CN113521303B - 一种共同负载pd-l1抗体和sting激动剂的纳米囊泡及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种共同负载pd-l1抗体和sting激动剂的纳米囊泡及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113521303B CN113521303B CN202110769402.8A CN202110769402A CN113521303B CN 113521303 B CN113521303 B CN 113521303B CN 202110769402 A CN202110769402 A CN 202110769402A CN 113521303 B CN113521303 B CN 113521303B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种负载PD‑L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡,其结构包括外壳和内核,外壳由脂质双分子层膜制备而成,外壳偶联MMP‑2敏感的多肽链,多肽链与PD‑L1抗体偶联,外壳还偶联PEG;其内核为STING激动剂。本发明的纳米囊泡以长链PEG作为抗体的保护屏障,阻止PD‑L1抗体正常组织上的PD‑L1抗原发生非特异性结合;还具有pH和MMP‑2双重敏感性,由于外壳脂质体还偶联有MMP‑2敏感的肽链,当所述囊泡到达酸性及高MMP‑2浓度的残余肿瘤微环境中,可响应性地释放PEG层以及PD‑L1抗体,释放后囊泡表面电荷由负转正,可有效促进抗原提呈细胞对载STING激活剂载体的内吞。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于肿瘤诊断与治疗技术领域,具体涉及一种共同负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
STING激活剂可有效抑制肿瘤增长,然而STING激活后可诱导PD-L1上调,发生免疫逃逸,从而限制其疗效,且STING激活剂和PD-L1抗体协同治疗的疗效显著优于单药治疗。目前上市的STING激活药物均为亲水性小分子药物,存在易降解、难以入胞的问题,并限于瘤内注射治疗,不适用于不可直接注射的癌症治疗。目前,已有多项研究设计不同载体负载STING激活剂用于抗肿瘤治疗。
现有研究报道载STING激活剂体系无法实现与抗体共同负载。STING激活剂与PD-L1抗体具有完全不同的物理化学性质和药物代谢动力学特征。此外,STING激动剂和αPD-L1的作用位点分别位于细胞内和细胞外膜上,这使得分别给药后难以控制其在肿瘤部位的比例及分布,从而可能影响协同治疗的效果。且游离PD-L1抗体治疗可非特异结合于表达PD-L1的正常组织,因而引起免疫相关性毒副作用。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种能同时负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡。以实现共同静脉输送STING激活剂和PD-L1抗体,利于两种药物的协同治疗。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现本发明的目的:
一种纳米囊泡,所述纳米囊泡同时负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂,所述纳米囊泡的结构包括外壳和内核,所述外壳由脂质双分子层膜制备而成,所述外壳偶联MMP-2敏感的多肽链,所述多肽链还与PD-L1抗体偶联,所述外壳还偶联PEG;所述内核为亲水性的小分子STING激动剂。由图1可知,所述PD-L1抗体通过与MMP-2敏感多肽链偶联实现与所述外壳的连接。
优选地,所述亲水性小分子STING激动剂是由5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸(DMXAA)盐化成亲水的5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐。在本发明中记为:DMXAAst。
本发明的纳米囊泡之所以能同时负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂,是因为本发明将PD-L1抗体通过MMP-2敏感的短肽链将其与纳米囊泡脂质体表面偶联,最后在纳米囊泡的最外层表面偶联了酸敏感长链PEG,作为PD-L1抗体的屏蔽层,阻碍PD-L1抗体与正常组织上的PD-L1分子发生非特异性结合。
本发明纳米囊泡联合PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂协同治疗肿瘤的机理如下:
一方面,当所述纳米囊泡富集在肿瘤组织中后,酸性肿瘤微环境触发酸敏感屏蔽层PEG的脱落,肿瘤微环境中存在的过表达MMP-2蛋白酶就会酶切MMP-2敏感的短肽链释放PD-L1抗体,解除免疫抑制,重新激活T细胞的抗肿瘤免疫。另一方面,PEG和抗体的释放产生了-NH2,使得囊泡的表面电位从负电性翻转为正电性,促进巨噬细胞和树突状细胞内吞所述纳米囊泡。在细胞内溶酶体的酸性环境中(pH 5.0),亲水性的DMXAAst转变为疏水性的DMXAA,插入到脂质体膜结构中,诱导脂质体重新组装,从而快速释放出药物(图1),激活巨噬细胞和树突状细胞的STING通路,强化和维持RFA术(射频消融术)后的肿瘤特异性T免疫反应。
优选地,所述脂质双分子层膜由二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、胆固醇(CHO)、磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)组成,其中四者的摩尔比依次为:20:4:1:2。
优选地,所述与PD-L1抗体偶联的多肽链,其氨基酸序列包括如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列。SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列具体为:PLGVRG。本发明序列“PLGVRG”为MMP-2蛋白酶酶切位点。因此,只要多肽链中含有SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列即可被MMP-2蛋白酶识别。
本发明还提供如上所述纳米囊泡的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:在催化剂的作用下,经草酰氯活化的2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸(CDM)与甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG-OH)发生酯化反应,反应结束后,将反应液沉淀、抽滤、洗涤后,再抽滤得到聚合物mPEG-CDM;
步骤2:在催化剂的作用下,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的肽链与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(3-Mal-NHS)发生偶联反应,反应结束后,将反应液沉淀、溶解、透析,冻干后得到MMP-2敏感的短肽链;
步骤3:将步骤2中的所述肽链与PD-L1抗体在室温下孵育,使所述肽链与PD-L1抗体偶联,获得与PD-L1抗体偶联的MMP-2敏感的短肽链;
步骤4:将二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、胆固醇(CHO)、磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)和二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)溶于混合溶剂,制得所述纳米囊泡的外壳;
再加入5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐(DMXAAst),超声,过滤,获得混合溶液A;
在所述混合溶液A中加入步骤3所述的短肽链,涡旋振荡,获得混合溶液B;
在混合溶液B中加入聚合物mPEG-CDM,涡旋振荡获得混合溶液C;
将混合溶液C进行透析、超滤和浓缩后,获得权利要求1所述的纳米囊泡。
优选地,所述步骤1中2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸(CDM)与甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG-OH)的摩尔比为:40:1;
所述步骤2中肽链与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(3-Mal-NHS)的摩尔比为:1:2.5;
所述步骤3中所述肽链与PD-L1抗体摩尔比为:1:24;
所述步骤4中所述二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、胆固醇(CHO)、磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)和二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)的摩尔比依次为:20:4:1:2;
加入5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐(DMXAAst)的质量浓度为4.1%;
在所述混合溶液A中加入步骤3所述的短肽链的质量浓度为2%;
在混合溶液B中加入聚合物mPEG-CDM的质量浓度为9.6%。
优选地,所述步骤4中磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)由如下方法制备:在催化剂的作用下,将二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)、二苯基环辛炔-四聚乙二醇-琥珀酰亚胺酯(DBCO-PEG4-NHS Ester)溶于混合溶剂中,旋转蒸发后,将反应液沉淀,离心收集沉淀并真空干燥,即得。
本发明还提供了如上所述的纳米囊泡在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种pH和MMP-2双重敏感性的纳米囊泡,其特征在于,所述纳米囊泡的结构包括外壳和内核,所述外壳由脂质双分子层膜制备而成,所述外壳上偶联MMP-2敏感的多肽链,所述多肽链与PD-L1抗体偶联,所述外壳还偶联PEG;所述内核为抗肿瘤活性药物。
优选地,所述与PD-L1抗体偶联的多肽链其氨基酸序列包括如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明的纳米囊泡同时负载了αPD-L1抗体和DMXAAst,其PD-L1抗体的负载量为6.3%,载药效率为90.0%,DMXAAst的载药量为10.3%,载药效率为72.2%。本发明的纳米囊泡经过在外壳脂质体进行了长链PEG修饰,以长链PEG作为抗体的保护屏障,阻止PD-L1抗体与正常组织上的PD-L1分子发生非特异性结合,从而减少游离PD-L1抗体治疗面临的免疫相关毒副作用;本发明纳米囊泡还具有pH和MMP-2双重敏感性,由于外壳脂质体还偶联有MMP-2敏感的肽链,当所述囊泡到达酸性及高MMP-2浓度的残余肿瘤微环境中,可响应性地释放PEG层以及PD-L1抗体,释放后囊泡表面电荷由负转正,可有效促进抗原提呈细胞对STING激活剂的内吞,解决游离注射药物难以入胞的问题。
附图说明
图1为pH和MMP-2双敏感的纳米囊泡PEG-CDM-αPD-L1/DMXAAst(记为:P-αPD-L1/D)在肿瘤微环境中释放内核药物的过程示意图。
图2为pH和MMP-2双敏感的纳米囊泡PEG-CDM-αPD-L1/DMXAAst(P-αPD-L1/D)用于肿瘤靶向共递送αPD-L1和DMXAAst及协同免疫治疗射频消融术(radiofrequencyablation,RFA)术后肿瘤的复发和进展的示意图。
图3为P-αPD-L1-Cy3-FITC/DMXAAst纳米囊泡溶液的荧光光谱图。激发波长为FITC的最大吸收波长480nm。孵育条件为pH 6.5+10nM MMP-2。分别用Cy3和FITC荧光团标记αPD-L1和纳米囊泡。Pre是指在加入pH 6.5+10nM MMP-2之前纳米药物在pH为7.4的溶液中。
图4为激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)研究不同条件下的细胞摄取示意图。亲水性的罗丹明6G(Rho6G)替代DMXAAst制备P-αPD-L1/Rho6G纳米囊泡。骨髓来源的巨噬细胞(BMDMs)与PBS、free Rho6G或P-αPD-L1/Rho6G 1h。Rho6G的激发和发射光分别为550nm和625nm。NPs指的是P-αPD-L1/Rho6G纳米药物。Rho6G以红光模式显示。
图5为P-αPD-L1/ICG的肿瘤富集和生物分布图。(a)活体荧光成像示踪纳米囊泡P-αPD-L1/ICG和αPD-L1/ICG的肿瘤富集过程。(b)不同时间点肿瘤部位单位面积荧光强度的变化。(c-d)尾静脉注射P-αPD-L1/ICG(吲哚菁绿(indocyanine green),ICG)和αPD-L1/ICG纳米囊泡24h后,(c)小鼠主要器官和肿瘤的荧光成像图及(d)单位面积荧光强度的统计图。亲水性的ICG荧光染料替代DMXAAst制备P-αPD-L1/ICG和αPD-L1/ICG两种纳米囊泡。ICG的注射剂量为0.5mg/kg小鼠体重。用红色圈指示CT26皮下移植肿瘤,黄色箭头指的是RFA消融区域。统计分析图b中P-αPD-L1/ICG和αPD-L1/ICG两组在相同时间点的荧光强度,*P<0.05,**P<0.01和***P<0.0001。
具体实施方式
为了更加简洁明了的展示本发明的技术方案、目的和优点,下面结合具体实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案。如无特殊说明,本发明实施例中所涉及的试剂均为市售产品,均可以通过商业渠道购买获得。
实施例
本实施例提供一种共同负载PD-L1抗体(αPD-L1)和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1、制备与纳米囊泡外壳偶联的PEG(记为:mPEG-CDM)
(1)活化2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸:
将0.37g 2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸(CDM)和50μL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶于5mL干燥的二氯甲烷,冰水浴冷却。N2气氛下,将1.27mL草酰氯滴入到上述反应液中并搅拌3h。旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷和多余的草酰氯,得到的浅黄色液体。
(2)取0.25g甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG-OH,5KDa,乙二醇的聚合度n为114)溶于4mL无水二氯甲烷后,滴入到步骤(1)的浅黄色液体中,冰水浴冷却。N2气氛下,分别加入12mL甲苯、12mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶和0.35mL三乙胺,获得混合溶液。继续搅拌12h后,用乙醚沉降出所述混合溶液中的固体,抽滤,获得滤饼。将滤饼溶于100mL二氯甲烷后,分别用15mL 0.5M盐酸水溶液和15mL饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤。将分液后的二氯甲烷分别用MgSO4干燥、过滤、浓缩、最后加入过量的乙醚,通过抽滤得到的浅黄色粉末,即为mPEG-CDM(产率82%),反应式如下:
2、合成MMP-2敏感的短肽链(Mal-GGPLGVRGG-K(N3)-NH2)
取92.1mg GGPLGVRGGK(N3)-NH2(SEQ ID NO:2)、66.6mg 3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(3-Mal-NHS)和50μL N,N-二异丙基乙胺溶于1.5mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)并搅拌8h。将反应液沉淀在过量的乙醚中得淡黄色粉末。将淡黄色粉末溶于2mL H2O并加入50μL三氟乙酸,然后装入透析袋中用水透析1天,冻干得到白色粉末(产率:75%),该白色粉末即为MMP-2敏感的短肽链。反应式如下:
用Cy3标记PD-L1抗体或Iso抗体,实验步骤如下:首先,将60μL饱和NaHCO3水溶液和367μg sulfo-Cy3 NHS加入含有3.0mgαPD-L1或Iso抗体的PBS溶液(pH 6.5)并在室温下搅拌1h。采用串联方式装有2个5mL G25 HiTrap脱盐柱的蛋白纯化系统(GEHealthcare)纯化抗体,从而合成Cy3标记的抗体(αPD-L1-Cy3或Iso-Cy3)。其次,将2.5mgαPD-L1-Cy3或者αPD-L1加入到含有EDTA的PBS溶液中(20mM PBS,30mM EDTA,pH 8.0),再加入45μg三(2-羧乙基)磷化氢盐酸盐,室温下搅拌1h。最后,加入430μg Mal-GGPLGVRGG-K(N3)-NH2,室温下搅拌6h,采用串联方式装有2个5mL G25 HiTrap脱盐柱的蛋白纯化系统(GE Healthcare)纯化抗体,从而合成MMP-2敏感短肽链标记的抗体,反应式如下(其中,肽链与PD-L1抗体摩尔比为:1:24):
4、合成磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)
将195mg二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)、187mg二苯基环辛炔-四聚乙二醇-琥珀酰亚胺酯(DBCO-PEG4-NHS Ester)、2mL二氯甲烷、2mL甲醇和83μL N,N-二异丙基乙胺转移到反应瓶中并搅拌12h。旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷后,滴入过量的正己烷和乙醚(v/v,1/1);离心收集沉淀并真空干燥(产率78%),获得磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)。反应式如下:
5、制备负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡
将15.1mg二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、1.5mg胆固醇(CHO)、1.23mg磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔(DBCO-PEG4-DSPE)和1.44mg二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)溶于20mL二氯甲烷/甲醇/H2O(15/4/1,v/v/v)的混合溶剂中。旋转蒸发除去溶剂后,加入含有4.1mg 5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐(DMXAAst)的6mL PBS(pH 7.4),超声10min。用孔径为400nm的滤膜过滤负载DMXAAst的样品溶液以除去大颗粒聚集体。其次,加入2.0mgαPD-L1-peptide-N3或Iso-peptide-N3,室温下继续涡旋8h。再次,9.6mg mPEG-CDM溶于3mL H2O后,加入到上述溶液中,室温下继续涡旋4h。最后,将上述溶液在PBS透析除去游离的药物和mPEG,超滤浓缩,4℃储存备用。获得本发明共同负载αPD-L1和DMXAAst的纳米囊泡。
本发明中DMXAAst是由DMXAA转化成其羧酸钠盐制备而成,其方法如下:
取282.29mg DMXAA(5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸)溶于5mL DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)后,加入40mg NaOH(氢氧化钠)和20μL水,搅拌5min,加入50mL乙醚,离心收集沉淀,用乙醚洗涤,真空干燥后得到DMXAAst(5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐)。DMXAA商品信息:商家selleck,CAS No.117570-53-3。
实验一:检测纳米囊泡PD-L1抗体与DMXAAst的载药量
采用Cy3标记的αPD-L1(即αPD-L1-Cy3)制备纳米囊泡,荧光分光光度计(激发和发射波长分别设为530nm和560nm)测得αPD-L1的负载量为6.3%,载药效率为90.0%。而HPLC测定DMXAAst的载药量为10.3%,载药效率为72.2%。
实验二:检测纳米囊泡上的PD-L1抗体是否成功通过MMP-2敏感肽链接于纳米囊泡
表面
制备P-αPD-L1-Cy3-FITC/DMXAAst溶液(pH6.5+10nM MMP-2),具体操作如下:将15.1mg二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、1.5mg胆固醇、1.23mg磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔和1.44mg FITC标记的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺溶于20mL二氯甲烷/甲醇/H2O(15/4/1,v/v/v)的混合溶剂中。旋转蒸发除去溶剂后,加入含有4.1mg DMXAAst的6mL PBS(pH 7.4),超声10min。用孔径为400nm的滤膜过滤负载DMXAAst的样品溶液以除去大颗粒聚集体。其次,加入2.0mg Cy3标记的αPD-L1-peptide-N3,室温下继续涡旋8h。再次,9.6mg mPEG-CDM溶于3mL H2O后,加入到上述溶液中,室温下继续涡旋4h。最后,将上述溶液在PBS透析除去游离的药物和mPEG,超滤浓缩,4℃储存备用。获得本发明共同负载αPD-L1和DMXAAst的纳米囊泡,该囊泡中的PD-L1抗体被Cy3标记,纳米囊泡外壳被FITC标记。
应用荧光共振能量转移(FRET)原理,采用荧光分光光度计分析了在FITC最大激发波长激光照射下(480nm),纳米囊泡溶液FITC和Cy3的荧光谱。结果如图3所示,在孵育开始时(0h),荧光光谱图同时显示出了FTIC(520nm)以及Cy3(570nm)的荧光峰,说明了FRET的发生,这是由于αPD-L1-Cy3和DSPE-FITC的距离小于所致;而随着孵育时间延长,FITC的荧光强度逐渐增强,Cy3的荧光强度逐渐减弱,直至无法检测,说明了FRET逐渐失效,这是由于αPD-L1-Cy3和DSPE-FITC的距离增大所致。这说明了,在开始孵育时,抗体通过MMP-2短肽成功偶联在纳米囊泡上,而经MMP-2酶切后,敏感肽断裂,αPD-L1-Cy3释放,因而FRET不再发生。
实验三:检测纳米囊泡对胞内药物摄取的影响
采用亲水性的小分子荧光染料罗丹明6G(Rho6G)替代DMXAAst,制备了P-αPD-L1/Rho6G,以探究肿瘤模拟条件下,P-αPD-L1/Rho6G能否将亲水药物有效递送至骨髓来源的巨噬细胞(BMDMs)内。结果如附图4。CLSM观察结果显示,相较于游离Rho6G,纳米载体递送药物使得细胞内药物聚集显著增多。
实验四:检测纳米囊泡在体内的肿瘤蓄积和生物分布
将亲水性荧光分子吲哚青绿ICG替代DMXAAst包裹在聚乙二醇PEG修饰的和不含PEG的纳米囊泡中,分别为P-αPD-L1/ICG和αPD-L1/ICG,ICG的注射剂量为0.5mg/kg小鼠体重。建立小鼠皮下肿瘤不完全消融模型,利用体内荧光成像系统(IVFIS)追踪纳米囊泡在小鼠体内的分布。结果如图5所示,尾静脉注射P-αPD-L1/ICG组小鼠和αPD-L1/ICG组小鼠中的肿瘤荧光强度(FI)在尾静脉注射后9h达到最大值。P-αPD-L1/ICG组的荧光强度明显高于αPD-L1/ICG组。其原因是P-αPD-L1/ICG中的PEG壳层能显著降低αPD-L1的非靶向效应和巨噬细胞在循环中的吞噬功能,从而延长循环时间。
静脉注射后9h处死小鼠,解剖肿瘤和重要器官,离体成像。进行定量分析结果如图5所示,P-αPD-L1/ICG组肿瘤单位面积荧光强度(mean FL)显著高于αPD-L1/ICG组,而肝、脾FI均值明显低于αPD-L1/ICG组。这些结果表明,PEG修饰能有效地保护PD-L1抗体(αPD-L1),减少其与表达PD-L1的正常器官结合,从而减少负载PD-L1抗体的纳米囊泡的非靶向递送。
基于上述实验二~四的实验结果,表明本发明同时负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡,以长链PEG作为抗体的保护屏障,阻止PD-L1抗体与正常组织上的PD-L1分子发生非特异性结合,减少负载PD-L1抗体的纳米囊泡的非靶向递送;由于外壳上偶联的PEG以及抗体与MMP-2敏感肽链偶联,当所述纳米囊泡到达酸性及高MMP-2浓度的残余肿瘤微环境中,本发明的纳米囊泡可响应性地释放PEG层以及PD-L1抗体,释放后的囊泡表面电荷由负转正,有效促进抗原提呈细胞对纳米囊泡的内吞,在细胞内溶酶体的酸性环境中(pH 5.0),亲水性的DMXAAst转变为疏水性的DMXAA,插入到脂质体膜结构中,诱导脂质体重新组装,从而快速释放出药物,解决了游离注射药物难以入胞的问题。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 中山大学附属第一医院
<120> 一种共同负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂的纳米囊泡及其制备方法与应用
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Claims (5)
1.一种纳米囊泡,其特征在于,所述纳米囊泡同时负载PD-L1抗体和STING激动剂,所述纳米囊泡的结构包括外壳和内核,所述外壳由脂质双分子层膜制备而成,所述外壳偶联MMP-2敏感的多肽链,所述多肽链还与PD-L1抗体偶联,所述外壳还偶联PEG;所述内核为亲水性的小分子STING激动剂;
所述脂质双分子层膜由二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺组成,其中四者的摩尔比依次为:20:4:1:2;
所述亲水性的小分子STING激动剂为5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐;
所述与PD-L1抗体偶联的多肽链,其氨基酸序列包括如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述纳米囊泡的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:在催化剂的作用下,经草酰氯活化的2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸与甲氧基聚乙二醇发生酯化反应,反应结束后,将反应液沉淀、抽滤、洗涤后,再抽滤得到mPEG-CDM;
步骤2:在催化剂的作用下,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的肽链与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯发生偶联反应,反应结束后,将反应液沉淀、溶解、透析,冻干后得到MMP-2敏感的短肽链;
步骤3:将步骤2中所述MMP-2敏感的短肽链与PD-L1抗体在室温下孵育,使所述MMP-2敏感的短肽链与PD-L1抗体偶联,获得与PD-L1抗体偶联的MMP-2敏感的短肽链;
步骤4:将二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔和二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺溶于混合溶剂,制得所述纳米囊泡的外壳;
再加入5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐,超声,过滤,获得混合溶液A;
在所述混合溶液A中加入步骤3所述与PD-L1抗体偶联的MMP-2敏感的短肽链,涡旋振荡,获得混合溶液B;
在混合溶液B中加入步骤1所述mPEG-CDM,涡旋振荡获得混合溶液C;
将混合溶液C进行透析、超滤和浓缩后,获得所述纳米囊泡。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中2,5-二羟基-4-甲基-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃丙酸与甲氧基聚乙二醇的摩尔比为:40:1;
所述步骤2中氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的肽链与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯的摩尔比为:1:2.5;
所述步骤3中所述MMP-2敏感的短肽链与PD-L1抗体摩尔比为:1:24;
加入5,6-二甲基黄嘌呤-4-乙酸钠盐的质量浓度为4.1%;
在所述混合溶液A中加入步骤3所述与PD-L1抗体偶联的MMP-2敏感的短肽链的质量浓度为2%;
在混合溶液B中加入步骤1所述mPEG-CDM的质量浓度为9.6%。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中磷脂-四聚乙二醇-二苯基环辛炔由如下方法制备:在催化剂的作用下,将二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二苯基环辛炔-四聚乙二醇-琥珀酰亚胺酯溶于混合溶剂中,旋转蒸发后,将反应液沉淀,离心收集沉淀并真空干燥,即得。
5.如权利要求1所述的纳米囊泡在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
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