CN113340904A - Method for detecting shrinkages of tobacco flakes - Google Patents
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- CN113340904A CN113340904A CN202110608023.0A CN202110608023A CN113340904A CN 113340904 A CN113340904 A CN 113340904A CN 202110608023 A CN202110608023 A CN 202110608023A CN 113340904 A CN113340904 A CN 113340904A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种烟片皱缩率检测方法，包括对烟片样品进行预处理；采集预处理后的烟片样品的第一图像；对预处理后的烟片样品进行干燥；采集干燥后的烟片样品的第二图像；对第一图像进行图像分析，获取第一图像中的预处理后的烟片样品的第一像素面积，以及，对第二图像进行图像分析，获取第二图像中的干燥后的烟片样品的第二像素面积；根据第一像素面积和第二像素面积计算烟片样品的皱缩率。通过分别采集干燥前和干燥后的烟片样品的图像信息，并测定干燥前图像中的烟片样品所占的像素面积和干燥后的图像中烟片样品所占的像素面积，利用干燥前、后烟片样品图像中的各个像素面积计算皱缩率，方法简便、有效且可操作性高。
The invention discloses a method for detecting shrinkage rate of tobacco sheets, which includes pre-processing a tobacco sheet sample; collecting a first image of the pre-treated tobacco sheet sample; drying the pre-treated tobacco sheet sample; the second image of the tobacco sheet sample; performing image analysis on the first image to obtain the first pixel area of the preprocessed tobacco sheet sample in the first image, and performing image analysis on the second image to obtain the second image The second pixel area of the dried tobacco sheet sample in ; the shrinkage rate of the tobacco sheet sample is calculated according to the first pixel area and the second pixel area. By collecting the image information of the tobacco sheet samples before and after drying respectively, and measuring the pixel area occupied by the tobacco sheet samples in the image before drying and the pixel area occupied by the tobacco sheet samples in the dried image, using the pre-drying, The shrinkage rate is calculated from the area of each pixel in the image of the smoked sheet sample, which is simple, effective and highly operable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette production, in particular to a method for detecting the shrinkage rate of tobacco flakes.
Background
Threshing and redrying are key links of the production of high-quality tobacco flake raw materials and are also the basis of cigarette production. Along with the change of temperature and the loss of moisture in the redrying process, the physical quality, chemical components, flavor components, sensory quality and the like of the tobacco flakes can be obviously changed, and the quality and the stability of finished tobacco flakes are further influenced.
During the redrying process, due to the rapid changes of temperature and moisture, the cell tissues of the tobacco flakes shrink to change the size and the shape, namely, the tobacco flakes shrink after being redried. When the shrinkage is serious, the large and medium sheet rate of the redried tobacco sheets is even obviously reduced, so that the reduction of the large and medium sheet rate after the redrying is used for representing the shrinkage rate in the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process specification (YC/T146-2010) of 2010 edition, and the technical requirements that the shrinkage rate of the first-class tobacco is less than 4%, the shrinkage rate of the medium-class tobacco is less than 5% and the shrinkage rate of the lower-class tobacco is less than 6% are provided. It follows that controlling lamina shrinkage is one of the main concerns for the lamina redrying process. And with the popularization of the formula threshing and redrying technology, the improvement of the consistency of shrinkage characteristics of the tobacco leaf raw materials in the module has important significance for homogenizing and processing the tobacco strips. Therefore, how to effectively detect the shrinkage rate of the redried tobacco sheets becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the shrinkage rate of tobacco flakes, which can quickly and effectively detect the shrinkage rate of redried tobacco flakes.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for detecting the shrinkage rate of tobacco flakes, which comprises the following steps:
pretreating a tobacco flake sample;
collecting a first image of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample;
drying the pretreated tobacco flake sample;
collecting a second image of the dried tobacco flake sample;
performing image analysis on the first image to obtain a first pixel area of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample in the first image, and performing image analysis on the second image to obtain a second pixel area of the dried tobacco flake sample in the second image;
and calculating the wrinkle ratio of the tobacco flake sample according to the first pixel area and the second pixel area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the image information of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying is respectively collected, the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake samples in the image before drying and the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake samples in the image after drying are measured, and the wrinkle ratio is calculated by utilizing the pixel areas in the images of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying, so that the method is simple, convenient, effective and high in operability.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkage rate of a tobacco sheet provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the same camera is used to acquire the first image and the second image; when the camera is used for acquiring the first image and the second image, the placing positions of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample and the dried tobacco flake sample are the same, and the shooting position of the camera and the shooting parameters of the camera are kept unchanged.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkage rate of a tobacco sheet provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the shooting parameters include: the sensitivity is 400, the focusing is 500, the aperture is 5.6, the illumination condition is an incandescent lamp, the exposure mode selects the aperture to preferentially perform automatic exposure, and the single-point servo focusing is set.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkability of a tobacco sheet, the preprocessing a tobacco sheet sample includes:
selecting a plurality of points at equal intervals on the connecting lines of the leaf tips, the leaves and the leaf bases of the tobacco flake samples;
respectively taking each point as a center, and acquiring a corresponding number of small samples of the tobacco flakes by using a puncher, wherein the small samples of the tobacco flakes are preprocessed tobacco flake samples.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkability of a tobacco sheet provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the preprocessing a tobacco sheet sample further includes:
flattening the small samples of the tobacco flakes;
and (4) placing the flattened tobacco flake sample into a constant temperature and humidity box for balancing for a period of time so as to enable the moisture content of the tobacco flake sample to reach a preset moisture value.
Optionally, in the method for detecting the shrinkability of the tobacco sheet provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 21-23 ℃, and the humidity is 64-68%; the equilibration time was 48 hours; the preset moisture value is 17% -18%.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkage rate of a tobacco sheet provided by the embodiment of the invention,
performing image analysis on the first image to obtain a first pixel area of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample in the first image comprises:
importing the first image into Photoshop software;
clicking the area where the preprocessed tobacco flake sample is located in the first image by using a magic rod tool in Photoshop software to determine the contour line of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample;
determining a first pixel area of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample by using an image-analysis-recording measuring tool in Photoshop software;
performing image analysis on the second image to obtain a second pixel area of the dried tobacco flake sample in the second image, comprising:
importing the second image into Photoshop software;
clicking the area of the dried tobacco flake sample in the second image by using a magic rod tool in Photoshop software to determine the contour line of the dried tobacco flake sample;
the second pixel area of the dried tobacco flake sample was determined using an image-analyze-record measurement tool in PhotoShop software.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkability of a tobacco sheet provided in the embodiment of the present invention, drying the pretreated tobacco sheet sample includes:
covering a mesh cover plate above the pretreated tobacco flake sample, and putting the tobacco flake sample into a drying oven with a set temperature for drying so as to reduce the moisture value of the pretreated tobacco flake sample to a preset range.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a smoking sheet wrinkle ratio provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the wrinkle ratio is a ratio of a difference between the first pixel area and the second pixel area to the first pixel area.
Optionally, in the method for detecting a shrinkability of a tobacco sheet provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the tobacco sheet samples is multiple, and the shrinkability is an average value of the shrinkability of each tobacco sheet sample.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following technical effects:
by respectively acquiring the image information of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying, determining the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake sample in the image before drying and the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake sample in the image after drying, and calculating the wrinkle ratio by utilizing the pixel areas in the images of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying, the method is simple, convenient and effective, and has high operability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a shrinkback rate of a tobacco sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, and are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
During the redrying and drying process of the tobacco flakes, the cells shrink due to high-temperature dehydration, so that the area of the tobacco flakes is reduced, namely the tobacco flakes shrink. Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a shrinkback rate of a tobacco sheet, comprising the following steps:
s1: the tobacco flake samples were pre-treated.
Specifically, in order to more conveniently acquire the image information of the smoked sheet and to conveniently calculate the wrinkle ratio of the whole smoked sheet, the smoked sheet can be firstly subjected to the processing of punching, sampling, flattening, moisture balance and the like.
S2: a first image of the pre-treated tobacco flake sample is collected.
S3: and drying the pretreated tobacco flake sample.
In particular, the tobacco sample may be dried in a baking oven.
S4: a second image of the dried tobacco flake sample is collected.
Specifically, in steps S2 and S4, the same camera may be used to capture image information of the pre-processed tobacco sample and the dried tobacco sample to avoid interference with the calculation results due to different cameras.
S5: and performing image analysis on the second image to obtain a second pixel area of the dried tobacco flake sample in the second image.
This step can be performed by using image processing software having a pixel area recognition function, such as PhotoShop and drawing software.
S6: and calculating the wrinkle ratio of the tobacco flake sample according to the first pixel area and the second pixel area.
According to the scheme, the image information of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying is respectively collected, the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake samples in the image before drying and the pixel area occupied by the tobacco flake samples in the image after drying are measured, and the wrinkle shrinkage rate is calculated by utilizing the pixel areas in the images of the tobacco flake samples before and after drying, so that the method is simple, convenient, effective and high in operability.
Illustratively, the first image and the second image are acquired using the same camera. And when the camera is used for collecting the first image and the second image, the placing positions of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample and the dried tobacco flake sample are the same, and the shooting position of the camera and the shooting parameters of the camera are kept unchanged. The same camera is adopted for image shooting, so that the interference of an external instrument on the acquisition effect caused by the structure or manufacturing difference of the camera can be avoided, and the accuracy of image acquisition is ensured. In the process of collecting the first image and the second image, the sample placement position, the camera parameters and the camera position are kept unchanged, so that the difference in the aspects of image brightness, image size and the like caused by the change of the shooting parameters or the shooting positions is prevented, and the consistency of image collection is further ensured.
For example, the shooting parameters of the camera may be set as follows:
sensitivity is 400, focus is 500, aperture is 5.6, illumination condition is filament lamp, exposure mode is selected AV (aperture priority automatic exposure), single point servo focus.
By the arrangement, the shot image can be clearer, and the subsequent image processing software can conveniently identify and process the shot image.
Illustratively, the pre-processing of the tobacco sample (i.e., step S1) includes the steps of:
selecting a plurality of points at equal intervals on the connecting lines of the leaf tips, the leaves and the leaf bases of the tobacco flake samples; respectively taking each point as a center, and acquiring a corresponding number of small samples of the tobacco flakes by using a puncher, wherein the small samples of the tobacco flakes are preprocessed tobacco flake samples.
Namely, a plurality of small samples of the tobacco flakes are selected along the connecting lines of the tips, leaves and leaf bases of the tobacco flake samples, the wrinkle ratios of the small samples of the tobacco flakes are respectively calculated in the subsequent steps, and the average value is obtained and used as the wrinkle ratio of the tobacco flake samples. By the operation, the influence of the change of the size or the area of the periphery of the tobacco flakes caused by the curling effect on the wrinkle ratio can be avoided, and the accuracy of calculating the wrinkle ratio is further ensured. Further, considering the size of the tobacco flakes and the reliability of the detection of the wrinkle ratio, the selection number of the tobacco flake samples can be set to 5, that is, 5 holes are drilled along the connecting lines of the leaf tips, the leaves and the leaf bases of the tobacco flake samples to obtain 5 tobacco flake samples. Specifically, the shape and size of the perforation may be set according to practical situations, such as a circle, a square, a triangle, and the like.
Further to, the pre-processing the tobacco sample (i.e., step S1) may further include:
flattening all tobacco flake samples obtained by punching; specifically, two flat wood boards can be selected for flattening the tobacco flake samples.
And (4) placing the flattened tobacco flake sample into a constant temperature and humidity box for balancing for a period of time so as to enable the moisture content of the tobacco flake sample to reach a preset moisture value. Specifically, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber can be set to 21-23 ℃, and the humidity can be set to 64-68%; the time of equilibration may be 48 hours; the preset moisture value can be 17% -18%.
Illustratively, the performing image analysis on the first image in step S5, and obtaining the first pixel area of the preprocessed tobacco sample in the first image includes:
importing the first image into Photoshop software;
clicking the area where the preprocessed tobacco flake sample is located in the first image by using a magic rod tool in Photoshop software to determine the contour line of the preprocessed tobacco flake sample;
determining a first pixel area a1 of the pre-treated tobacco flake sample using an image-analysis-recording measurement tool in PhotoShop software;
performing image analysis on the second image in step S5, and obtaining a second pixel area of the dried tobacco sample in the second image includes:
importing the second image into Photoshop software;
clicking the area of the dried tobacco flake sample in the second image by using a magic rod tool in Photoshop software to determine the contour line of the dried tobacco flake sample;
the second pixel area a2 of the dried tobacco flake sample was determined using an image-analysis-recording measurement tool in PhotoShop software.
Specifically, the acquired first image and the acquired second image can be imported into processing equipment such as a computer, a magic wand tool is selected in a toolbar by utilizing the image processing function of Photoshop software in the processing equipment, and a whole tobacco flake contour is sketched by clicking a tobacco flake area in the image so as to determine a tobacco flake edge line; the pixel areas of the patches (each pixel is marked as 1 by the imprint, how many pixels the patch area occupies in the image, and how much pixel area is), were then determined using an "image-analysis-record measurement" tool, and patch pixel areas a1, a2 in the first and second images were recorded in sequence, respectively.
Specifically, the wrinkle ratio is a ratio of a difference between the first pixel area and the second pixel area to the first pixel area, that is, a calculation formula of the wrinkle ratio Z is as follows:
illustratively, drying the pre-treated tobacco sample comprises:
covering a mesh cover plate above the pretreated tobacco flake sample, and putting the tobacco flake sample into a drying oven with a set temperature for drying so as to reduce the moisture value of the pretreated tobacco flake sample to a preset range.
Specifically, the tobacco flake samples with the images collected are sequentially placed on a tray, a mesh cover plate is covered above the tray, the tray is placed into an oven with a set temperature for drying for a certain time, the drying is finished when the moisture content of the tobacco flake samples is reduced to 8% -9%, the tray is taken out, the tobacco flake samples are placed into an image collecting box one by one when the temperature of the mesh cover plate is reduced to the normal temperature, and second images of the tobacco flake samples are obtained.
In the actual redrying process, the tobacco flakes can be bent such as folded, warped, turned over and the like, so that the area of the tobacco flakes after being baked is reduced sharply, and the measured shrinkage rate of the tobacco flakes is larger, but the shrinkage rate is more generated by the bent shrinkage of the tobacco flakes rather than the pure shrinkage of the tobacco flakes. In order to effectively measure the pure shrinkage of the tobacco flakes, the tobacco flakes are controlled not to be bent in the baking and drying process by selecting the mesh cover plate, so that the influence of the bending phenomenon on the measurement result is eliminated.
Illustratively, the number of the tobacco sheet samples is a plurality, and the shrinkage is an average value of the shrinkage of each tobacco sheet sample.
That is, 12 whole tobacco leaves can be selected as tobacco leaf samples respectively, the tobacco leaf samples are divided into 3 groups, 5 points are equidistantly taken along the leaf tip, the leaf and the leaf base of each tobacco leaf, and 5 small pieces are punched by a puncher with a certain shape and size. Thus there were 3 groups of tabelets, 20 tabelets in each group. The average value of the wrinkle ratios of the small samples of the plurality of sample wafers is selected as the final result of the wrinkle ratio, so that errors can be eliminated, and a more accurate result can be obtained.
As shown in Table 1, the applicant utilizes the above method to detect the shrinkage ratios of 33 kinds of tobacco leaves in total at 3 sites and 11 production places, and the results are shown in Table 5, wherein the shrinkage ratio is between 5.42% and 8.81%, the average shrinkage ratio is 7.06%, the relative standard deviation is between 0.64% and 12.74%, and the relative standard deviation of 32 kinds of tobacco leaves is less than 10%, further explaining that the repeatability of the determination method is better.
TABLE 133 measurement results of shrinkage ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves
Specifically, the method for detecting the wrinkle ratio provided by the invention mainly comprises four parts of sample preparation, image acquisition, image processing and wrinkle ratio calculation, and comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) sample preparation. Respectively selecting 12 complete tobacco leaves, dividing the tobacco leaves into 3 groups, taking 5 points at equal intervals along the leaf tips, the leaves and the leaf bases of each tobacco leaf, punching 5 small pieces by using a puncher with a certain shape and size, placing the small pieces between two flat wood boards to flatten the tobacco leaves, and placing the tobacco leaves into a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of (22 +/-1) DEG C and the relative humidity of (66 +/-2)% to balance for 48 hours so as to ensure that the initial water content of the tobacco leaves reaches 17% -18%.
(2) And (5) image acquisition. Placing the balanced tobacco flakes into an image acquisition box one by one, and vertically taking a picture from top to bottom by using a digital camera to obtain a pre-drying image (namely a first image); the image acquisition method comprises the steps of sequentially placing tobacco flakes after image acquisition on a tray, covering a mesh cover plate above the tobacco flakes, placing the tobacco flakes in an oven with a set temperature for drying for a certain time, finishing drying when the moisture content of the tobacco flakes is reduced to 8% -9%, taking out the tray, and placing the tobacco flakes into an image acquisition box one by one when the temperature of the mesh cover plate is reduced to normal temperature to obtain a dried image (namely a second image). The position of the camera is always kept unchanged in the test process, and the camera parameters are set as follows: sensitivity 400, focusing 500, aperture 5.6, incandescent lamp as lighting condition, AV (aperture priority automatic exposure) as exposure mode selection, single point servo focusing.
(3) And (5) processing the image. And (3) importing the acquired tobacco flake image into a computer, selecting a magic bar tool in a toolbar by utilizing an image processing function of Photoshop software, clicking a tobacco flake area to outline a complete tobacco flake profile, determining a tobacco flake edge line, determining a pixel area of the tobacco flake by using an image-analysis-record measurement tool, and respectively and sequentially recording pixel areas A1 and A2 of the image before and after drying.
(4) And calculating the wrinkle ratio. The wrinkle ratio of each small piece is calculated according to the following formula according to the pixel areas of the tobacco flakes before and after drying measured by image processing software. And taking the average value of the shrinkage ratios of 20 small pieces of 4 tobacco leaves as the shrinkage ratio of one measurement, and taking the average value of 3 measurements as the final measurement result.
Wherein Z represents a wrinkle ratio (%); a1 denotes the area of the tobacco lamina pixels before baking; a2 denotes the pixel area of the smoked tobacco.
The invention simulates the drying process of the tobacco flakes and utilizes the change of the area of the tobacco flakes before and after drying to represent the shrinkage rate; in order to reduce errors in manual measurement of the area of the tobacco leaves, the digital camera is used for obtaining images of tobacco flakes before and after drying, the areas of the tobacco flakes are analyzed and calculated by using Photoshop software, the calculation process is simple and convenient, and the reliability is high.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof, and that no limitation of the invention is intended thereby. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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| CN115372373A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-22 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for rapidly determining appearance form of fruits and vegetables in drying process based on image analysis technology |
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