CN113803911B - Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and chiller - Google Patents
Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and chiller Download PDFInfo
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- CN113803911B CN113803911B CN202111159211.6A CN202111159211A CN113803911B CN 113803911 B CN113803911 B CN 113803911B CN 202111159211 A CN202111159211 A CN 202111159211A CN 113803911 B CN113803911 B CN 113803911B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
- F25B2339/021—Evaporators in which refrigerant is sprayed on a surface to be cooled
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种布液器、降膜式蒸发器及冷水机组，包括：其内设有第一导流腔的第一导流件，第一导流件上设有与第一导流腔连通的第一出口，在重力方向上，第一出口位于第一导流腔的下方；布液件，包括布液段，布液段环绕第一轴线设于第一导流腔内，第一轴线在重力方向延伸，布液段内设有布液腔，布液段的两端分别开设有均与布液腔连通的第一进口及第二出口；布液段面向第一导流腔的腔壁的表面开设有与布液腔连通的至少两个布液孔；全部布液孔在布液段的延伸方向上相互间隔，且能够将从布液腔流出的液体喷向第一导流腔的腔壁。布液器能够将气液两相冷媒分离，并单独对液态冷媒进行布液，保证了布液的均匀性，从而保证了降膜式蒸发器的换热性能。
The present invention relates to a liquid distributor, a falling film evaporator and a chiller, comprising: a first flow guide member having a first flow guide cavity therein, a first outlet connected to the first flow guide cavity being provided on the first flow guide member, and the first outlet being located below the first flow guide cavity in the direction of gravity; a liquid distributor, comprising a liquid distributor section, the liquid distributor section being arranged in the first flow guide cavity around a first axis, the first axis extending in the direction of gravity, a liquid distributor cavity being provided in the liquid distributor section, a first inlet and a second outlet both connected to the liquid distributor cavity being provided at both ends of the liquid distributor section; at least two liquid distributor holes connected to the liquid distributor cavity being provided on the surface of the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity facing the liquid distributor section; all the liquid distributor holes are spaced apart from each other in the extension direction of the liquid distributor section, and can spray the liquid flowing out of the liquid distributor cavity to the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity. The liquid distributor can separate the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and distribute the liquid refrigerant separately, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the liquid distribution, and thus ensuring the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to a liquid distributor, a falling film evaporator and a water chilling unit.
Background
The evaporator comprises a dry evaporator, a flooded evaporator and a falling film evaporator, wherein the falling film evaporator is widely used by refrigeration equipment manufacturers due to high heat exchange efficiency and small refrigerant consumption.
Generally, the falling film evaporator comprises a liquid distributor and a heat exchange tube, wherein the refrigerant is uniformly distributed on the liquid distributor and then is dripped on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube from top to bottom, the refrigerant flows on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube along the axial direction and the circumferential direction to form a layer of liquid film, and the liquid film absorbs the heat of the hot fluid in the tube through the tube wall of the heat exchange tube to evaporate, so that the temperature of the hot fluid in the heat exchange tube is reduced and then discharged.
In order to ensure the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator, the uniformity of the film distribution of the refrigerant on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube needs to be ensured, and the liquid distributor is the key for ensuring the uniformity of the film distribution on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube. However, the liquid distributor of the traditional falling film evaporator has poor liquid distribution uniformity, so that the refrigerant is poor in film distribution uniformity on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a liquid distributor, a falling film evaporator and a water chiller capable of improving the liquid distribution uniformity, aiming at the problem of poor liquid distribution uniformity of the liquid distributor of the conventional falling film evaporator.
A liquid distributor comprising:
The device comprises a first flow guide piece, a second flow guide piece and a first flow guide plate, wherein the first flow guide piece is internally provided with a first flow guide cavity, a first outlet communicated with the first flow guide cavity is arranged on the first flow guide piece, and the first outlet is positioned below the first flow guide cavity in the gravity direction;
the liquid distribution piece comprises a liquid distribution section, the liquid distribution section is arranged in the first flow guide cavity around the first axis, the first axis extends in the gravity direction, a liquid distribution cavity is arranged in the liquid distribution section, and a first inlet and a second outlet which are communicated with the liquid distribution cavity are respectively arranged at two ends of the liquid distribution section;
The liquid distribution section is provided with at least two liquid distribution holes communicated with the liquid distribution cavity on the surface facing the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity, all the liquid distribution holes are mutually spaced in the extending direction of the liquid distribution section, and liquid flowing out of the liquid distribution cavity can be sprayed to the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity.
In one embodiment, the liquid distribution segment extends helically around the first axis.
In one embodiment, the liquid distribution section is provided with at least one revolution around the first axis, and all the liquid distribution holes are provided with at least one revolution around the first axis.
In one embodiment, the first inlet is located lower than the second outlet in the direction of gravity.
In one embodiment, the liquid distribution holes are uniformly arranged on the liquid distribution section at intervals, and the aperture of the liquid distribution holes is gradually increased from one end of the liquid distribution section, which is close to the first inlet, to one end of the liquid distribution section, which is close to the second outlet.
In one embodiment, the apertures of all the liquid distribution holes are the same, and the distance between two adjacent liquid distribution holes is gradually reduced from one end of the liquid distribution section close to the first inlet to one end close to the second outlet.
In one embodiment, the first axis forms a first central axis of the liquid distribution section, and the first central axis overlaps with a second central axis of the first flow guiding cavity.
In one embodiment, the liquid distribution piece further comprises a first liquid inlet section, and the first liquid inlet section is connected with one end, provided with the first inlet, of the liquid distribution section;
The first inlet is provided with a third central axis, and the first liquid inlet section extends along the third central axis.
In one embodiment, the liquid distributor further comprises drainage needles, and all the drainage needles are arranged on the end face, provided with the first outlet, of the first flow guiding piece at intervals.
In one embodiment, the distance between every two adjacent drainage needles is equal, and the lengths of all the drainage needles are the same.
In one embodiment, the length of each of the drainage needles ranges from 10mm to 50mm.
A falling film evaporator comprising:
the shell assembly is internally provided with an assembly cavity, and a third outlet communicated with the assembly cavity is also formed in the shell assembly;
the heat exchange tube is at least partially arranged in the assembly cavity;
The liquid distributor according to any one of the above claims, wherein the first flow guiding member is arranged in the assembly cavity, and the first flow guiding member is positioned above the heat exchange tube in the gravity direction;
At least part of the heat exchange tube is positioned on a flow path of the refrigerant flowing out of the first outlet, and the second outlet and at least part of the outer surface of the heat exchange tube are communicated with the third outlet.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange tube comprises a second liquid inlet section, a coil pipe and a first liquid outlet section which are sequentially connected, the coil pipe spirally extends in the gravity direction, and the second liquid inlet section and the first liquid outlet section penetrate through the shell assembly;
wherein, the coil pipe is located on the flow path that refrigerant flows from the first export, the surface of coil pipe communicates with the third export.
In one embodiment, the falling film evaporator further comprises a second flow guiding member arranged in the first flow guiding member, the liquid distribution section is arranged outside the second flow guiding member, a second flow guiding cavity is arranged in the second flow guiding member, a second inlet and a fourth outlet which are communicated with the second flow guiding cavity are arranged on the second flow guiding member, the second outlet and at least part of the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes are communicated with the second inlet, and the fourth outlet is communicated with the third outlet.
In one embodiment, the end of the first flow guiding piece away from the first outlet is connected with the cavity wall of the assembly cavity;
the liquid distribution piece further comprises an air outlet section, the air outlet section is connected with one end, provided with the second outlet, of the liquid distribution section, the air outlet section is located in the first flow guide cavity, and an air outlet hole is formed in the outer surface, facing the first outlet, of the cavity wall of the assembly cavity.
A chiller including a falling film evaporator as claimed in any preceding claim.
When the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the liquid distribution cavity from the first inlet, the liquid distribution section is arranged around a first axis extending along the gravity direction, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is subjected to the action of centrifugal force when flowing in the liquid distribution cavity at a high speed, the densities of the gaseous refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are different, the centrifugal force applied in the flowing process of the liquid distribution cavity is also different, the liquid refrigerant with higher density flows towards the outer side of the liquid distribution section relative to the gaseous refrigerant with lower density, and finally is sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first diversion cavity from the liquid distribution hole and flows towards the external heat exchange tube for heat exchange and evaporation. Therefore, the liquid distributor can separate the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and distribute liquid to the liquid refrigerant independently, compared with the gas-liquid two-phase liquid distribution in the prior art, the liquid distributor reduces the interference of the gaseous refrigerant to the liquid distribution, ensures the uniformity of the liquid distribution, and further ensures the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a falling film evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial block diagram of a liquid distributor of the falling film evaporator shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view of the liquid distributor of FIG. 2 from a view;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another view of the liquid distribution member shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a first baffle and a drainage needle of the fluid dispenser shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the structure shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of yet another view of the liquid distribution member shown in FIG. 3;
Fig. 8 is a structural view of the liquid distributor shown in fig. 2.
100. A falling film evaporator; 10, a shell component, 11, an assembly cavity, 12, a third outlet, 13, a shell, 14, an air outlet pipe, 15, a cover plate, 20, a liquid distributor, 21, a first guide piece, 211, a first guide cavity, 212, a first outlet, 22, a liquid distributing piece, 221, a liquid distributing section, 2211, a liquid distributing hole, 222, a first liquid inlet section, 223, an air outlet section, 2231, an air outlet hole, 23, a drainage needle, 30, a heat exchange tube, 31, a second liquid inlet section, 32, a coil pipe, 33, a first liquid outlet section, 40, a second guide piece, 41 and a second inlet.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly specified. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
As described in the background art, the liquid distributor of the conventional falling film evaporator has poor liquid distribution uniformity, so that the refrigerant is poor in film distribution uniformity on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator is further affected.
The inventor of the application researches and discovers that the problems are caused by the fact that the traditional falling film evaporator is characterized in that supercooled liquid refrigerant flowing out of the condenser is changed into gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant after being cooled and depressurized by the throttling device, and the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows to the liquid distributor of the falling film evaporator to distribute liquid, namely the traditional falling film evaporator distributes liquid together with gas-liquid two phases, and when the liquid distribution is carried out, the gas phase interferes with the liquid phase, so that the uniformity of the liquid distribution is poor, and the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator is further affected.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a falling film evaporator 100 for a water chiller, and in particular, the water chiller may be a module machine or a household machine.
The falling film evaporator 100 comprises a shell assembly 10, a liquid distributor 20 and a heat exchange tube 30, wherein an assembly cavity 11 is formed in the shell assembly 10, a third outlet 12 communicated with the assembly cavity 11 is formed in the shell assembly 10, at least part of the liquid distributor 20 and the heat exchange tube 30 is arranged in the assembly cavity 11, and the liquid distributor 20 is positioned above the heat exchange tube 30 in the gravity direction. The refrigerant is uniformly distributed on the liquid distributor 20 and then is dripped on the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 from top to bottom, the refrigerant flows on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 30 along the length direction and the circumferential direction of the tube to form a layer of liquid film, and the liquid film evaporates through the heat of the liquid in the tube absorbed by the tube wall of the heat exchange tube 30 and is discharged from the third outlet 12, so that the temperature of the hot fluid in the heat exchange tube 30 is reduced and flows out.
The housing assembly 10 comprises a housing 13, an air outlet pipe 14 and a cover plate 15, the cover plate 15 is covered on the housing 13, the air outlet pipe 14 is connected with the cover plate 15, the housing 13 and the cover plate 15 define an assembly cavity 11, and the third outlet 12 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 14. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the housing assembly 10 may omit the outlet tube 14 and the third outlet 12 may be directly formed in the cover 15.
In an embodiment, the liquid distributor 20 includes a first flow guiding member 21 and a liquid distributing member 22, the first flow guiding member 21 is disposed in the assembly cavity 11, a first flow guiding cavity 211 is disposed in the first flow guiding member 21, a first outlet 212 communicating with the first flow guiding cavity 211 is disposed on the first flow guiding member 21, in the gravity direction, the first outlet 212 is located below the first flow guiding cavity 211, and a portion of the heat exchange tube 30 disposed in the assembly cavity 11 is located on a flow path of the refrigerant flowing out from the first outlet 212. The liquid distributing member 22 comprises a liquid distributing section 221 (see fig. 2-4), the liquid distributing section 221 is arranged in the first diversion cavity 211 (see fig. 1) around a first axis, the first axis extends in the gravity direction, a liquid distributing cavity is arranged in the liquid distributing section 221, and a first inlet and a second outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the liquid distributing section 221, wherein the first inlet and the second outlet are respectively communicated with the liquid distributing cavity, and the second outlet is respectively communicated with the third outlet 12. The surface of the liquid distribution section 221 facing the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 is provided with liquid distribution holes 2211 communicated with the liquid distribution cavity, the liquid distribution holes 2211 comprise at least two liquid distribution holes, all the liquid distribution holes 2211 are mutually spaced in the extending direction of the liquid distribution section 221, and each liquid distribution hole 2211 is configured to be capable of spraying liquid flowing out of the liquid distribution cavity onto the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211.
When the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the liquid distribution cavity from the first inlet, the liquid distribution section 221 surrounds the first axis, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is subjected to the action of centrifugal force when flowing at high speed in the liquid distribution cavity, the densities of the gaseous refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are different, the centrifugal force applied in the flowing process in the liquid distribution cavity is also different, the liquid refrigerant with higher density flows towards the outer side of the liquid distribution section 221 relative to the gaseous refrigerant with lower density, and finally is sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity 211 from the liquid distribution hole 2211, and the gaseous refrigerant with lower density is finally discharged from the second outlet to the third outlet 12. The liquid refrigerant sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 flows from the first outlet 212 to the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 under the action of gravity and expands along the axial direction and the circumferential direction to form a liquid film layer coating the surface of the heat exchange tube 30, the saturated refrigerant in the liquid film absorbs the heat of the hot fluid in the heat exchange tube 30, the liquid film layer on the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 is evaporated to generate gas, the redundant liquid refrigerant which does not participate in evaporation is dripped downwards layer by layer to participate in heat exchange to generate gas, and the generated gas and the gas discharged from the second outlet flow together to the third outlet 12 to be discharged.
Through the arrangement, the liquid distributor 20 can separate the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and distribute liquid to the liquid refrigerant independently, so that compared with the gas-liquid two-phase liquid distribution in the prior art, the interference of the gaseous refrigerant on the liquid distribution is reduced, the uniformity of the liquid distribution is ensured, and the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator 100 is ensured.
It should be noted that the hot fluid flowing in the heat exchange tube 30 may be water, or may be another liquid, such as ethylene glycol, and the type of the hot fluid flowing in the heat exchange tube 30 is not limited.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in an embodiment, the first flow guiding member 21 is a cylindrical structure, one end of the first flow guiding member 21 abuts against the wall of the assembly cavity 11 to be closed, and the other end forms a first outlet 212 (referring to fig. 1), and the first flow guiding cavity 211 is communicated with the third outlet 12, so that the cross-sectional shape of the first flow guiding cavity 211 is circular, and the liquid refrigerant is convenient to flow down along the wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 under the action of gravity. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the shape of the first baffle 21 is not limited.
Specifically, the first axis forms a first central axis of the liquid distribution section 221, and the first central axis of the liquid distribution section 221 overlaps with a second central axis of the first flow guiding cavity 211, so that the distances between each liquid distribution hole 2211 and the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 are equal, and the liquid distribution uniformity is increased.
In an embodiment, the liquid distribution section 221 extends spirally around the first axis, so that a height difference exists between the first inlet and the second outlet, the liquid refrigerant tends to flow downwards relative to the gaseous refrigerant, and under the combined action of centrifugal force, the liquid refrigerant flows inwards and downwards, and the air pressure refrigerant flows inwards and upwards, so that the interface between the gaseous refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant is more stable, and the uniformity of liquid outlet is further ensured. Of course, in other embodiments, the liquid distribution segment 221 may be disposed at a level along the gravity direction, which is not limited herein.
Referring to fig. 4 and 7, the liquid distribution section 221 is provided with at least one circle around the first axis, and all the liquid distribution holes 2211 are provided with at least one circle around the first axis, so as to ensure that liquid refrigerant is uniformly distributed on the whole cavity wall of the first diversion cavity 211 in the circumferential direction, and ensure the uniformity of liquid distribution. Specifically, the liquid distribution section 221 is provided with a circle around the first axis, and all the liquid distribution holes 2211 are provided with a circle around the first axis, so as to avoid that a plurality of liquid distribution holes 2211 spray liquid refrigerant to the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 in the same direction, and more liquid refrigerant flowing down from a certain position of the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 occurs, and the uniformity of liquid distribution is increased.
Further, in the gravity direction, the position of the first inlet is lower than that of the second outlet, so that the gas can be discharged conveniently after rising. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the first inlet may be located higher than the second outlet in the direction of gravity, or may be flush with the second outlet, without limitation.
The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant enters the liquid distribution cavity through the first inlet, and after being separated under the action of centrifugal force, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows out from different liquid distribution holes 2211 respectively, so that the uniformity of liquid distribution on the circumference is ensured, namely, the uniformity of liquid distribution is ensured, the pressure loss of the refrigerant entering each liquid distribution hole 2211 from the first inlet is required to be uniform, namely, the flow distribution is required to meet a certain fixed value of P1+P2=. Where P1 is the on-way resistance loss, P1 is related to the length and flow rate through which the refrigerant flows, P2 is the local resistance loss, and P2 is the resistance generated by the refrigerant passing through each liquid distribution hole 2211, which is related to the aperture of the liquid distribution hole 2211, because the aperture affects the flow rate, the smaller the aperture, the larger the flow rate, and the larger the resistance.
The further the liquid distribution hole 2211 is from the first inlet, the longer the refrigerant flows through, and correspondingly, the larger the P1 is, at this time, in order to ensure that p1+p2=a certain fixed value, the flow rate needs to be reduced if P2 needs to be reduced, and accordingly, the aperture of the liquid distribution hole 2211 is increased.
In an embodiment, the liquid distribution holes 2211 are uniformly arranged on the liquid distribution section 221 at intervals, and the aperture of the liquid distribution hole 2211 gradually increases from one end of the liquid distribution section 221 close to the first inlet to one end close to the second outlet. Thus, the pressure loss of the refrigerant entering each liquid distribution hole 2211 from the first inlet is consistent, and the uniformity of liquid distribution is ensured.
In another embodiment, the apertures of all the liquid distribution holes 2211 are the same, and the distance between two adjacent liquid distribution holes 2211 gradually decreases from one end of the liquid distribution section 221 near the first inlet to one end near the second outlet. In this way, the flow rate of the liquid distribution hole 2211 far from the first inlet from the liquid distribution section 221 is ensured to be equivalent to the flow rate of the liquid distribution hole 2211 near to the first inlet, thereby ensuring the uniformity of liquid distribution.
Of course, in other embodiments, for convenience of processing, the liquid distribution holes 2211 may also be provided with the same pore diameter and uniformly distributed. The specific number of the apertures of the liquid distribution holes 2211 and the specific value of the apertures are related to the heat exchange amount or the refrigerant circulation amount, and are not particularly limited herein.
Referring to fig. 8, the liquid distribution member 22 further includes a first liquid inlet section 222, where the first liquid inlet section 222 is connected to an end of the liquid distribution section 221 where a first inlet is provided, and a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the liquid distribution section 221 through the first liquid inlet section 222. Specifically, the first inlet has a third central axis, and the first liquid inlet section 222 extends along the third central axis, so that the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant can be ensured to flow out from the first liquid inlet section 222 and then enter the liquid distribution cavity along the tangential direction, and the speed loss is small.
With continued reference to fig. 1, further, the first liquid inlet section 222 passes through the first flow guiding member 21 and the housing assembly 10 sequentially to the outside, so that the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows from the throttling device into the first liquid inlet section 222. Specifically, the first flow guiding element 21 includes a first sub-element and a second sub-element that are separately disposed, and the first sub-element and the second sub-element are abutted to form a through hole through which the first liquid inlet section 222 passes.
With continued reference to fig. 7, the liquid distributing member 22 further includes an air outlet section 223, the air outlet section 223 is connected to an end of the liquid distributing section 221 provided with a second outlet, an air outlet hole 2231 is provided on the air outlet section 223, and the gaseous refrigerant flows out through the air outlet hole 2231. Specifically, the air outlet section 223 is disposed in the first diversion cavity 211, and the air discharged from the air outlet 2231 is discharged into the first diversion cavity 211, and then is discharged from the first diversion cavity 211 into the third outlet 12. It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the air outlet section 223 may also pass through the first guiding element 21, where the air discharged from the air outlet hole 2231 flows back to the first guiding cavity 211 through the first outlet 212, and then enters the third outlet 12 from the first guiding cavity 211 to be discharged.
Further, the air outlet hole 2231 is formed on the outer surface of the air outlet section 223 facing the cavity wall of the assembly cavity 11 opposite to the first outlet 212, so as to prevent the gaseous refrigerant from directly spraying to the cavity wall of the first diversion cavity 211 to interfere with the liquid distribution of the liquid refrigerant, and ensure the uniformity of the liquid distribution.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in an embodiment, the falling film evaporator 100 further includes a second flow guiding member 40, the second flow guiding member 40 is disposed in the first flow guiding member 21, the liquid distribution section 221 is spirally disposed outside the second flow guiding member 40, a second flow guiding cavity is disposed in the second flow guiding member 40, a second inlet 41 and a fourth outlet which are all communicated with the second flow guiding cavity are formed in the second flow guiding member 40, at least part of the outer surfaces of the air outlet 2231 and the heat exchanger are all communicated with the second inlet 41, and the fourth outlet is communicated with the third outlet 12. The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows from the first liquid inlet section 222 to the liquid distribution section 221, when flowing in the liquid distribution cavity, the liquid refrigerant with higher density flows towards the outer side of the liquid distribution section 221 relative to the gaseous refrigerant with lower density, and finally is sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first diversion cavity 211 from the liquid distribution hole 2211, the liquid refrigerant sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first diversion cavity 211 flows from the first outlet 212 to the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 for heat exchange and evaporation under the action of gravity, and the gas formed after evaporation enters the second diversion cavity from the second inlet 41 and finally is discharged from the third outlet 12 through the fourth outlet. The gaseous refrigerant with smaller density flows out from the air outlet 2231, then enters between the first flow guiding piece 21 and the second flow guiding piece 40, then enters the second flow guiding cavity from the second inlet 41, and finally is discharged from the gas formed by the fourth outlet and heat exchange to the third outlet 12.
In one embodiment, the liquid distributor 20 further includes drainage needles 23, and all the drainage needles 23 are arranged on the end surface of the first flow guiding member 21, where the first outlet 212 is provided, at intervals. Because the drainage needle 23 has a certain length, the drainage needle 23 has a certain contact resistance, and the liquid column drained by the drainage needle 23 is not easy to be blown askew by the gas formed by evaporation, and has the function of stabilizing the liquid column, thereby being convenient for draining the liquid flowing out from the first outlet 212 to the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 for heat exchange.
Specifically, the drainage needle 23 has an inverted triangle shape so as to guide the liquid refrigerant to drop. Of course, in other embodiments, the shape of the drainage needle 23 is not limited.
The distance between every two adjacent drainage needles 23 is equal, and the lengths of all the drainage needles 23 are the same, so that the uniformity of liquid distribution is further ensured. The number of the drainage needles 23 is related to the flow rate of the refrigerant, the physical properties, the inner diameter of the liquid distribution member 22 and the surface condition of the heat exchange tube 30, and the basis of calculation or test is that the liquid refrigerant drained through the adjacent drainage needles 23 can ensure that the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 between the adjacent drainage needles (corresponding to the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 between two adjacent drainage needles 23) can be completely covered by the liquid film after being expanded through the surface of the heat exchange tube 30, but the phenomenon of liquid film accumulation is avoided because the liquid refrigerant is too much.
If the flow conductivity of the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 is stronger, the number of the drainage needles 23 can be smaller, namely the design of the drainage needles 23 is thinner, and if the flow conductivity of the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 is weaker, the expansion distance of the liquid refrigerant after being dropped on the heat exchanger is narrower, the number of the drainage needles 23 can be larger, namely the design of the drainage needles 23 is denser, so that the liquid film is uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the positions of the heat exchange tube 30. Some heat exchange tubes 30 have good heat exchange, but poor flow conductivity, and some heat exchange tubes 30 have good flow conductivity, but poor heat exchange, and the type of the heat exchange tubes 30 can be selected by adjusting the heat exchange tubes 30 according to actual working conditions.
In one embodiment, the length of each drainage needle 23 ranges from 10mm to 50mm. Because the liquid refrigerant breaks away from the drainage needle 23 and falls faster and faster under the influence of gravity acceleration, namely the larger the distance from the bottom of the drainage needle 23 to the top surface of the heat exchange tube 30 (the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 contacted by the liquid refrigerant firstly drops from the drainage needle 23), the larger the speed of the liquid refrigerant contacting the top surface is, the larger the speed is, the liquid refrigerant splashes to the periphery, and the liquid refrigerant spreads to the periphery to form a liquid film to wet the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 after reaching the top surface of the heat exchange tube 30, so that the flow speed cannot be too large, and the distance from the bottom of the drainage needle 23 to the top surface of the heat exchange tube 30 cannot be too large. If the heat exchange tube 30 is located lower, the drainage needle 23 needs to be designed longer, so that although the dripping speed is higher, the contact resistance on the drainage needle 23 is not too high, and the air flow exists in the whole space, so that the liquid column on the drainage needle 23 is not easy to be askew by the air, and the liquid column is more stable. If the heat exchange tube 30 is located relatively higher, the drainage needle 23 needs to be designed shorter. Generally, if the pipe diameter of the heat exchange pipe 30 is D, the distance from the bottom of the drainage needle 23 to the top surface of the heat exchange pipe 30 is about 0.5D, and the pipe diameter of the heat exchange pipe 30 commonly used at present is mainly in the range of 12.7mm-25.4mm, the distance from the bottom of the drainage needle 23 to the top surface of the heat exchange pipe 30 is controlled to be mainly in the range of 6mm-13 mm. In the embodiment of the invention, the length range of each drainage needle 23 is 10mm-50mm, so that the distance from the bottom of the drainage needle 23 to the top surface of the heat exchange tube 30 is ensured to be within the required range, and liquid is prevented from splashing to the periphery, thereby ensuring that liquid refrigerant is expanded to the periphery to form a liquid film to wet the surface of the heat exchange tube 30 after reaching the top surface of the heat exchange tube 30.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the heat exchange tube 30 includes a second liquid inlet section 31, a coil 32 and a first liquid outlet section 33 connected in sequence, the coil 32 extends spirally in the gravity direction, and the second liquid inlet section 31 and the first liquid outlet section 33 penetrate through the housing assembly 10. The outer surface of the coil 32 is opposite to the drainage needle 23, that is, the coil 32 is located on the flow path of the refrigerant flowing out from the first outlet 212. So set up, liquid refrigerant just in time flows to the surface of coil pipe 32 when flowing down from drainage needle 23 to the surface equipartition liquid film at coil pipe 32.
Specifically, the second inlet section 31 is positioned higher than the first outlet section 33 in the direction of gravity so that the hot fluid flows from the coil 32 to the first outlet section 33 under the force of gravity after entering the coil 32 from the second inlet section 31. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments it is also possible to provide that the second inlet section 31 is located lower than the first outlet section 33 in the direction of gravity.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a liquid distributor 20 included in the falling film evaporator 100 is provided, the liquid distributor 20 includes a first guiding member 21 and a liquid distributing member 22, a first guiding cavity 211 is disposed in the first guiding member 21, and a first outlet 212 communicating with the first guiding cavity 211 is disposed on the first guiding member 21. The liquid distribution piece 22 comprises a liquid distribution section 221, the liquid distribution section 221 is arranged in the first flow guide cavity 211 around a first axis extending along the gravity direction, a liquid distribution cavity is arranged in the liquid distribution section 221, and a first inlet and a second outlet which are communicated with the liquid distribution cavity are respectively formed in two end faces of the liquid distribution section 221. The surface of the liquid distribution section 221 facing the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211 is provided with liquid distribution holes 2211 communicated with the liquid distribution cavity, the liquid distribution holes 2211 comprise at least two liquid distribution holes, all the liquid distribution holes 2211 are mutually spaced in the extending direction of the liquid distribution section 221, and each liquid distribution hole 2211 is configured to be capable of spraying liquid flowing out of the liquid distribution cavity onto the cavity wall of the first flow guiding cavity 211.
According to the liquid distributor 20 provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the liquid distribution cavity from the first inlet, as the liquid distribution section 221 is arranged around a first axis extending along the gravity direction, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is subjected to the centrifugal force when flowing in the liquid distribution cavity at a high speed, and the densities of the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are different, the centrifugal force applied in the flowing process of the liquid distribution cavity is also different, the liquid refrigerant with higher density flows towards the outer side of the liquid distribution section 221 relative to the gas refrigerant with lower density, and finally is sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity 211 from the liquid distribution hole 2211, and flows towards the external heat exchange tube 30 for heat exchange and evaporation. Thus, the liquid distributor 20 can separate the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and distribute liquid to the liquid refrigerant independently, so that compared with the gas-liquid two-phase liquid distribution in the prior art, the liquid distributor reduces the interference of the gaseous refrigerant to the liquid distribution, ensures the uniformity of the liquid distribution, and further ensures the heat exchange performance of the falling film evaporator 100.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a water chiller including the falling film evaporator 100.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A liquid distributor, comprising:
The device comprises a first flow guide piece (21) provided with a first flow guide cavity (211), wherein a first outlet (212) communicated with the first flow guide cavity (211) is arranged on the first flow guide piece (21), and the first outlet (212) is positioned below the first flow guide cavity (211) in the gravity direction;
the liquid distribution piece (22) comprises a liquid distribution section (221), the liquid distribution section (221) is arranged in the first flow guide cavity (211) around a first axis, the first axis extends in the gravity direction, a liquid distribution cavity is arranged in the liquid distribution section (221), and a first inlet and a second outlet which are communicated with the liquid distribution cavity are respectively formed in two ends of the liquid distribution section (221);
Wherein, the surface of the liquid distribution section (221) facing the cavity wall of the first diversion cavity (211) is provided with at least two liquid distribution holes (2211) communicated with the liquid distribution cavity, and all the liquid distribution holes (2211) are mutually spaced in the extending direction of the liquid distribution section (221);
when the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the liquid distribution cavity from the first inlet, the liquid refrigerant is sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity (211) from the liquid distribution hole (2211), the liquid refrigerant sprayed onto the cavity wall of the first flow guide cavity (211) flows into the surface of the heat exchange tube (30) from the first outlet (212) under the action of gravity to form a liquid film layer, and the gaseous refrigerant flows out from the second outlet.
2. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distributor section (221) extends helically around the first axis.
3. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distribution section (221) is provided with at least one revolution around the first axis, and all liquid distribution holes (2211) are provided with at least one revolution around the first axis.
4. The liquid distributor of claim 1, wherein the first inlet is positioned lower than the second outlet in the direction of gravity.
5. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distribution holes (2211) are uniformly arranged on the liquid distribution section (221) at intervals, and the pore diameter of the liquid distribution holes (2211) is gradually increased from one end of the liquid distribution section (221) close to the first inlet to one end close to the second outlet.
6. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the pore diameters of all the liquid distribution holes (2211) are the same, and the distance between two adjacent liquid distribution holes (2211) is gradually reduced from one end of the liquid distribution section (221) close to the first inlet to one end close to the second outlet.
7. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the first axis forms a first central axis of the liquid distribution section (221), the first central axis overlapping a second central axis of the first flow guiding chamber (211).
8. The liquid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distributor (22) further comprises a first liquid inlet section (222), the first liquid inlet section (222) being connected to an end of the liquid distributor section (221) provided with the first inlet;
The first inlet is provided with a third central axis, and the first liquid inlet section (222) extends along the third central axis.
9. The liquid distributor according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising drainage needles (23), all of the drainage needles (23) being arranged at a distance from each other on the end face of the first flow guiding member (21) where the first outlet (212) is arranged.
10. The liquid distributor according to claim 9, characterized in that the distance between every two adjacent drainage needles (23) is equal, and the lengths of all the drainage needles (23) are the same.
11. A liquid distributor according to claim 9, wherein the length of each drainage needle (23) ranges from 10mm to 50mm.
12. A falling film evaporator, comprising:
The shell assembly (10), an assembly cavity (11) is arranged in the shell assembly (10), and a third outlet (12) communicated with the assembly cavity (11) is also formed in the shell assembly (10);
A heat exchange tube (30), wherein at least part of the heat exchange tube (30) is arranged in the assembly cavity (11);
The liquid distributor according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the first flow guide (21) is arranged in the assembly chamber (11), and the first flow guide (21) is positioned above the heat exchange tube (30) in the gravity direction;
Wherein, at least part of the heat exchange tube (30) is positioned on a flow path of the refrigerant flowing out from the first outlet (212), and the second outlet and at least part of the outer surface of the heat exchange tube (30) are communicated with the third outlet (12).
13. Falling film evaporator according to claim 12, wherein the heat exchange tube (30) comprises a second liquid inlet section (31), a coil (32) and a first liquid outlet section (33) which are connected in sequence, the coil (32) extending helically in the direction of gravity, the second liquid inlet section (31) and the first liquid outlet section (33) penetrating the housing assembly (10);
Wherein the coil (32) is located in a flow path of the refrigerant flowing out of the first outlet (212), and an outer surface of the coil (32) is communicated with the third outlet (12).
14. The falling film evaporator according to claim 12, further comprising a second flow guiding member (40) arranged in the first flow guiding member (21), wherein the liquid distribution section (221) is arranged outside the second flow guiding member (40), a second flow guiding cavity is arranged in the second flow guiding member (40), a second inlet (41) and a fourth outlet which are communicated with the second flow guiding cavity are arranged on the second flow guiding member (40), and at least part of the outer surfaces of the second outlet and the heat exchange tube (30) are communicated with the second inlet (41), and the fourth outlet is communicated with the third outlet (12).
15. Falling film evaporator according to claim 12, characterized in that the end of the first flow guide (21) remote from the first outlet (212) is connected to the chamber wall of the fitting chamber (11);
The liquid distribution piece (22) further comprises an air outlet section (223), the air outlet section (223) is connected with one end, provided with the second outlet, of the liquid distribution section (221), the air outlet section (223) is located in the first flow guide cavity (211), and an air outlet hole (2231) is formed in the outer surface, facing the first outlet (212), of the cavity wall of the assembly cavity (11).
16. A chiller plant comprising a falling film evaporator as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15.
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| CN202111159211.6A CN113803911B (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and chiller |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111159211.6A CN113803911B (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and chiller |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1249032A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2000-03-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Liquid distribution devices, downflow film heat exchangers and absorption chillers |
| CN216204474U (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-04-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and water chilling unit |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB974935A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1964-11-11 | American Radiator & Standard | Refrigeration machine |
| WO1998019116A1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-07 | Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid refrigerant dropping apparatus for absorption type refrigerators |
| CN201811482U (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-04-27 | 徐阳 | Single pump coil absorption chiller |
| CN209944814U (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-01-14 | 王红旗 | Condenser for integrated energy-saving air conditioning unit |
| CN213455108U (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-06-15 | 南京恒标斯瑞冷冻机械制造有限公司 | Liquid homogenizing device and evaporator for falling film unit |
| CN212902836U (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-04-06 | 南京恒标斯瑞冷冻机械制造有限公司 | Liquid distribution device and falling film unit |
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2021
- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111159211.6A patent/CN113803911B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1249032A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2000-03-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Liquid distribution devices, downflow film heat exchangers and absorption chillers |
| CN216204474U (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-04-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Liquid distributor, falling film evaporator and water chilling unit |
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