CN113575069A - Fertilizing method for rice panicle fertilizer and application thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for rice panicle fertilizer and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
本发明属于水稻种植技术领域，具体涉及一种水稻穗肥的施肥方法及其应用。该施肥方法包括：根据水稻的品种、水稻生产目标，水稻倒4叶完全展开期的叶片含氮量，然后进行施肥。本发明提供的水稻穗肥的施肥方法，采用水稻倒4叶展开叶测定叶片含氮量从而确定施肥量是经过前期大量不同叶位叶片氮含量值的获取进行确定，不脱离实际生产，可以获得更精确的施肥量，避免过量施氮、氮肥利用率低的问题。
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for rice ear fertilizer and its application. The fertilization method includes: according to the variety of rice and the goal of rice production, the nitrogen content of the leaves at the fully expanded stage of the last four leaves of the rice, and then fertilizing. In the fertilization method for rice panicle fertilizer provided by the present invention, the nitrogen content of the leaves is measured by using the expanded leaves of the bottom four leaves of the rice to determine the fertilization amount. A more precise amount of fertilization can avoid the problems of excessive nitrogen application and low nitrogen utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method of rice panicle fertilizer and application thereof.
Background
China is a large country for rice planting and a large country for rice consumption, and the yield of rice directly influences the food safety in China and other countries. At present, with the shift of a large amount of rural labor to cities and towns, the suitable-age labor in agricultural production in China is increasingly in short supply; with the large-scale, standardized and intelligent process acceleration of rice planting and the continuous reduction of grain price, a novel main business body needs to reduce labor and fertilizer cost and improve the mechanized and accurate fertilization level; with the transformation of rice industry and the reformation of supply side, the rice production needs to solve the problems of poor rice quality, excessive nitrogen application, low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, extensive fertilization mode, low utilization rate of photo-thermal resources and the like. Scientific nitrogen reduction can not only ensure the rice yield and improve the quality, but also protect the ecological environment. With the development of socioeconomic development in China and the improvement of the living standard of urban and rural residents, the demand of rice is changed from quantity type to quality type and taste type, high-quality taste rice is more and more concerned by people, and factors influencing the quality of rice are closely related to the application of fertilizers in the cultivation technology, particularly the application amount of panicle fertilizer nitrogen, besides the genetic characteristics of varieties.
With the continuous expansion of rice scale operation in China, the rice production needs to further improve the intelligent, standardized and mechanized operation level. The rice machine transplanting synchronous side deep fertilization technology adopts a matched machine to accurately fertilize at a position of 5.0 +/-0.5 cm of one side of a seedling when rice is transplanted, meets the current requirement of large-scale rice planting, can also reduce the fertilization labor intensity, reduces the labor cost, can realize accurate fertilizer application by machine transplanting synchronous side deep fertilization, reduces the labor intensity, improves the planting efficiency, and is a green weight-reducing and efficiency-improving technology for rice. However, the problem that the fertilizer is not needed to be applied in the later growth period of the rice and the amount of fertilizer is needed to be applied if the fertilizer is applied after the side-deep synchronous fertilizer application is urgently needed to be solved in the current production.
Chinese patent 201910147647.X discloses a twice fertilization method of machine-transplanted rice, which is realized by omitting tillering fertilizer and grain grouting fertilizer, only applying basal fertilizer and jointing-pulling and spike-bearing fertilizer through improving fertilizer varieties, formulas, fertilization time and fertilization modes. The specific method is that a high-nitrogen formula slow-release and controlled-release compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied in a mixed application mode or a synchronous depth measurement application mode during rice transplanting before rice transplanting, urea is applied in a surface broadcasting application mode after rice is laid out and rehydrated, and the nitrogen application amount of the base fertilizer and the nitrogen application amount of additional fertilizer respectively account for 50% of the total nitrogen application amount. Compared with the conventional habitual fertilization, the number of the rice fertilization times is averagely reduced by 2, and the fertilizer nitrogen input is reduced by more than 20 percent, so that the tillering and early-growing of the rice in the vegetative growth period can be realized, and the premature senility of the rice in the reproductive growth period can be avoided; and the yield can be increased by 1.5-12.9%, the fertilization cost is reduced by 25.1-64.5 yuan/mu compared with the habitual fertilization of farmers, the net income is increased by 66.4-140.6 yuan/mu, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 3.2-10.8%. Compared with the traditional three-time fertilization of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, the method reduces fertilization for 1 time, but the second fertilization is that the nitrogen application amount of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer respectively accounts for 50 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, whether fertilizer is needed or not and the required fertilizer amount are not determined, and over-fertilization or fertilizer waste can be caused by inaccurate fertilization.
Chinese patent 201711098047.6 discloses a precise top dressing method for hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting variety parameter data; step 2: the use of a crop growth monitoring diagnostic apparatus; and step 3: measuring the spectral reflectivity of the canopy and the leaf area index LAI; and 4, step 4: localization of a hybrid rice growth index monitoring model; and 5: recommending an application amount; step 6: and (5) recording field files. The method comprises the steps of collecting the spectral reflectance of a rice canopy by a crop growth monitoring and diagnosing instrument, carrying out monitoring and diagnosis in the growth period of the rice booting stage, calculating a spectral vegetation index and a real-time leaf area index value, and further generating the recommended application amount of the pure nitrogen of the booting stage of the rice, wherein the process is relatively complex, and the recommended application amount of the pure nitrogen of the booting stage of the rice is calculated by other parameters on the side, and may have a certain difference with the actual planting and fertilization.
The research of 'a nondestructive rapid determination method for the nitrogen content of rice leaves', yellow clean and the like only shows that the CCN value can be used as a rapid diagnosis basis for the nitrogen content of the left-handed leaves, but does not disclose data of related rice and a fertilizing amount corresponding to a required rice target.
The patent discloses how to solve the problem of nitrogen fertilizer deficiency in a specific period with large influence on yield in the growth process of rice, provides a method for diagnosing nitrogen deficiency in the rice panicle period, constructs a rice nitrogen concentration model based on normalized vegetation index (NDSI (1136, 1587)) and a rice aboveground part dry matter model based on soil regulation and optimization vegetation index (OSAVI), estimates the nitrogen nutrition condition of the rice panicle period by utilizing a critical nitrogen concentration model established by the dry matter quantity of the rice aboveground part, and provides a fertilization scheme by combining the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of each ecological panicle period. The patent is estimated according to a calculation model, and various uncertain factors can exist in the actual planting process, so that the difference between the actual required fertilizing amount and the estimated fertilizing amount can be caused, and the fertilizing amount is inaccurate.
In conclusion, the prior art cannot grasp the fertilization time and precisely fertilize, and has the technical problems of excessive nitrogen application, low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and extensive fertilization mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for fertilizing a rice panicle fertilizer, which comprises performing a nitrogen content test in the 4-leaf stage of rice, and then performing precise fertilization according to the nitrogen content, rice variety and target rice.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (4) fertilizing according to the variety of the rice, the production target of the rice and the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf full-unfolding period. Pouring 3 leaves and exposing the tip, pouring 4 leaves and completely unfolding the leaves, which is the best period for the development of the rice spike and the application of the spike fertilizer. The method for determining the fertilizing amount by measuring the nitrogen content of the leaves in the unfolding period of the inverted 4 leaves is determined by acquiring a large number of leaf nitrogen content values of different leaf positions in the early period.
Further, the rice variety is preferably japonica rice, indica rice or japonica/indica hybrid rice.
Further, the method for detecting the nitrogen content of the leaf blade in the inverted 4-leaf full development period of the rice can be any existing technology for measuring the nitrogen content, such as a Kjeldahl (Mirco-Kjeldahl) azotometer, a salicylic acid-hypochlorite photometer, an aminobenzenesulfonic acid-alpha-naphthylamine photometer, a phenoldisulfonic acid photometer and the like, and can also be some existing nitrogen measuring instruments.
Preferably, the nitrogen content of the leaf of the rice in the full development period of the inverted 4 leaves is detected by using a rice leaf nitrogen detector (CNN). The rice leaf nitrogen tester is produced and applied after a large number of test data correction models, and can be directly purchased by the conventional instrument merchants. A rice leaf nitrogen tester is a rice leaf nondestructive testing device, can accurately apply rice panicle fertilizer according to a target in the later stage of side deep fertilization, improves taste quality, provides a different method for quality-improving, efficiency-improving, accurate fertilization and high-quality rice industrialization of the rice industry, and is expected to provide technical support for improving the production benefit of rice on the premise of ensuring the optimal economic benefit.
Preferably, according to the variety and target rice of the rice, the nitrogen content of the leaf of the rice in the 4-leaf full development period is changed, and then the fertilizer is applied, the following conditions are adopted:
(1) the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 3.5 to 4.5 kg/mu, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.6 percent to 2.9 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu; or
(2) The variety of the rice is indica rice, the production target yield of the rice is more than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3.5-4.5 kg/mu, and if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is more than or equal to 3.1 percent and less than or equal to 3.6 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1.5-2.5 kg/mu; or
(3) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 650 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 3.5 to 4.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.5 percent or more and NAV < 3.8 percent or less, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu; or
(4) The variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.4 percent to NAV < 2.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu; or
(5) The variety of the rice is indica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu; or
(6) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.8 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.8 percent to NAV < 3.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu; or
(7) The variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the NAV is less than or equal to 2.9, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu; or
(8) The variety of the rice is indica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu; or
(9) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is less than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.4 percent or less and 3.7 percent or less, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu.
More preferably, the fertilization is performed as follows:
(1) the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 kg/mu in 2 days, and if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is more than or equal to 2.6 percent and less than or equal to 2.9 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu in 2 days; or
(2) The variety of the rice is indica rice, the production target yield of the rice is more than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV (NAV <3.1 percent), the nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 2 days for 4 kg/mu, and if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is more than or equal to 3.1 percent and less than or equal to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 2 days for 2 kg/mu; or
(3) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 650 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.5 percent or more and NAV < 3.8 percent or less, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 days at 2 kg/mu; or
(4) The variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.4 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.4 percent or more and NAV < 2.7 percent or less, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu within 2 days; or
(5) The variety of the rice is indica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is more than or equal to 3.1 percent and less than or equal to NAV < 3.6 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu within 2 days; or
(6) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.8 percent, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.8 percent or more and NAV < 3.7 percent or less, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu within 2 days; or
(7) The variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.6 percent or more and NAV < 2.9, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1.5 kg/mu within 2 days; or
(8) The variety of the rice is indica rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 kg/mu within 2 days, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is more than or equal to 3.1 percent and less than or equal to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1.5 kg/mu within 2 days; or
(9) The variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the production targets of the rice are as follows: the yield is less than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 2 days by 3.0 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.4 percent or more and NAV < 3.7 percent or less, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 2 days by 1.5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the fertilization mode can be manual fertilization, and can also be fertilization by rice fertilization equipment.
More preferably, the fertilization is carried out by deep fertilization on the machine-transplanted side of the rice.
The invention aims to also provide a fertilizing method from rice seedling planting to rice maturity, which mainly aims at the problem of fertilizer application from rice seedling planting to rice harvesting, and adopts a side deep fertilizer applicator to synchronously apply base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer during rice seedling planting; and then accurately applying the panicle fertilizer according to different targets of high yield, high quality and balance according to the fertilizing method of the rice panicle fertilizer.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: (1) conventionally applying a tiller fertilizer; (2) applying the spike fertilizer by using the spike fertilizer applying method.
Preferably, in the step (1), the rice machine side deep fertilization is adopted for fertilization.
Preferably, in step (1), the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 65-75% of the total nitrogen required from the planting of rice to the harvesting.
Further, in the step (1), the application amount of the base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer is the same as that of the conventional field management base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer.
Further, the fertilizing method also comprises the steps of selecting a rice field and planting rice seedlings.
In certain implementations, the method includes the steps of: (1) conventionally planting different types of varieties; (2) determining the fertilizer application amount of the side deep synchronous fertilization of the transplanter according to the soil and variety types; (3) detecting the nitrogen content of the fully unfolded inverted 4 leaves by using a rice leaf nitrogen determinator in the spike differentiation stage; (4) the application amount of the spike fertilizer of different types of varieties is determined according to the high-yield, high-quality and balanced targets.
The invention also provides a method for planting high-yield/taste type/balanced rice, which is based on the rice panicle fertilizer application method.
The method for planting high-yield rice comprises the following steps: firstly detecting the nitrogen content of leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying spike fertilizer; the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the standard of high yield is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 3.5 to 4.5 kg/mu, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.6 percent to 2.9 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu; or
The variety of the rice is indica rice, and the standard of high yield is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 3.5 to 4.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu; or
The rice variety is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the high yield standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 650 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 3.5 to 4.5 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 3.5 percent to NAV < 3.8 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu.
In certain embodiments, the method of growing high yield rice comprises: firstly detecting the nitrogen content of leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying spike fertilizer; the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the standard of high yield is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.6 percent or less than 2.9 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu; or the variety of the rice is indica rice, and the standard of high yield is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu; or the variety of the rice is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the standard of high yield is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 650 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 3.5 percent to NAV < 3.8 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu.
The method for planting the plant-flavor rice comprises the following steps: when applying the spike fertilizer, firstly detecting the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying the spike fertilizer;
the rice variety is japonica rice, and the taste type standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 2.4 percent to NAV < 2.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu; or
The rice variety is indica rice, and the standard of the taste type is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu; or
The rice variety is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the taste type standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.8 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.8 percent to NAV < 3.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 0.5 to 1.5 kg/mu.
In certain embodiments, the method of growing a rice having a vegetable taste comprises: when applying the spike fertilizer, firstly detecting the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying the spike fertilizer; the rice variety is japonica rice, and the taste type standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.4 percent to NAV < 2.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu; or the rice variety is indica rice, and the standard of the taste type is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu; or the rice variety is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the taste type standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.8 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.8 percent to NAV < 3.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 kg/mu.
The method for planting balanced rice comprises the following steps: when applying the spike fertilizer, firstly detecting the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying the spike fertilizer;
the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the NAV is less than or equal to 2.9, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu; or
The rice variety is indica rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is NAV <3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent to NAV < 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu; or
The rice variety is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is less than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 2.5 to 3.5 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.4 percent or less and 3.7 percent or less, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 1 to 2 kg/mu.
In certain embodiments, the method of growing a balanced rice plant comprises: when applying the spike fertilizer, firstly detecting the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the 4-leaf-poured complete expansion period, and then applying the spike fertilizer; the variety of the rice is japonica rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 500 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <2.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 kg/mu, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 2.6 percent or more and NAV < 2.9, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1-2 kg/mu; or the variety of the rice is indica rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is more than or equal to 550 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is N AV less than 3.1 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 kg/mu, if the nitrogen content of the detected leaves is 3.1 percent or more and NAV less than or equal to 3.6 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1-2 kg/mu; or the rice variety is japonica indica hybrid rice, and the balance standard is as follows: the yield is less than or equal to 600 kg/mu, the protein content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent, if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is NAV <3.4 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 kg/mu, and if the detected nitrogen content of the leaves is 3.4 percent to NAV < 3.7 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1.5 kg/mu.
Further, the method for growing high yield/high quality/balanced rice may include other conventional rice growing and fertilizing.
In the present invention, the term "CCN" refers to: leaf nitrogen content as determined by rice leaves, "NAV" refers to the mean value of CCN determined for inverted 4 leaves.
In the present invention, the term "nitrogen fertilizer X kg/mu" means that the nitrogen content of a conventional nitrogen fertilizer containing nitrogen is X kg/mu, if a composite nitrogen fertilizer is applied, converted according to the corresponding nitrogen content. The conventional nitrogen fertilizer is a conventional rice nitrogen fertilizer, and the conventional rice nitrogen fertilizer is generally 3 of the following types: (1) urea: the standard finished product of urea generally contains 46% of nitrogen, the pure product is white granular crystals, the urea is the most applied chemical fertilizer in the current production, the fertilizer is fast, and the urea is suitable for being used as a base fertilizer, an additional fertilizer or a leaf fertilizer, and is not suitable for being used as a seed fertilizer; (2) ammonium sulfate: the standard finished product of ammonium sulfate contains 20-21% of nitrogen, and the pure product is a white crystal. The fertilizer has small hygroscopicity, is not easy to agglomerate, is a relatively stable ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, is easy to be deeper than water, has quick fertilizer efficiency, and is a nitrogen fertilizer with the highest fertilizer utilization rate in rice production; (3) ammonium bicarbonate: the standard finished ammonium bicarbonate contains 17% of nitrogen, is white fine grain crystals, and has strong pungent and ammonia odor. It is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, and is easy to dissolve in water, and its aqueous solution is alkaline reaction, and after it is applied to soil, it is neutral reaction. The fertilizer is mainly used as a base fertilizer, and is used for ditching, deep application, immediate earthing, and tight burying and compacting to avoid nitrogen loss.
In the invention, the numerical value changes of the numerical values such as the mass, the volume and the like caused by the instrument error and the operation error are not included in the numerical values provided by the invention, namely, the numerical value changes caused by the instrument error and the operation error are all in the technical scheme of the invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that
The method for fertilizing the rice panicle fertilizer provided by the invention determines the nitrogen content of the leaves by adopting the inverted 4-leaf unfolded leaves of the rice so as to determine the fertilizing amount, and the fertilizing amount is determined by obtaining a large number of nitrogen content values of the leaves at different leaf positions in the early stage, so that the method does not depart from the actual production, can obtain more accurate fertilizing amount and avoids the problems of excessive nitrogen application and low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
The method for fertilizing the rice panicle fertilizer provided by the invention is characterized in that the nitrogen content of rice leaves is obtained by detecting the rice in the inverted 4-leaf development period, the application amount of the panicle fertilizer is accurately determined according to the relationship between the nitrogen content and the application amount of the rice leaves of different types and the high-yield, high-quality and balanced targets, different technical ideas are provided for reducing the application of the fertilizer according to the targets, and different methods are provided for the development of information fertilization of high-quality rice and intelligent agriculture.
The method for fertilizing the rice panicle fertilizer provided by the invention is applied to production based on comparison of data of a large number of rice leaf nitrogen measuring instruments at the early stage and actually measured leaf nitrogen content data, and solves the problem that the fertilizing amount is separated from the actual fertilizing amount due to uncertain factors existing in the fertilizing amount predicted by a calculation model.
The fertilizing method of the rice panicle fertilizer provided by the invention is used for nondestructive monitoring through the rice leaf nitrogen tester, and the rice leaf nitrogen tester is small, exquisite, convenient and flexible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a rice leaf nitrogen analyzer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the detection method of the rice leaf nitrogen analyzer.
Detailed Description
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
In the examples of the present invention, the nitrogen content of the leaf at the inverted 4-leaf full development stage of rice was measured by using a rice leaf nitrogen analyzer as shown in FIG. 1. The measurement method is shown in FIG. 2: 1. pressing a power button; 2. carrying out empty measurement without clamping any object; 3. the rice leaves were pinched and the sound of "P" was heard, and the measurement was completed, and the measurement result was displayed on the display screen.
In the embodiment of the invention, three different rice varieties of japonica rice, indica rice and japonica/indica hybrid rice are selected for testing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fertilizing method of the tiller fertilizer adopts rice machine transplanting side deep fertilization: according to the conventional planting of rice, a side deep fertilizer applicator is adopted to synchronously apply base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer during rice transplanting, and the application amount of the fertilizer is the same as that of conventional field management tiller fertilizer.
Example 1
(1) Planting three different kinds of rice, namely japonica rice, indica rice and japonica/indica hybrid rice in a standard rice field;
(2) applying a tiller fertilizer by using a rice machine transplanting side deep fertilizer;
(3) and (4) measuring the nitrogen content of the leaves of the rice in the inverted 4-leaf complete development period, recording the CNN value, repeatedly measuring for 15 times, and calculating the NAV value.
(4) Determining the application amount of the panicle fertilizer of different types of varieties according to the target rice with high yield, good taste and balance and the detected leaf nitrogen content of different rice varieties; the nitrogen content of the leaves of the three varieties of rice, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing time according to the requirements of target rice are shown in the following table 1;
TABLE 1 amount and time of fertilizer application for three different target paddy rice
(5) Three kinds of rice were harvested, and the harvesting conditions are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 fertilizing amount and fertilizing time for three kinds of rice with different target
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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