CN113917241A - Method, system, equipment and terminal for quickly measuring and estimating antenna directional diagram - Google Patents
Method, system, equipment and terminal for quickly measuring and estimating antenna directional diagram Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a method, a system, equipment and a terminal for quickly measuring and estimating an antenna directional diagram, wherein the method for quickly measuring and estimating the antenna directional diagram comprises the following steps: acquiring a characteristic model of the antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; and obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition, and verifying by virtue of electric field test results in a small number of discrete directions. The invention only needs to test a plurality of discrete points, and does not need the probe to carry out large-scale arc motion or large-area two-dimensional measurement surface scanning on the top of the antenna, thereby greatly reducing the cost and difficulty of the test; 3-dimensional directional diagram data are obtained through finite point testing, and the testing capability of the system is improved; the method can predict the test result of the full polarization through the single polarization test in principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a method, a system, equipment and a terminal for quickly measuring and estimating an antenna directional diagram.
Background
Currently, antennas as energy conversion devices have an irreplaceable important role in various electronic devices based on radio. For example, in various applications such as radar, communication, electronic countermeasure, electronic reconnaissance, and even medical equipment, it is necessary to use an antenna as a transmission or reception device of energy. This is the case in the transmission or reception of electromagnetic energy by such antennas, which are required to meet different directivity requirements due to different requirements. For example, a satellite communication antenna needs a high-gain beam to concentrate energy in a certain characteristic direction to form a needle-shaped beam so as to achieve the purpose of long-distance directional communication; the broadcast signal transmitting antenna hopes to generate beams covering in all directions, so as to achieve the effect of all-directional broadcasting. The index parameter describing the antenna directivity is a direction function, and the corresponding graph is represented as a directional diagram. In order to meet different application requirements, people design antennas with various directional characteristics to meet corresponding directional requirements, such as a reflector high-gain antenna, a symmetric array wide-beam antenna and the like. Further, in engineering applications, before these antennas are actually installed in the equipment system, one needs to perform an actual test on the directivity of the antennas to check whether the antenna directivity design meets the requirements, which is known as an antenna pattern test. The antenna pattern test is an indispensable link in antenna research and development and is an independent subject in the field of antenna research.
The antenna pattern test method of a typical antenna first requires the establishment of a transmit-receive link: the signal energy is converted into electromagnetic waves through a transmitting antenna, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to a receiving antenna after space propagation, the receiving antenna converts the electromagnetic waves into signals of a receiving end, and the amplitude phase proportion of the signals of the receiving end and the signals of the transmitting end is obtained after further processing. When the pointing direction of one antenna in the transmitting and receiving antennas is fixed and the pointing direction of the other antenna is changed by spatial relative angle motion through mechanical servo or other means, the recorded amplitude phase proportion corresponding to different discrete angles can reflect the change of the transmitting or receiving capacity of the rotating antenna along with the change of different spatial angles to form a direction function or a numerical value on a part of discrete sampling points of a directional diagram. If these sample points cover 2 major facets of the antenna, such as the E-plane or H-plane, a 2-dimensional pattern curve of the facets is constructed. If a large amount of measurement is carried out to obtain the directional sampling point data of different directions of the antenna in a half space or even a whole space, 3-dimensional directional data can be formed. The testing of 3-dimensional patterns is very complex when polarization properties are taken into account.
An antenna pattern as referred to in conventional radio applications refers to a far field pattern, i.e. a corresponding pattern of the antenna in the area where the radiation field occupies the body. Therefore, the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is required to meet the far-field condition in the far-field direct test of the antenna. For a planar antenna, the transmit-receive spacing required for far field conditions is greater than 2D2And/lambda. For monopole or dipole electrically small antennas, the far field condition requires a transmit-receive spacing of greater than 10 λ. When the transceiving spacing is larger than this distance, far field direct testing may be employed. Another indirect far-field pattern testing method is a near-field testing method, in which a probe is used to perform discrete field sampling test on a surface surrounding a near-field region of an antenna to be tested, and near-far field transformation is performed by using the huygens principle and the sampling theorem to obtain a far-field pattern of the antenna to be tested.
For the method adopting the near-field test, because the probe is required to be accurately moved and sampled within the range of 2-dimensional sampling surface of hundreds of meters or even kilometers, if a fixed frame guide rail is adopted, the cost is too high to be feasible; if adopt moving platform to carry the probe like unmanned aerial vehicle, face positioning accuracy again not enough, continuation of the journey can not enough, receive weather influence too big scheduling problem and can't ensure measuring accuracy test coverage. For the method adopting far-field test, because it is not feasible to move or rotate the ground environment of tens of meters, the antenna only has the rotation capability of azimuth dimension at most, so if the receiving probe is fixed on a long-distance tower (as the condition provided by the conventional far-field test), the test system can only obtain a directional diagram tangent line of a certain fixed pitch angle along with the rotation of the antenna; if the guide rail is erected on the tower, even if the probe only performs one-dimensional arc motion, the arc guide rail tower of dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters is needed, and the manufacturing cost and the cost are very high. In order to obtain 3-dimensional overall pattern data, it is necessary to repeat the rotation of the antenna and the movement of the probe on the guide rail. In summary, if the conventional method is adopted for the low-frequency-band antenna directivity test aiming at obtaining the 3-dimensional directional pattern, the cost, the test difficulty and the test time of the conventional method far exceed the expectation of people, and the feasibility of the conventional method is greatly limited. There is an urgent need to develop new testing strategies and methods.
For antennas with lower frequencies, for example antennas operating at several tens of MHz, the operating wavelength is larger. This results in, on the one hand, a very large size of the antenna system itself; and on the other hand, the far-field transceiving distance requirement is also large. Moreover, to make the test result consistent with the actual use, the environment around the antenna is consistent with the actual use, and especially the area to be considered for the reflection effect of the ground is very large; for example, a typical size of a 30MHz dipole antenna reaches about 5m, and the diameter of a ground area affecting the radiation characteristic of the antenna also reaches dozens of meters; the far field transceiving distance reaches 100 m. In this case, the adoption of both near field and far field is very challenging.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) for the method adopting the near-field test, if the fixed frame guide rail is adopted, the cost is too large and is hardly feasible; if adopt moving platform to carry the probe like unmanned aerial vehicle, face positioning accuracy again not enough, continuation of the journey can not enough, receive weather influence too big scheduling problem and can't ensure measuring accuracy test coverage.
(2) For the far-field test method, if the receiving probe is fixed on a tower frame at a long distance, the test system can only obtain a directional diagram tangent line of a certain fixed pitching angle; if the guide rail is erected on the tower, an arc guide rail tower with the length of dozens of meters or even about one hundred meters is needed, and the manufacturing cost and the cost are very high.
(3) The low-frequency-band antenna directivity test aiming at obtaining the 3-dimensional directional diagram greatly limits the feasibility of the low-frequency-band antenna test because the cost, the test difficulty and the test time of the traditional method are far beyond the expectation of people.
(4) The existing antenna with lower frequency has larger working wavelength, which can cause the antenna system to have very large size on one hand, and has very large requirement on far-field transceiving distance on the other hand.
(5) The existing antenna with lower frequency is required to make the test result consistent with the practical use, the environment around the antenna is consistent with the practical use, especially the area required to be considered for the reflection effect of the ground is very large, and the antenna faces a great challenge in both near field and far field.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
(1) for the method adopting the near-field test, because the probe is required to be accurately moved and sampled within the range of 2-dimensional sampling surface of hundreds of meters or even kilometers, if a fixed frame guide rail is adopted, the cost is too high to be feasible; if adopt moving platform to carry the probe like unmanned aerial vehicle, face positioning accuracy again not enough, continuation of the journey can not enough, receive weather influence too big scheduling problem and can't ensure measuring accuracy test coverage.
(2) For the method adopting far-field test, because it is not feasible to move or rotate the ground environment of tens of meters, the antenna only has the rotation capability of azimuth dimension at most, so if the receiving probe is fixed on a long-distance tower (as the condition provided by the conventional far-field test), the test system can only obtain a directional diagram tangent line of a certain fixed pitch angle along with the rotation of the antenna; if the guide rail is erected on the tower, even if the probe only performs one-dimensional arc motion, the arc guide rail tower of dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters is needed, and the manufacturing cost and the cost are very high. In order to obtain 3-dimensional overall pattern data, it is necessary to repeat the rotation of the antenna and the movement of the probe on the guide rail. In summary, if the conventional method is adopted for the low-frequency-band antenna directivity test aiming at obtaining the 3-dimensional directional pattern, the cost, the test difficulty and the test time of the conventional method far exceed the expectation of people, and the feasibility of the conventional method is greatly limited. There is an urgent need to develop new testing strategies and methods.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: if the hardware size, complexity cost and relevant site requirements of a test system of the low-frequency band antenna can be reduced, the working time and control complexity of antenna test are reduced at the same time, a simple and feasible test method is formed, and research and development and practicability of the low-frequency band antenna by people can be greatly promoted and accelerated. Meanwhile, if the new test method can provide a 3-dimensional full-polarization directional diagram test result, a more complete data base can be provided for various equipment platforms based on the low-frequency antenna, the overall characteristics of the system can be estimated and known more clearly and completely, and various application equipment technical levels of the low-frequency radio system can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method, a system, equipment and a terminal for quickly measuring and estimating an antenna directional diagram, and particularly relates to a method, a system, equipment and a terminal for quickly measuring and estimating an antenna directional diagram based on a characteristic model.
The invention is realized in this way, a method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
Further, the method for rapidly measuring and estimating the antenna directional pattern comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation; in a low frequency band, the antenna structure is generally simpler, and although the geometric dimension is heavy, the electrical structure is relatively smaller, so that the number of effective modes is limited, the field structure is relatively simple, and the mode field theory can clearly explain the generation mechanism of the antenna direction diagram.
Step two, obtaining excitation coefficients of all characteristic modes through measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions; the step only needs to test a plurality of discrete points, and does not need the probe to carry out large-scale arc motion or large-area two-dimensional measurement surface scanning on the top of the antenna, so that the cost and the difficulty of the test are greatly reduced.
And step three, obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition. 3-dimensional directional diagram data are obtained through finite point testing, and the testing capability of the system is improved; in addition, the method can predict the test result of the full polarization through the test of single polarization in principle. The multiple improvement inevitably greatly improves the application range of the low-frequency antenna test system.
Further, in the first step, the obtaining of the characteristic model of the antenna to be measured and the 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on the calculation includes:
modeling an antenna for a given antenna structure, and acquiring the number M of all effective characteristic modes of the antenna to be tested and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on simulation calculation; selecting the direction with larger relative difference of the contribution degrees of the characteristic modes
N is the number of directions, and M is temporarily taken to be 9 according to the characteristics of the characteristic mode electric field; deriving data for each characteristic mode field strength for said direction for a given polarization
Wherein m is the characteristic module number, n is the direction number,
component momentArray [ E ]]Standby; wherein the matrix [ E]The expression of (a) is as follows:
the antenna entity is supposed to carry out far field specified polarization test of each single angle in a typical simplified far field, and specified polarization radiation fields at discrete angles are obtained
Further, in step two, the obtaining of excitation coefficients of each eigenmode through measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions includes:
obtaining characteristic mode excitation coefficients by means of the test and calculation results, including:
according to the antenna characteristic mode theory, the eigenmode field and the antenna radiation field satisfy the following relationship:
wherein alpha ism,n∈[1,M]Is the excitation coefficient of the characteristic mode.
Based on test acquisition
And obtained by calculation
Solving for alpha by the following formulam,n∈[1,M]：
Further, in step three, the obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition includes:
acquiring a 3-dimensional radiation field distribution function and a corresponding directional diagram at any angle through a characteristic model theory and a superposition theorem:
and additionally selecting a plurality of other testing directions in the antenna single-angle test, and verifying the obtained superposition result.
During the test, N is selected>M, fitting out optimal alpha by adopting a least square methodm,n∈[1,M]As a parameter for the superposition.
Any one polarization component is selected to operate as a parameter during the test, while the 3-dimensional results are generated for the calculation of the other polarization, i.e. in principle a test result for a full polarization is obtained with a test for a single polarization.
Further, the method for rapidly measuring and estimating the antenna directional pattern relies on a simplified version of a typical test system, and is used for testing a plurality of discrete specified-direction radiation fields of the transmitting antenna under given excitation.
The typical test system comprises a transmitting antenna to be tested, a rotary table, a network analyzer, a receiving probe, a tool and a cable; the transmitting antenna to be detected is erected on the rotary table and is connected with a transmitting end of the network analyzer through a cable; the receiving antenna is erected on the tool and is connected with a receiving end of the network analyzer through a cable.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a system for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern by using the method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern, wherein the system for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern comprises:
the system comprises a to-be-detected antenna data acquisition module, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the to-be-detected antenna data acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic model of the to-be-detected antenna and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation;
the mode excitation coefficient acquisition module is used for acquiring each characteristic mode excitation coefficient through the measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions;
and the antenna directional pattern acquisition module is used for acquiring a 3-dimensional directional pattern of the antenna through mode superposition.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used for implementing the antenna directional diagram rapid measurement and estimation system.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the antenna directional diagram rapid measurement and estimation method provided by the invention, the test system only needs to test a plurality of discrete points, and does not need the probe to perform large-scale arc motion or large-area two-dimensional measurement surface scanning on the top of the antenna, so that the test cost and difficulty are greatly reduced; on the other hand, 3-dimensional directional diagram data is obtained through finite point testing, and the testing capability of the system is improved; the method can predict the test result of the full polarization through the single polarization test in principle, reduce the hardware size, the complexity cost and the related site requirements of the test system of the low-frequency-band antenna, reduce the working time and the control complexity of the antenna test at the same time, form a simple and feasible test method, and can greatly promote and accelerate the research and development and the practicability of people on the low-frequency-band antenna. Meanwhile, if the new test method can provide a 3-dimensional full-polarization directional diagram test result, a more complete data base can be provided for various equipment platforms based on the low-frequency antenna, the overall characteristics of the system can be estimated and known more clearly and completely, and various application equipment technical levels of the low-frequency radio system can be improved.
The multiple improvement inevitably greatly improves the application range of the low-frequency antenna test system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a system for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an antenna data acquisition module to be tested; 2. a mode excitation coefficient acquisition module; 3. and an antenna directional pattern obtaining module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculation result of mode field and mode weight coefficients of a typical antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electric field with errors generated by a simulation test provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electric field synthesized by solving for a mode field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a 3D electric field synthesized by a mode field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a simplified far-field test system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a comparison far-field test system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, a system, a device and a terminal for fast measuring and estimating an antenna directional pattern, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna pattern provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, acquiring a characteristic model of the antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation;
s102, obtaining excitation coefficients of all characteristic modes through measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions;
and S103, obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition.
A schematic diagram of a method for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna pattern provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the system for rapidly measuring and estimating an antenna pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the system comprises an antenna to be tested data acquisition module 1, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the antenna to be tested data acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be tested and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation;
the mode excitation coefficient acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring each characteristic mode excitation coefficient through the measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions;
and the antenna directional pattern obtaining module 3 is used for obtaining a 3-dimensional directional pattern of the antenna through mode superposition.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The antenna directional diagram rapid measurement and estimation method based on the characteristic model provided by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a test system based on the method is composed of a transmitting antenna to be tested, a rotary table, a network analyzer, a receiving probe, a tool and a cable. The antenna to be tested can be a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. Firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further verification can be performed by means of the electric field test results of a small number of discrete directions. The invention obtains the 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna by testing in a limited number of discrete directions, is suitable for the low-frequency antenna with larger size, simplifies the low-frequency antenna testing system, reduces the testing difficulty and improves the testing efficiency.
The antenna directional pattern rapid measurement and estimation method based on the characteristic mode provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 3 basic steps:
acquiring a characteristic model of the antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation; obtaining excitation coefficients of all characteristic modes through measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions; obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition;
the antenna directional pattern rapid measurement and estimation method based on the characteristic model provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on a simplified version test system and is used for testing some discrete specified direction radiation fields of the transmitting antenna under given excitation. A typical test system includes: the device comprises a transmitting antenna to be tested, a rotary table, a network analyzer, a receiving probe, a tool and a cable. The transmitting antenna to be detected is erected on the rotary table and connected with the transmitting end of the network analyzer through a cable, and the receiving antenna is erected on the tool and connected with the receiving end of the network analyzer through a cable.
The antenna directional pattern rapid measurement and estimation method based on the characteristic mode provided by the embodiment of the invention can be further verified by means of electric field test results in a small number of discrete directions. And the reliability of the test system is enhanced.
Example 2
The invention is achieved in that, for a given antenna configuration:
modeling the antenna, and acquiring the number M of all effective characteristic models of the antenna to be tested and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each model based on simulation calculation; and selecting several directions with relatively great difference in characteristic mode contribution
N is the number of directions, and M is temporarily 9 according to the characteristic of the characteristic mode electric field. Deriving data for a given polarization of the respective characteristic mode field strengths for the several directions
Wherein m is the characteristic module number and n is the direction number.
Composition matrix [ E]And (5) standby.
Further, the antenna entity performs far field specified polarization tests of each single angle in a typical simplified version far field according to the hypothesis, and obtains specified polarization radiation fields at the discrete angles
Further, the characteristic mode excitation coefficients can be obtained by the above test and calculation results. The method comprises the following specific steps:
according to the antenna characteristic mode theory, the eigenmode field and the antenna radiation field satisfy the following relationship:
wherein alpha ism,n∈[1,M]Is the excitation coefficient of the characteristic mode. Thus based on equation (2), obtained based on testing
And obtained by calculation
Can solve alpha by the formula (3)m,n∈[1,M]。
Further, by the eigen-mode theory and the superposition theorem, a 3-dimensional radiation field distribution function at any angle and a corresponding directional diagram can be obtained:
furthermore, in the antenna single-angle test, a plurality of other test directions can be additionally selected, and the superposition result based on the formula (4) is verified.
Further in the above test procedure, N may also be selected>M, fitting out optimal alpha by adopting a least square methodm,n∈[1,M]As a parameter of the superposition of formula (4).
Further, any one polarization component may be selected as a parameter to operate during the above test procedure, and the 3-dimensional result generation of equation (4) may be used for the calculation of other polarizations. I.e. in principle a test with a single polarization can be used to obtain a test result with a full polarization.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: on one hand, the test system only needs to test a plurality of discrete points, and does not need the probe to perform large-scale arc motion or large-area two-dimensional measurement surface scanning on the top of the antenna, so that the test cost and difficulty are greatly reduced; on the other hand, 3-dimensional directional diagram data is obtained through finite point testing, and the testing capability of the system is improved; in addition, the method can predict the test result of the full polarization through the test of single polarization in principle.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, the testing procedure of the present invention is as follows:
firstly, 15 characteristic modes of the antenna to be measured and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode are obtained based on calculation. FIG. 4 shows the mode fields of a typical low-frequency antenna band ground model
Tangent distribution and mode weighting coefficients. It can be seen that the number M of effective characteristic modes of the antenna is 5; field contribution of each mode in different directions
Are different from each other;
the following direction, θ, was selected as the test directionn＝[-90°,-80°，-53°，-30°，0°，30°，53°，80°，90°]，
The mode fields for each mode in these directions are:
then, the test results of the simulated physical antenna in these directions are:
to fit the real test case, random amplitude and phase errors were added to the field, the result is shown in fig. 5, and the synthetic result solved by the mode field is shown in fig. 6.
Further, by means of the test and calculation results, the excitation coefficients of the characteristic modes can be further obtained by solving the Penrose generalized inverse of the matrix. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the pattern obtained by the simulation is shown in fig. 7 (a). Finally, by the theory of characteristic model and the superposition theorem
And acquiring a 3-dimensional radiation field distribution function of any angle and a corresponding directional diagram. The results are shown in FIG. 7 (b).
It can be seen that since the antenna structure is generally simpler at low frequency bands, the number of active modes is limited and the field structure is relatively simple, since the electrical structure is relatively small, although the geometry is bulky. Therefore, the mode field theory can clearly explain the generation mechanism of the antenna direction diagram, and the method can also clearly give out the generation process of the 3-dimensional direction diagram.
Fig. 8 shows a simplified test system required in the above test process, and it can be seen that, in the test process, firstly, the signal generated by the transmitting module 31 in the instrument is fed to the antenna 1 to be tested erected on the turntable 2 through the cable 62, the antenna converts the signal energy into a radiation electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave is propagated through the space and reaches the receiving probe 4 erected on the tower 5, the receiving antenna converts the electromagnetic wave into a signal of a receiving end, the signal is sent to the instrument receiving module 32 through the cable 62, and the amplitude phase ratio of the signal of the receiving end and the signal of the transmitting end is obtained after further processing. Fig. 9 shows a comparative test system, in which the receiving probe is located on a large guide rail 5, and the stepping movement is precisely controlled by a servo mechanism and passes through the zenith direction of the antenna to be tested.
On one hand, the test system only needs to test a plurality of discrete points, and does not need a probe to perform large-scale arc motion or large-area two-dimensional measurement surface scanning on the top of the antenna, so that the test cost and difficulty are greatly reduced; on the other hand, 3-dimensional directional diagram data is obtained through finite point testing, and the testing capability of the system is improved; in addition, the method can predict the test result of the full polarization through the test of single polarization in principle. The multiple improvement inevitably greatly improves the application range of the low-frequency antenna test system.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When used in whole or in part, can be implemented in a computer program product that includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded or executed on a computer, cause the flow or functions according to embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.)). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that includes one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly measuring and estimating an antenna directional diagram is characterized in that the method for quickly measuring and estimating the antenna directional diagram is to firstly obtain a characteristic model of an antenna to be measured and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
2. The method for rapid antenna pattern measurement and estimation according to claim 1, wherein said method for rapid antenna pattern measurement and estimation comprises the steps of:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation;
step two, obtaining excitation coefficients of all characteristic modes through measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions;
and step three, obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition.
3. The method for rapid measurement and estimation of an antenna pattern according to claim 2, wherein in step one, the obtaining of the characteristic model of the antenna to be measured and the 3-dimensional field strength data corresponding to each mode based on the calculation includes:
modeling an antenna for a given antenna structure, and acquiring the number M of all effective characteristic modes of the antenna to be tested and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on simulation calculation; selecting the direction with larger relative difference of the contribution degrees of the characteristic modes
N is the number of directions, and M is temporarily taken to be 9 according to the characteristics of the characteristic mode electric field; deriving said directionData of a specified polarization of the field intensity of each characteristic mode
Wherein m is the characteristic module number, n is the direction number,
composition matrix [ E]Standby; wherein the matrix [ E]The expression of (a) is as follows:
the antenna entity is supposed to carry out far field specified polarization test of each single angle in a typical simplified far field, and specified polarization radiation fields at discrete angles are obtained
4. The method for rapid measurement and estimation of antenna patterns according to claim 2, wherein in step two, the obtaining of the excitation coefficients of the characteristic modes through the measurement of the radiation fields in a small number of discrete directions comprises:
obtaining characteristic mode excitation coefficients by means of the test and calculation results, including:
according to the antenna characteristic mode theory, the eigenmode field and the antenna radiation field satisfy the following relationship:
wherein alpha ism,n∈[1,M]Excitation coefficients for the characteristic modes;
based on test acquisition
And obtained by calculation
Solving for alpha by the following formulam,n∈[1,M]：
5. The method for fast measuring and estimating an antenna pattern according to claim 2, wherein in step three, the obtaining a 3-dimensional pattern of the antenna by mode superposition includes:
acquiring a 3-dimensional radiation field distribution function and a corresponding directional diagram at any angle through a characteristic model theory and a superposition theorem:
additionally selecting a plurality of other testing directions in the antenna single-angle test, and verifying the obtained superposition result;
during the test, N is selected>M, fitting out optimal alpha by adopting a least square methodm,n∈[1,M]As a parameter of the superposition;
any one polarization component is selected to operate as a parameter during the test, while the 3-dimensional results are generated for the calculation of the other polarization, i.e. in principle a test result for a full polarization is obtained with a test for a single polarization.
6. The method for rapid measurement and estimation of antenna patterns according to claim 1, wherein the method for rapid measurement and estimation of antenna patterns relies on a simplified version of a typical test system for testing the discrete specified directional radiation field of a transmitting antenna under a given excitation;
the typical test system comprises a transmitting antenna to be tested, a rotary table, a network analyzer, a receiving probe, a tool and a cable; the transmitting antenna to be detected is erected on the rotary table and is connected with a transmitting end of the network analyzer through a cable; the receiving antenna is erected on the tool and is connected with a receiving end of the network analyzer through a cable.
7. An antenna pattern rapid measurement and estimation system implementing the antenna pattern rapid measurement and estimation method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the antenna pattern rapid measurement and estimation system comprises:
the system comprises a to-be-detected antenna data acquisition module, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the to-be-detected antenna data acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic model of the to-be-detected antenna and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode based on calculation;
the mode excitation coefficient acquisition module is used for acquiring each characteristic mode excitation coefficient through the measurement of a small number of radiation fields in discrete directions;
and the antenna directional pattern acquisition module is used for acquiring a 3-dimensional directional pattern of the antenna through mode superposition.
8. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
firstly, acquiring a characteristic model of an antenna to be detected and 3-dimensional field intensity data corresponding to each mode through calculation; then measuring the radiation field of the antenna in a small number of discrete directions corresponding to the characteristic module number through a receiving and transmitting system, and inverting the excitation coefficient of each characteristic mode through the measurement result; then obtaining a 3-dimensional directional diagram of the antenna through mode superposition; further validation was performed with the help of the results of electric field tests in a few discrete directions.
10. An information data processing terminal characterized by being used for implementing the antenna pattern fast measurement and estimation system as claimed in claim 7.
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