未处理 | 0 | ||||||
我们用其他优选的制剂进行了类似的试验。应理解的是上面的描述仅仅涉及了本发明的几个优选形式。其他形式也是可以接受的。例如,我们在微乳剂中曾经使用过其他烃类如d-苎烯。
工业适用性
本发明提供了对环境友好的杀虫剂。它尤其适合用作厨房或者室内植物的喷雾剂。
Claims (11)
1.一种杀虫微乳剂,它包括:高于微乳剂重量的20%并低于60%的烃类溶剂;占微乳剂重量1-20%的表面活性剂;和以重量计,至少10%的水;其中微乳剂基本上不含常规杀虫剂。
2.权利要求1的微乳剂,其中所述杀虫剂标准试验里,能在一分钟或更短的时间内,击倒德国小蠊总数的80%。
3.权利要求2的微乳剂,其中所述表面活性剂以重量计少于6%。
4.权利要求2的微乳剂,其中所述微乳剂重量的至少10%是烃类发射剂,并且除发射剂外的烃类溶剂少于微乳剂重量的35%。
5.权利要求4的微乳剂,其中所述发射剂选自二甲醚、二氟乙烷、丙烷、丁烷及其混合物。
6.权利要求2的微乳剂,其中所述表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。
7.权利要求2的微乳剂,其中还包括有机醇共溶剂。
8.权利要求7的微乳剂,其中所述的有机醇包括:具有3-12个碳原子的伯醇;及具有少于20个碳原子的醚醇。
9.权利要求8的微乳剂,其中所述的伯醇是1-辛醇,所述的醚醇是二甘醇单己醚。
10.一种击倒爬虫的方法,该方法包括:向爬虫的外表面喷洒有效量的权利要求1的微乳剂,由此使其背部翻转过来。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述昆虫选自蜚蠊、蚂蚁、蠼螋和蠹虫。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/768,547 | 1996-12-18 | ||
| US08/768,547 US6028117A (en) | 1996-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | Microemulsion insect control compositions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1240330A true CN1240330A (zh) | 2000-01-05 |
| CN1144522C CN1144522C (zh) | 2004-04-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971806810A Expired - Fee Related CN1144522C (zh) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-18 | 使用微乳剂昆虫防治组合物 |
Country Status (28)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6028117A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0946090B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2001506654A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100350954B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1144522C (zh) |
| AP (1) | AP1134A (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR008542A1 (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE236522T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU720431B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9713387A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2272617C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69720770T2 (zh) |
| EE (1) | EE9900199A (zh) |
| EG (1) | EG21189A (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2196392T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0000804A3 (zh) |
| LT (1) | LT4643B (zh) |
| LV (1) | LV12338B (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO992958L (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ335650A (zh) |
| OA (1) | OA11067A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL333430A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2190328C2 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK82599A3 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR199901338T2 (zh) |
| UA (1) | UA51749C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1998026655A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9711372B (zh) |
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| WO2002080673A1 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-17 | Brouard, Rodney, Walter | Plant invigorator |
| ITMI20010851A1 (it) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-23 | Piero Perucci | Composizione antiparassitaria e metodo di trattamento antiparassitario utilizzante la composizione |
| JP5568227B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-10 | 2014-08-06 | ライオン株式会社 | 殺虫剤組成物 |
| GB2551208B (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2020-04-22 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Pesticidal formulation |
| US10405552B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2019-09-10 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Composite insecticidal composition |
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| US4146499A (en) * | 1976-09-18 | 1979-03-27 | Rosano Henri L | Method for preparing microemulsions |
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-
1996
- 1996-12-18 US US08/768,547 patent/US6028117A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-18 HU HU0000804A patent/HUP0000804A3/hu unknown
- 1997-12-18 KR KR1019997005095A patent/KR100350954B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-18 EG EG135797A patent/EG21189A/xx active
- 1997-12-18 JP JP52802198A patent/JP2001506654A/ja active Pending
- 1997-12-18 ES ES97954605T patent/ES2196392T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 CA CA002272617A patent/CA2272617C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-18 BR BR9713387A patent/BR9713387A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-18 SK SK825-99A patent/SK82599A3/sk unknown
- 1997-12-18 CN CNB971806810A patent/CN1144522C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-18 NZ NZ335650A patent/NZ335650A/xx unknown
- 1997-12-18 DE DE69720770T patent/DE69720770T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-18 AU AU59017/98A patent/AU720431B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-18 AR ARP970105999A patent/AR008542A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-18 EE EEP199900199A patent/EE9900199A/xx unknown
- 1997-12-18 AT AT97954605T patent/ATE236522T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-18 WO PCT/US1997/023682 patent/WO1998026655A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-18 TR TR1999/01338T patent/TR199901338T2/xx unknown
- 1997-12-18 ZA ZA9711372A patent/ZA9711372B/xx unknown
- 1997-12-18 PL PL97333430A patent/PL333430A1/xx unknown
- 1997-12-18 AP APAP/P/1999/001574A patent/AP1134A/en active
- 1997-12-18 RU RU99115831/13A patent/RU2190328C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-18 EP EP97954605A patent/EP0946090B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 UA UA99063401A patent/UA51749C2/uk unknown
-
1999
- 1999-06-16 LT LT99-071A patent/LT4643B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 NO NO992958A patent/NO992958L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-17 LV LVP-99-98A patent/LV12338B/en unknown
- 1999-06-18 OA OA9900135A patent/OA11067A/en unknown
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