CN113878136A - Method for processing deep inclined two-section hole on engine case - Google Patents
Method for processing deep inclined two-section hole on engine case Download PDFInfo
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- CN113878136A CN113878136A CN202111056466.XA CN202111056466A CN113878136A CN 113878136 A CN113878136 A CN 113878136A CN 202111056466 A CN202111056466 A CN 202111056466A CN 113878136 A CN113878136 A CN 113878136A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a deep inclined two-section hole on an engine casing, which comprises the following steps: s10, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole by adopting a short-edge cutter to form a first primary inclined hole; s20, a long-edge cutter is adopted, the long-edge cutter penetrates through the first primary inclined hole and is guided through the first primary inclined hole, and rough machining is carried out on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole; and S30, performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole by using a finish machining cutter to form a first section of inclined hole by the first primary inclined hole, and performing finish machining on the second primary inclined hole to form a second section of inclined hole by the second primary inclined hole. The processing method of the deep inclined two-section hole on the engine case is beneficial to ensuring the coaxiality requirement of the first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method for machining two deep oblique sections of holes in an engine case.
Background
The casing assembly of the engine is an important part on the aeroengine, precise inclined holes are formed in the inner part and the periphery of the casing, and the requirements on the aperture and the position degree of the precise inclined holes are high.
As shown in fig. 1, a certain engine case is provided with two deep oblique holes (precision oblique holes) obliquely arranged along an axial direction, the two deep oblique holes include a first section of oblique holes and a second section of oblique holes which are axially arranged at intervals, a spacing gap is formed between the first section of oblique holes and the second section of oblique holes, the first section of oblique holes are through holes, the second section of oblique holes are blind holes, and the precision oblique holes are multi-section holes.
The engine case is made of stainless steel ZG0Cr16Ni4NbCu3, and the existing methods for machining the precise inclined hole comprise the following two methods: one is to carry out precise inclined hole processing in a vertical processing center, and adopts a long drill to lead the depth of the precise inclined hole to be processed in place at one time, and has the following problems: the long drill bit has difficult chip removal, partial chips are always deposited at the bottom of a hole, the long drill bit is easy to break due to chip extrusion, when the long drill bit is processed to the bottom of the hole, most of cutting edges are buried in the hole, cooling liquid is difficult to reach the drill bit, the cutting heat aggravates the abrasion of the long drill bit, the long drill bit has radial run-out, and when the long drill bit is contacted with the surface of a part for cutting, the drill bit can generate deflection to influence the size and the position degree of an orifice; the other method is to carry out precise inclined hole machining in a horizontal machining center, wherein the cutter is horizontally installed, when the precise inclined hole machining is carried out, the cutter extends out of a main shaft of a machine tool to be too long, a droop tendency generated by self gravity can be formed, the position degree and the straightness of a deep hole are influenced, and when the deep hole is machined, a boring cutter is too long, the rigidity is poor, the cutter is seriously withdrawn, and the precise positioning effect cannot be realized, so that the surface of the precise hole has deeper vibration lines, and the roughness requirement cannot be met. In the existing precision inclined hole machining process, the phenomena of aperture out-of-tolerance, hole wall channeling and unqualified coaxiality of the first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole easily occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for processing a deep inclined two-section hole on an engine casing, which aims to solve the technical problem that the coaxiality of a first section inclined hole and a second section inclined hole is unqualified in the existing precision inclined hole processing process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a processing method of two deep oblique holes on an engine case is characterized in that the engine case is provided with two deep oblique holes which are obliquely arranged along the axial direction, the two deep oblique holes comprise a first section oblique hole and a second section oblique hole which are axially arranged at intervals, the first section oblique hole is a through hole, the second section oblique hole is a blind hole, and the processing is carried out in a vertical processing center, and the processing method comprises the following steps: s10, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole by adopting a short-edge cutter to form a first primary inclined hole; s20, a long-edge cutter is adopted, the long-edge cutter penetrates through the first primary inclined hole and is guided through the first primary inclined hole, and rough machining is carried out on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole; and S30, performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole by using a finish machining cutter to form a first section of inclined hole by the first primary inclined hole, and performing finish machining on the second primary inclined hole to form a second section of inclined hole by the second primary inclined hole.
Further, step S10 specifically includes: s101, processing a guide inclined plane at a feed position of a design position of the first section of inclined hole by using a short-edge cutter so as to enable the guide inclined plane to be perpendicular to a design central axis of the first section of inclined hole; s102, machining a central guide hole matched with a designed central axis of the first section of inclined hole on the guide inclined plane by using a short-edge cutter; s103, guiding by a central guide hole by using a short-blade cutter, and roughly machining along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole on the engine case to form a first-stage inclined hole with the target depth; and S104, guiding by using a short-edge cutter through the primary inclined hole, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole to form a secondary inclined hole communicated with the primary inclined hole, and combining the primary inclined hole and the secondary inclined hole to form a first primary inclined hole.
Further, step S103 specifically includes: adopting a first machining drill to guide through a central guide hole, and roughly machining along the design angle of a first section of inclined hole on an engine casing to form a preposed small hole with a target depth; and a first boring cutter is adopted, the guide is carried out through a central guide hole, and the preposed small hole is processed to form a primary inclined hole with the target depth.
Further, step S104 specifically includes: a second machining drill is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first-stage inclined hole, rough machining is carried out on the engine casing along the design angle of the first-stage inclined hole, and the second-stage inclined hole is machined in a segmented mode; and withdrawing the cutter after each section of machining is finished, so that the second machining drill is withdrawn out of the first-stage inclined hole, the second machining drill and the inner hole formed by the second machining drill are cleaned, and the second-stage inclined hole is formed step by step until the second-stage inclined hole is formed finally.
Further, the guide inclined plane is formed by machining through a first milling cutter, and/or the central guide hole is formed by machining through a first central drill, and/or the first-stage inclined hole is formed by machining through a first machining drill and a first boring cutter in sequence, and/or the second-stage inclined hole is formed by machining through a second machining drill.
Further, step S20 specifically includes: s201, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through a first primary inclined hole, and a guide slope is processed at a feed position of a design position of a second section of inclined hole on an engine casing, so that the guide slope is perpendicular to a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole and is arranged; s202, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first primary inclined hole, and a central guide hole matched with a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole is formed in the guide slope surface in a machining mode; s203, guiding by using a long-edge cutter through the first primary inclined hole and the central guide hole, and processing to form a three-stage inclined hole on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole; and S204, guiding the first primary inclined hole and the third-level inclined hole by using a long-edge cutter, and processing the hole bottom of the third-level inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole by processing the third-level inclined hole.
Further, the guide inclined plane is machined and formed by a second milling cutter, and/or the central guide hole is machined and formed by a second central drill, and/or the three-level inclined hole is machined and formed by a third machining drill, and/or the hole bottom of the three-level inclined hole is machined by a long buried drill.
Further, step S30 specifically includes: and (3) adopting a reamer to perform finish machining along the direction from the first primary inclined hole to the second primary inclined hole in the axial direction of the first primary inclined hole until two deep inclined sections of holes are formed by final machining.
Further, the head of the drill bit of the first center drill and/or the drill bit of the second center drill is provided with two cutting surfaces which are arranged relatively, a chisel edge is arranged between the two cutting surfaces, a main edge and an auxiliary edge are arranged on the cutting surfaces, the end portions of the main edge extend outwards and outwards, the auxiliary edge extends along the circumferential direction, the auxiliary edge is far away from one side of the main edge and is provided with a guide edge extending along the circumferential direction, the drill bit is centered when drilling through the chisel edge, and the drill bit is prevented from swinging by mutually matching the guide edge and the auxiliary edge after drilling and simultaneously supporting the inner wall surface of the hole.
Further, the width of the chisel edge is 0.5 to 0.7 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the processing method of the deep inclined two-section hole on the engine case adopts a vertical processing center to process, comprises a set of short-edge cutter and a set of long-edge cutter, wherein the edge length of the long-edge cutter is longer than that of the short-edge cutter, and the short-edge cutter is adopted to carry out rough processing on the engine case to form a first primary inclined hole, so that the phenomena that the long drill is easy to lose guidance, generate vibration, deflection or fracture and further cause the aperture out-of-tolerance and the hole wall grooving after the precise inclined hole is processed in place by directly adopting the long drill in the prior art are avoided; the long-edge cutter is adopted to perform rough machining on the engine casing to form a second primary inclined hole, the second primary inclined hole and the first primary inclined hole are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of two deep inclined sections of holes, the long-edge cutter moves along the axial direction of the first primary inclined hole under the guidance of the first primary inclined hole, the deflection angle is small in the machining process, the problem that the long-edge cutter is easy to jump, shift or break when the long-edge cutter drills obliquely during the machining of the second primary inclined hole is avoided, the coaxiality requirement of the second primary inclined hole and the first primary inclined hole is favorably ensured, and the coaxiality requirement of the first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole is further ensured; and performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole and the second primary inclined hole to form two deep inclined sections of holes, wherein the surface roughness of the two deep inclined sections of holes meets the requirement.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an engine case of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for machining a deep two-section bore in an engine case according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a method of machining two deep oblique holes in an engine case according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a drill bit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the drill bit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a first side view of the drill bit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a second side view of the drill bit of FIG. 4.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an engine case of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for machining a deep two-section bore in an engine case according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a method of machining two deep oblique holes in an engine case according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a drill bit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a front view of the drill bit of FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a first side view of the drill bit of FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a second side view of the drill bit of FIG. 4.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the method for processing two deep oblique holes on an engine case of the present embodiment, two deep oblique holes are obliquely arranged along an axial direction on the engine case, and the two deep oblique holes include a first section of oblique holes and a second section of oblique holes which are axially arranged at intervals, where the first section of oblique holes are through holes, and the second section of oblique holes are blind holes, and the method is processed in a vertical processing center, and includes the following steps: s10, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole by adopting a short-edge cutter to form a first primary inclined hole; s20, a long-edge cutter is adopted, the long-edge cutter penetrates through the first primary inclined hole and is guided through the first primary inclined hole, and rough machining is carried out on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole; and S30, performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole by using a finish machining cutter to form a first section of inclined hole by the first primary inclined hole, and performing finish machining on the second primary inclined hole to form a second section of inclined hole by the second primary inclined hole.
The processing method of the deep inclined two-section hole on the engine case adopts a vertical processing center to process, comprises a set of short-edge cutter and a set of long-edge cutter, wherein the edge length of the long-edge cutter is longer than that of the short-edge cutter, and the short-edge cutter is adopted to carry out rough processing on the engine case to form a first primary inclined hole, so that the phenomena that the long drill is easy to lose guidance, generate vibration, deflection or fracture and further cause the aperture out-of-tolerance and the hole wall grooving after the precise inclined hole is processed in place by directly adopting the long drill in the prior art are avoided; the long-edge cutter is adopted to perform rough machining on the engine casing to form a second primary inclined hole, the second primary inclined hole and the first primary inclined hole are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of two deep inclined sections of holes, the long-edge cutter moves along the axial direction of the first primary inclined hole under the guidance of the first primary inclined hole, the deflection angle is small in the machining process, the problem that the long-edge cutter is easy to jump, shift or break when the long-edge cutter drills obliquely during the machining of the second primary inclined hole is avoided, the coaxiality requirement of the second primary inclined hole and the first primary inclined hole is favorably ensured, and the coaxiality requirement of the first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole is further ensured; and performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole and the second primary inclined hole to form two deep inclined sections of holes, wherein the surface roughness of the two deep inclined sections of holes meets the requirement.
Optionally, the short-edge tool is matched with the hole depth of the first section of inclined hole, and the long-edge tool is matched with the hole depth of the second section of inclined hole. The short edge tool may include a first milling cutter, a first center drill, a first machining drill, a first boring cutter, and a second machining drill, the long edge tool may include a second milling cutter, a second center drill, a third machining drill, and a long buried drill, and the finishing tool may include a reamer. The design angle of the first section of inclined hole can be 2 degrees, 3 degrees or other degrees along the axial direction. Particularly, in the invention, the hole depth of the first section of inclined hole is greater than that of the second section of inclined hole, so that when the guide is carried out through the first primary inclined hole, the accurate guide of the long-edge cutting tool is ensured. The coaxiality of the first-section inclined hole and the second-section inclined hole is required to be not less than 0.05.
Further, step S10 specifically includes: s101, processing a guide inclined plane at a feed position of a design position of the first section of inclined hole by using a short-edge cutter so as to enable the guide inclined plane to be perpendicular to a design central axis of the first section of inclined hole; s102, machining a central guide hole matched with a designed central axis of the first section of inclined hole on the guide inclined plane by using a short-edge cutter; s103, guiding by a central guide hole by using a short-blade cutter, and roughly machining along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole on the engine case to form a first-stage inclined hole with the target depth; and S104, guiding by using a short-edge cutter through the primary inclined hole, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole to form a secondary inclined hole communicated with the primary inclined hole, and combining the primary inclined hole and the secondary inclined hole to form a first primary inclined hole. Specifically, during machining, the machining is gradually performed downwards from the top surface of the engine case along a design angle, a guide inclined plane is machined at a feed position of a design position of a first section of inclined hole in the top surface of the engine case, a central axis of a central guide hole is overlapped with a design central axis of the first section of inclined hole, the depth of a first-stage inclined hole can be 15 millimeters or other depths such as 13 millimeters or 17 millimeters, the depth of the first-stage inclined hole is not less than one third of the depth of a first primary inclined hole, and then under the guide of the first-stage inclined hole, a deflection angle is small when a second machining drill and a long-edge cutting tool move axially along the deep inclined two sections of holes. According to the invention, the guide inclined plane is firstly processed, and then the drilling is carried out along the direction vertical to the guide inclined plane, so that the technical problem that the short-edge cutter is easy to jump or shift to influence the drilling precision due to the decomposition of acting force when the first-stage inclined hole processing feed short-edge cutter is obliquely drilled is solved, and meanwhile, the guide inclined plane is processed by adopting the short-edge cutter, so that the problems of insufficient rigidity of the cutter and overlarge jump of the cutter due to overlong length of the cutter during the processing of the guide inclined plane are solved.
Further, step S103 specifically includes: adopting a first machining drill to guide through a central guide hole, and roughly machining along the design angle of a first section of inclined hole on an engine casing to form a preposed small hole with a target depth; and a first boring cutter is adopted, the guide is carried out through a central guide hole, and the preposed small hole is processed to form a primary inclined hole with the target depth. The first processing drill is adopted to process the preposed small hole, so that the cutter has good rigidity and is not easy to deviate; the first boring cutter is adopted to process the front small hole into a first-stage inclined hole, the first boring cutter is good in rigidity and can be accurately positioned, and the first-stage inclined hole formed after processing plays a role of a drill bushing for a long-edge cutter behind, so that the long-edge cutter is corrected.
Further, step S104 specifically includes: a second machining drill is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first-stage inclined hole, rough machining is carried out on the engine casing along the design angle of the first-stage inclined hole, and the second-stage inclined hole is machined in a segmented mode; and withdrawing the cutter after each section of machining is finished, so that the second machining drill is withdrawn out of the first-stage inclined hole, the second machining drill and the inner hole formed by the second machining drill are cleaned, and the second-stage inclined hole is formed step by step until the second-stage inclined hole is formed finally. Optionally, the drilling depth is one third of the diameter of the second machining drill, so as to control the cutting force of the second machining drill for each continuous cutting. Through segmented machining, after each one-third depth of the drill bit is machined, all the second machining drills retreat from the upper surface of the hole, and a cutting groove of each second machining drill carries out partial cutting chips, so that the extrusion between a tool nose of each second machining drill and the cutting chips is avoided; the drill bit stays outside the hole for 1 second after being lifted, iron cuttings in the hole and on the drill bit are washed clean, cutting heat is taken away in time, the drill bit is fully cooled by cooling liquid, and thermal abrasion of a second machining drill is reduced.
Further, the guide inclined plane is formed by machining through a first milling cutter, and/or the central guide hole is formed by machining through a first central drill, and/or the first-stage inclined hole is formed by machining through a first machining drill and a first boring cutter in sequence, and/or the second-stage inclined hole is formed by machining through a second machining drill. Specifically, in the present invention, the first milling cutter is a milling cutter with a blade length of 10 mm, the first center drill is a center drill with a blade length of 5mm, the first machining drill is a short drill with a blade length of 16 mm, the first boring cutter is a boring cutter with a blade length of 17 mm, and the second machining drill is a center drill with a blade length of 55 mm.
Further, step S20 specifically includes: s201, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through a first primary inclined hole, and a guide slope is processed at a feed position of a design position of a second section of inclined hole on an engine casing, so that the guide slope is perpendicular to a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole and is arranged; s202, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first primary inclined hole, and a central guide hole matched with a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole is formed in the guide slope surface in a machining mode; s203, guiding by using a long-edge cutter and a first primary inclined hole and a central guide hole, and processing to form a three-stage inclined hole on the engine case along the design angle of a second section of inclined hole; and S204, guiding the first primary inclined hole and the third-level inclined hole by using a long-edge cutter, and processing the hole bottom of the third-level inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole by processing the third-level inclined hole. Specifically, a guide slope is processed at a feed position of a design position of a second section of inclined hole on the engine casing, a central axis of a central guide hole is overlapped with a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole, and a third-stage inclined hole is a blind hole. According to the invention, the guide slope is processed firstly, and then the long-edge drilling tool drills along the direction vertical to the guide under the guide of the first primary inclined hole, so that the technical problem that the accuracy of drilling is influenced because the long-edge tool is easy to jump, shift or break due to decomposition of acting force when the three-level inclined hole processing feed long-edge tool drills in an inclined mode is further solved.
Further, the guide inclined plane is machined and formed by a second milling cutter, and/or the central guide hole is machined and formed by a second central drill, and/or the three-level inclined hole is machined and formed by a third machining drill, and/or the hole bottom of the three-level inclined hole is machined by a long buried drill. Specifically, the second milling cutter is a milling cutter with a blade length of 90 mm, the second center drill is a center drill with a blade length of 88 mm, the third machining drill is a long drill with a blade length of 91 mm, the blade length of the long buried drill is 90 mm, and the blade length of the reamer is 90 mm.
Further, step S30 specifically includes: and (3) adopting a reamer to perform finish machining along the direction from the first primary inclined hole to the second primary inclined hole in the axial direction of the first primary inclined hole until two deep inclined sections of holes are formed by final machining. Specifically, a reamer is adopted to finish the first primary inclined hole and the second primary inclined hole in sequence.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the drill head of the first center drill and/or the drill head of the second center drill are provided with two cutting surfaces arranged oppositely, a chisel edge is arranged between the two cutting surfaces, the cutting surfaces are provided with a main edge and a secondary edge, the end of the main edge is inclined outwards and extends outwards, the secondary edge extends along the circumferential direction, one side of the secondary edge far away from the main edge is provided with a guide edge extending along the circumferential direction, the drill is centered during drilling through the chisel edge, and the drill is prevented from swinging by the fact that the guide edge and the secondary edge are matched with each other and simultaneously supported on the inner wall surface of the hole after the drill drills. According to the invention, the chisel edge is positioned at the center of the drill bit to play a centering role, the main blade head part participates in cutting, the auxiliary blade is positioned on the major diameter of the drill bit to ensure the aperture size of a processed hole, and the guide blade is positioned on the major diameter of the drill bit to play a role in processing stability, reduce processing vibration and improve the quality of the hole wall. Specifically, the minor blade controls the large diameter size of the processed hole, and the guide blade ensures the quality and position accuracy of the inner hole wall of the processed hole.
Further, referring to fig. 6, the width of the chisel edge is 0.5 to 0.7 mm. Specifically, the chisel edge is 0.6 mm, and the positioning is accurate during processing.
Optionally, the head of the drill of the third center drill is provided with two cutting faces arranged oppositely, a chisel edge is arranged between the two cutting faces, a main edge and an auxiliary edge are arranged on the cutting faces, the end of the main edge inclines outwards and extends outwards, the auxiliary edge extends along the circumferential direction, one side of the auxiliary edge, which is far away from the main edge, is provided with a guide edge extending along the circumferential direction, the drill is centered when drilling is performed through the chisel edge, and the drill is prevented from swinging by the guide edge and the auxiliary edge matching with each other and simultaneously supporting on the inner wall surface of the hole after drilling.
Preferably, referring to fig. 7, in order to improve the rigidity and wear resistance of the drill of the first center drill and/or the drill of the second center drill and/or the drill of the third center drill, the drill vertex angle is 140 degrees.
One of the machining cutting amount parameter tables
Second quantity parameter table for machining and cutting
Referring to the cutting amount parameter table, the engine case of the present invention requires at least one deep oblique two-section hole with a diameter of phi 5.8+0.05 0Millimeter, the hole depth is 89mm, the coaxiality requirement of the first section of inclined hole and the second section of inclined hole is not less than 0.05, and the processing method of the deep inclined two-section hole on the engine casing comprises the following specific steps:
adopting a phi 5 short milling cutter (namely a first milling cutter), wherein the length of a blade is 10 mm, burying a plane in an orifice to form a guide inclined plane, and arranging the guide inclined plane perpendicular to the designed central axis of a first section of inclined hole, so that a first center drill in the next step drills along the direction perpendicular to the guide inclined plane, thereby ensuring that the first center drill used in the next step is accurately centered, and the specific processing parameter is that the processing depth is 1 mm;
drilling a centering hole by using a first center, wherein the guide inclined plane is perpendicular to the central axis of the first section of inclined hole to be processed, so that the first center drill is accurately centered on a plane, the blade length of a first central station is 5mm, and the specific processing parameter is that the processing depth is 1.5 mm;
a short drill bit (namely a first processing drill) with the diameter of 5.5 mm is adopted, the edge length is 16 mm, the rigidity of a tool of the short drill bit is good, the short drill bit is not easy to deviate, the processing precision is favorably ensured, and the specific processing parameter is to drill a deep hole with the diameter of 15 mm;
the short boring cutter with the diameter of 5.7 mm (namely the first boring cutter) is adopted, the blade length is 17 mm, the short boring cutter is good in rigidity and can be accurately positioned, the short boring cutter plays a role in drilling a sleeve on a long drill bit behind after boring, the long-blade is machined, the coaxiality of a first section of inclined hole and a second section of inclined hole is guaranteed, the long-blade is prevented from being broken by shearing force, and the specific machining parameter is that a hole with the depth of 15mm is bored;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) processing the rest hole section (namely a secondary inclined hole) of the first-section inclined hole by adopting a standard drill bit (namely a second processing drill) with the diameter of 5.7 mm, and in the process, retreating the tool to the hole surface of the primary inclined hole after the drill bit of each processing standard drill bit is one third of the diameter of the drill bit, so as to ensure that the cutting scraps generated by processing the secondary inclined hole are discharged in time;
a phi 5mm long milling cutter (namely a second milling cutter) is adopted to bury and level the hole surface of the second section of inclined hole to be processed, so that the guide slope is arranged perpendicular to the designed central axis of the second section of inclined hole, and the second center drill of the second section of inclined hole is accurately centered, wherein the specific processing parameter is that the processing depth is 1 mm;
a long center drill (a second center drill) with the edge length of 88 mm is adopted to drill and process a guide hole on the guide slope surface, specifically, a guide hole vertical to the design axis of the second section inclined hole is processed on the surface of the design position of the second section inclined hole, so that the accurate positioning of a third drill bit processed later is ensured by guiding, and the specific processing parameter is that the processing depth is 1.5 mm;
adopting a drill bit (a third processing drill) with the diameter of phi 5.7 mm, drilling a second section of inclined hole to ensure that the diameter of the second section of inclined hole is 5.7 mm, wherein a first-stage inclined hole with the diameter of phi 5.7 is a guide hole of a long drill bit with the diameter of phi 5.7 for processing the second section of inclined hole, and playing a role of citation, wherein the long drill bit does not deflect in the process of processing the second end inclined hole by adopting the long drill bit, and the long drill bit does not need to be used again for processing after being processed by adopting the long drill bit;
embedding the bottom of the three-stage inclined hole by using a long embedding drill with the diameter of 5.7 to form a second-stage inclined hole;
finally adopt
The reamer reams the whole hole to ensure the first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole
Pore size of (a).
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the engine case is made of ZG0Cr16Ni4NbCu3, the material has high strength and toughness, belongs to a difficult-to-machine material, and avoids the technical problems that the existing mode that a long drill bit is directly adopted to machine in place at one time is easily generated by cutter relieving and vibration of the long drill bit, the size precision and the surface roughness of a precision hole are influenced, and the coaxiality of a first section inclined hole and a second section inclined hole is unqualified by reasonably rotating a cutter and cutting amount. The linear speed of the cutter is controlled by setting the rotating speed of the spindle, and the linear speed of the boring cutter is lower and lower along with the lengthening of the cutter bar of the boring cutter, so that the vibration lines caused by machining are reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a processing method of two sections of holes that deeply incline on engine machine casket, is equipped with two sections of holes that deeply incline that lay along the axial slope on the engine machine casket, two sections of holes that deeply incline include first section inclined hole and the second section inclined hole of arranging along its axial interval, and wherein first section inclined hole is the through-hole, and the second section inclined hole is the blind hole, its characterized in that, processes at vertical machining center, includes following step:
s10, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole by adopting a short-edge cutter to form a first primary inclined hole;
s20, a long-edge cutter is adopted, the long-edge cutter penetrates through the first primary inclined hole and is guided through the first primary inclined hole, and rough machining is carried out on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole;
and S30, performing finish machining on the first primary inclined hole by using a finish machining cutter to form a first section of inclined hole by the first primary inclined hole, and performing finish machining on the second primary inclined hole to form a second section of inclined hole by the second primary inclined hole.
2. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 1,
step S10 specifically includes:
s101, processing a guide inclined plane at a feed position of a design position of the first section of inclined hole by using a short-edge cutter so as to enable the guide inclined plane to be perpendicular to a design central axis of the first section of inclined hole;
s102, machining a central guide hole matched with a designed central axis of the first section of inclined hole on the guide inclined plane by using a short-edge cutter;
s103, guiding by a central guide hole by using a short-blade cutter, and roughly machining along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole on the engine case to form a first-stage inclined hole with the target depth;
and S104, guiding by using a short-edge cutter through the primary inclined hole, roughly machining the engine casing along the design angle of the first section of inclined hole to form a secondary inclined hole communicated with the primary inclined hole, and combining the primary inclined hole and the secondary inclined hole to form a first primary inclined hole.
3. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 2,
step S103 specifically includes:
adopting a first machining drill to guide through a central guide hole, and roughly machining along the design angle of a first section of inclined hole on an engine casing to form a preposed small hole with a target depth;
and a first boring cutter is adopted, the guide is carried out through a central guide hole, and the preposed small hole is processed to form a primary inclined hole with the target depth.
4. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 2,
step S104 specifically includes:
a second machining drill is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first-stage inclined hole, rough machining is carried out on the engine casing along the design angle of the first-stage inclined hole, and the second-stage inclined hole is machined in a segmented mode;
and withdrawing the cutter after each section of machining is finished, so that the second machining drill is withdrawn out of the first-stage inclined hole, the second machining drill and the inner hole formed by the second machining drill are cleaned, and the second-stage inclined hole is formed step by step until the second-stage inclined hole is formed finally.
5. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 2,
the guide bevel is formed by machining with a first milling cutter, and/or
The central pilot hole is formed using a first center drill process, and/or
The first-level inclined hole is formed by sequentially processing a first processing drill and a first boring cutter, and/or
And the secondary inclined hole is formed by adopting a second processing drill.
6. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 1,
step S20 specifically includes:
s201, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through a first primary inclined hole, and a guide slope is processed at a feed position of a design position of a second section of inclined hole on an engine casing, so that the guide slope is perpendicular to a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole and is arranged;
s202, a long-edge cutter is adopted, guiding is carried out through the first primary inclined hole, and a central guide hole matched with a design central axis of the second section of inclined hole is formed in the guide slope surface in a machining mode;
s203, guiding by using a long-edge cutter through the first primary inclined hole and the central guide hole, and processing to form a three-stage inclined hole on the engine case along the design angle of the second section of inclined hole;
and S204, guiding the first primary inclined hole and the third-level inclined hole by using a long-edge cutter, and processing the hole bottom of the third-level inclined hole to form a second primary inclined hole by processing the third-level inclined hole.
7. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 6,
the guide bevel is formed by a second milling cutter, and/or
The central guide hole is formed by secondary center drilling, and/or
The third-level inclined hole is formed by a third processing drill, and/or
And the bottom of the three-level inclined hole is processed by adopting a long buried drill.
8. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 1,
step S30 specifically includes:
and (3) adopting a reamer to perform finish machining along the direction from the first primary inclined hole to the second primary inclined hole in the axial direction of the first primary inclined hole until two deep inclined sections of holes are formed by final machining.
9. The method for machining a two-stage deep oblique hole in an engine case according to claim 5,
the head of the drill head of the first central drill and/or the head of the drill head of the second central drill are/is provided with two cutting surfaces which are oppositely arranged, a chisel edge is arranged between the two cutting surfaces, a main edge and an auxiliary edge are arranged on the cutting surfaces, the end parts of the main edge are outwards inclined and outwards extended, the auxiliary edge is circumferentially extended, one side of the auxiliary edge, which is far away from the main edge, is provided with a guide edge which is circumferentially extended,
the centering during the drilling is carried out through the chisel edge, and the drill bit is prevented from swinging by mutually matching the guide edge and the auxiliary edge and simultaneously supporting the guide edge and the auxiliary edge on the inner wall surface of the hole after the drill bit is drilled.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the two-stage deep-oblique hole is formed in a casing of an engine,
the width of the chisel edge is 0.5 to 0.7 mm.
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