CN113303258A - Method for intercropping siganus oramin in shellfish culture pond - Google Patents
Method for intercropping siganus oramin in shellfish culture pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN113303258A CN113303258A CN202110523380.7A CN202110523380A CN113303258A CN 113303258 A CN113303258 A CN 113303258A CN 202110523380 A CN202110523380 A CN 202110523380A CN 113303258 A CN113303258 A CN 113303258A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在贝类养殖池套养篮子鱼的方法，包括以下步骤：在贝类养殖池中套养篮子鱼，所述贝类为文蛤、缢蛏、太平洋牡蛎中的一种；本发明提供的在贝类养殖池套养篮子鱼的方法，发现连续三年有浒苔爆发生长的贝类养殖池在投放篮子鱼后未再发生浒苔的爆发式生长，而没有套养篮子鱼的贝类养殖池中浒苔爆发式生长，影响贝类生长和减少经济、生态效益。The invention discloses a method for cultivating basket fish in a shellfish culturing pond, comprising the following steps: cultivating a basket fish in a shellfish cultivating pond, the shellfish is one of clams, constricted clams and Pacific oysters; The invention provides a method for raising basket fish in a shellfish culture pond. It is found that the shellfish culture pond that has explosive growth of prolifera for three consecutive years does not have the explosive growth of prolifera after the basket fish is placed, and the basket fish does not grow. The explosive growth of E. enterica in the shellfish breeding ponds affects the growth of shellfish and reduces economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of shellfish ecology, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond.
Background
Enteromorpha is a large benthic alga. The excessively grown enteromorpha can hinder the ingestion, the activity and the like of the shellfish in the shellfish culture pond, so that the shellfish can be trapped and die; in addition, the excessively grown enteromorpha consumes a large amount of dissolved oxygen and nutrient salt in the culture water body, snacks nutrients in water, reduces the number of phytoplankton in the culture water body, makes the pool water clear and thin and is difficult to fertilize; in addition, a large amount of enteromorpha is dead and deposited on the water bottom, so that the enteromorpha is easy to go bad, turn black and go bad, toxic and harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and the like generated by the enteromorpha deteriorate the water quality, and damage is caused to the shellfish in the culture pond again. The yield and the quality of the shellfish are reduced under the influence of the overgrowth of the enteromorpha.
The siganus guttatus is phytophagous fish, particularly algae such as enteromorpha in water body which is favored to be ingested.
In view of this, there is a need to develop a method for controlling enteromorpha and obtaining shellfish with high quality and high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond, which can prevent the excessive growth of enteromorpha and simultaneously improve the quality and the yield of shellfish.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond, which comprises the following steps:
intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond, wherein the shellfish is one of clams, sinonovacula constricta and pacific oysters;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the clam culture pond comprises the following steps:
putting clams (the time is about 4 months), the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the seedling specification is preferably that the shells are 10-100mm long, the playing density is preferably 400 kg per 667 square meters, and the seeding is even; the specifications of intercropping siganus (the time is about 6 months) are 20-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, the density is 300 plus 500 fish intercropping per 667 square meters, the specifications of the intercropping siganus with excessively long enteromorpha and large occupied area are large and the number is large according to the growth condition of the enteromorpha in the culture pond and the occupied area of the bottom of the pond, otherwise, the specifications are small and small;
between 7 months and 8 months, the water temperature is increased to continuously deepen the water level, the water level is increased to 1.5m when the temperature exceeds 29 ℃, fresh water is added in the early morning every day to enable the water depth to reach 300-plus-500 mm, bait of the siganus is not required to be thrown, the siganus eats enteromorpha to grow high-quality protein, the clams filter algae in the water body, the siganus eats enteromorpha, and feeding is not required in the culture process;
lowering the water temperature to 17 deg.C, starting to pull the net to capture siganus, and capturing clam in spring of the third year;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the sinonovacula constricta culture pond comprises the following steps:
the sinonovacula constricta seedling placing time is 4 months and 1 day, the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the sinonovacula constricta seedling placing specification is 3000 grains per kilogram, about one week before seeding, fresh water is filtered by a 60-80-mesh silk net, the water level is 200-300mm, 50kg of chicken manure is added per 667 square meters, and basic bait organisms in a breeding pond are bred; the specifications of intercropping siganus (the time is about 6 months) are 50-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, the density is 200-400 pieces of intercropping per 667 square meters, the specifications of the intercropping siganus with excessively long enteromorpha and large occupied area are large and the number is large according to the growth condition of the enteromorpha in the culture pond and the occupied area of the bottom of the pond, otherwise, the specifications are small and small;
the water temperature is rapidly reduced to 17 ℃, and the tragus is caught by pulling the net; fishing the Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck in the Sinonovacula constricta pond for intercropping siganidae within 5-6 months in the next year;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the pacific oyster culture pond comprises the following steps:
the pacific oyster is suitable for the temperature range of 5-30 ℃, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.005-1.025, the culture area must be a water fertilizing area, the water transparency is lower than 150mm, and plankton propagation is facilitated, so that rich bait organisms required by oyster growth are ensured;
the specifications of intercropping siganus are 60-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, the density is 300-600 pieces per 667 square meters of intercropping siganus, the specifications of the released siganus are large and the number is large according to the growth condition of the enteromorpha in the culture pond and the occupied area of the bottom of the pond, and otherwise, the sizes are small and small;
feeding of oysters and siganus is not needed in the culture process;
and (4) lowering the water temperature to 17 ℃, pulling the net to catch the siganus oramin, and catching the pacific oysters.
The area of the clam culture pond is (1-30) multiplied by 667 square meters, the pond depth is 1.5-2.0m, the periphery is provided with a circular ditch, the sand content is 50 percent, and the clam culture pond is convenient to feed and discharge; before the clams are put in, the pond is turned over 200-fold sand for 300mm, the clams are crushed and raked after being disinfected, 150kg of quicklime is used for each 667 square meters of the pond for cleaning and disinfection, the clams can be put in after the pond is disinfected for one week, 60-80 mesh bolting silk is used for filtering when water enters to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water depth is 200-fold sand for 300mm, chicken manure, cow manure, human manure or inorganic fertilizer is applied after the water enters, the base fertilizer is applied for one-time sufficient dressing, and 50kg of the chicken manure, the cow manure, the human manure or the inorganic fertilizer is applied for each 667 square meters.
The area of the sinonovacula constricta culture pond is (30-60) multiplied by 667 square meters, the effective water depth is 1.5-2.0m, the specific gravity of seawater is 1.010-1.025, the water temperature is 3-32 ℃, the pH value is 8.01-8.15, circular ditches are arranged around the pond, the bottom of sludge is soft, the water level of the sinonovacula constricta is 0.8-1.2m, the lowest level is 0.4-0.6m, the pond is in a long strip shape, and a raised beach surface is arranged in the center of the pond.
The pond is disinfected by 60ppm of bleaching powder 15 days before the sinonovacula constricta is put in seedlings, water is drained 3-5 days, and then 20ppm of tea seed cakes are used for killing wild trash fish, snails and crabs, and the natural enemies can swallow the seedlings.
The pacific oyster cultivation pond is mainly characterized in that a relatively flat mud flat is selected, the bottom is preferably silt, a shed frame and a floating raft are conveniently arranged, wood piles or cement piles are erected on the sea floor, bamboo and wood are used for forming the shed frame, the direction of the shed frame and the flow direction of tide water form an angle of 40-50 degrees, the distance between a horizontal frame and a vertical frame is 500mm, and the hanging distance of an attachment is 400 mm; the position of an inner bay or an enclosure area injected with a proper amount of fresh water is ideal; the tidal current requirement of the culture area is smooth, the seawater is easy to exchange, and no industrial and agricultural pollution is caused.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the method for controlling the enteromorpha by intercropping the siganus oramin in the shellfish culture pond, provided by the invention, the fact that the explosive growth of the enteromorpha does not occur in the shellfish culture pond with the outbreak growth of the enteromorpha for three years continuously is found, and the explosive growth of the enteromorpha does not occur in the shellfish culture pond without intercropping the siganus, so that the growth of the shellfish is influenced, and the economic and ecological benefits are reduced.
The method provided by the invention utilizes the characteristic that the siganus grabs the enteromorpha and the organic broken chips formed by excrements of the siganus grabs are the best baits for the shellfish, prevents the excessive growth of the enteromorpha in the shellfish culture pond, achieves the purposes of regulating and controlling the water quality and improving the energy utilization efficiency, and realizes ecological culture.
The method for intercropping siganus oramin in the shellfish culture pond can effectively control the growth of enteromorpha, provides good living environment for shellfish and siganus, can obtain a large amount of siganus during fishing, and obtains good economic value and ecological value.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
And on 1 st 6 months in 2018, intercropping siganus oramin in Jiangsu east clam culture ponds for preventing and controlling enteromorpha, and selecting two next clam culture ponds with a partition wall, namely intercropping siganus guttatus and contrasting not intercropping siganus guttatus. The clam culture pond has the area of 10 multiplied by 667 square meters, the depth of the pond is 1.5-2.0m, the periphery is provided with a circular ditch, the sand content is 50%, and the feeding and discharging are convenient. Before the clams are put in, the pond is turned over 200-300mm in height, the clams are disinfected by quicklime, 150kg of quicklime is used for each 667 square meters, then the clams are crushed and raked, the clams can be put in after the pond is cleared for disinfection for one week, 60-80 mesh bolting silk is used for filtering when water enters to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water depth is 200-300mm, the chicken manure is applied after 500mm of water enters, and 50kg of the chicken manure is applied for each 667 square meters.
The water for cultivating the hard clam is seawater, the water quality is controlled to be more than 6mg/l of dissolved oxygen, less than 1.0mg/l of ammonia nitrogen and less than 0.005mg/l of substrate sludge hydrogen sulfide, and the water changing and oxygen increasing control is carried out.
The clam feeding time is about 4 months (clam feeding in 4 months, siganus guttatus are fed in 6 months), the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the seed feeding specification is preferably that the shell length is 25-30mm, the playing density is preferably 400 kg per 667 square meters, and the seeding force is uniform. The size of the intercropping siganus is 30-80mm, the water temperature for fish placement is above 17 ℃, and the density is 350 fish intercropping per 667 square meters.
And between 7 months and 8 months, the water temperature is increased to continuously deepen the water level, the water level is increased to 1.5m when the water temperature exceeds 29 ℃, fresh water is added in the early morning every day to enable the water depth to reach 300-500mm, the bait of the siganus is not required to be thrown, the siganus eats enteromorpha to grow high-quality protein, the clams filter algae in the water body, the siganus eats enteromorpha, and the culture process does not need to be fed.
And after the water temperature is reduced to 17 ℃, the net is pulled to catch the siganus, the body weight of the siganus is increased to 159.2 +/-22.1 g from 5.6 +/-1.2 g before stocking, the body length is increased to 165.8 +/-15.8 mm from 63 +/-11.4 mm before stocking, the body weight of the siganus in the intercropping siganus pool is 35 per kilogram (110 per kilogram before stocking), the pond meretrix without intercropping siganus is caught in spring in the third year, and 42 per kilogram (110 per kilogram before stocking) shows that the intercropping siganus pool shellfish grows fast and is heavy. The intercropping siganus oramin pond has excellent water quality, the enteromorpha is controlled, dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/l, ammonia nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/l, bottom sediment hydrogen sulfide is less than 0.005mg/l, the water quality is thin due to the excessive growth of the enteromorpha in an intercropping siganus pond, no bait clam grows slowly, meanwhile, the enteromorpha dies and sinks to the bottom due to high temperature in 7-8 months, the survival of the clam is seriously influenced, a large amount of toxic hydrogen sulfide is generated after rotting, the clam is poisoned, and the survival rate of the clam is reduced. The survival rate of shellfish in the intercropping siganus oramin pond is 72.3 percent, the survival rate of clams in the intercropping siganus min pond is 88.5 percent, the survival rate of clams in the pond without intercropping siganus min is 74.8 percent, and the clams grow slowly.
In the clam pond for intercropping siganus oramin, the survival rate of the sigoramin is 88.5 percent, and the survival rate of the sigoramin is 85.2 percent. In the clam pond without intercropping siganus oramin, the survival rate of the clams is 74.8%. In the clam pond for intercropping siganus oramin, siganus guttatus is harvested in the same year, 44.6kg of harvested siganus guttatus is harvested every 667 square meters, the value is 2052 yuan per 667 square meters according to 23 yuan per kg, and the intercropping siganus guttatus in the clam culture pond has both economic value and ecological value and has a win-win effect.
Example 2
And in 14 days 6 months in 2020, intercropping siganus oramin in a Jiangsu east clam culture pond to prevent and control enteromorpha, selecting two next clam culture ponds with a partition wall, intercropping siganus, and contrasting intercropping siganus, wherein the first pond is a pond without intercropping siganus, and the second pond is a pond without intercropping siganus, and the third pond is a pond without intercropping enteromorpha. The clam culture pond has the area of 5 multiplied by 667 square meters, the depth of the pond is 1.5-2.0m, the periphery is provided with a circular ditch, the sand content is 50%, and the feeding and discharging are convenient. Before the clams are put in, the pond is turned over 200-300mm in height, the clams are disinfected by quicklime, 150kg of quicklime is used for each 667 square meters, then the clams are crushed and raked, the clams can be put in after the pond is cleared for disinfection for one week, 60-80 mesh bolting silk is used for filtering when water enters to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water depth is 200-300mm, the chicken manure is applied after 500mm of water enters, and 50kg of the chicken manure is applied for each 667 square meters.
The clam feeding time is about 4 months, the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the clam seeds with the seed specification of 140/kg-200/kg are fed, and the playing density is 400 kg per 667 square meters. The size of the intercropping siganus oramin (put in 6 months) is 25-100mm, the water temperature of the intercropping siganus oramin is above 17 ℃, the water depth is 500mm, and the density is 300 intercropping heads per 667 square meters.
And between 7 months and 8 months, continuously adding fresh water when the water temperature rises, raising the water level to 1.5m when the temperature exceeds 29 ℃, and adding the fresh water in the early morning every day to enable the water depth to reach 300-500 mm. The clams filter algae in the water body, the siganus are eaten by the enteromorpha, and feeding is not needed in the culture process.
After 11 months and 25 days, the water temperature is reduced to 17 ℃, the net is pulled to catch the siganus, the water quality of the intercropping siganus pond is good, and COD, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are obviously reduced.
In the clam pond for intercropping siganus oramin, the survival rate of the sigoramin is 90.2 percent, and the survival rate of the sigoramin is 75.6 percent. In the clam pond without intercropping siganus oramin, the survival rate of the clams is 70.8%. In the clam pond for intercropping siganus oramin, siganus guttatus is harvested in the current year, the weight of the harvested siganus guttatus is increased to 169.6 +/-25.7 g from 7.6 +/-1.7 g before stocking, the body length of the harvested siganus guttatus is increased to 175.8 +/-21.8 mm from 82 +/-11.2 mm before stocking, the value is 1962 yuan per 667 square meters according to 44 yuan per kilogram, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of intercropping siganus guttatus in the clam culture pond are both high and high. Harvesting clams in the clam pond for intercropping siganus oramin in the third year, wherein the number of clams in the clam pond is 30 per kilogram (123 per kilogram before stocking), the clams grow slowly, the clams in the third year are harvested, and the clams in the clam pond without intercropping siganus min in the third year are harvested and harvested, and the number of clams in the clam pond is 45 per kilogram (123 per kilogram before stocking).
The above shows that the shellfish in the intercropping siganus pond grows fast and is heavy. The intercropping siganus oramin pond has excellent water quality, the enteromorpha is controlled, and the intercropping siganus pond without the intercropping siganus pond has the advantages of overgrowth of the enteromorpha, clear and thin water quality and slow growth of the bait-free clams. Meanwhile, due to high temperature in 7-8 months, a large amount of enteromorpha prolifera dies and sinks, survival of the clams is seriously influenced, a large amount of toxic hydrogen sulfide is generated after the clams are rotted, the clams are poisoned, and the survival rate of the clams is reduced.
Example 3
In 2019, 7 and 2 months, siganids were intercropped in sinonovacula constricta aquaculture ponds in Nippon in Zhejiang, and two sinonovacula constricta aquaculture ponds on the partition wall were selected, one intercropped siganids and one control intercropped siganids. The area of the sinonovacula constricta breeding pond is 50 multiplied by 667 square meters, the effective water depth is 1.5-2.0m, the specific gravity of seawater is 1.010-1.025, the periphery is provided with a circular groove, the bottom of sludge is soft, the water level of the sinonovacula constricta is 0.8-1.2m, the lowest is 0.4-0.6m, the pond is in a long strip shape, and the center of the pond is provided with a raised beach surface.
The pond is disinfected by 60ppm of bleaching powder 15 days before the sinonovacula constricta is put in seedlings, water is drained 3-5 days, and then 20ppm of tea seed cakes are used for killing wild trash fish, snails and crabs, and the natural enemies can swallow the seedlings. The time for putting the sinonovacula constricta seedlings is 4 months and 1 day, 3000 particles are put in each kilogram of sinonovacula constricta seedlings, fresh water is filtered by a 60-80-mesh silk net about one week before the seeding, the water level is 200-300mm, 50kg of chicken manure is put in each 667 square meters, and basic bait organisms are put in a breeding pond.
The size of the intercropping siganus oramin is 50-100mm, the water temperature for fish feeding is above 17 ℃, the density is 400 intercropping spatulas per 667 square meters, and the sinonovacula constricta and siganus are not required to be fed in the breeding process.
The water depth before the fish and the sinonovacula constricta is 200-300mm, and the water depth is controlled to be 500mm when the fish and the sinonovacula constricta are put; the temperature of water is preferably controlled at 10-15 deg.C when the Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck is administered, and the temperature is controlled at 12-18 deg.C after administration.
And in 11 months and 12 days, the water temperature is rapidly reduced to 17 ℃, and the net is pulled to catch the siganus guttatus. The sinonovacula constricta pond for intercropping siganids has good water quality, the survival rate of the sinonovacula constricta is 91.3 percent, and the survival rate of the siganids is 80.0 percent. In the sinonovacula constricta pond without intercropping siganus, the survival rate of the sinonovacula constricta is 82.9 percent, the sinonovacula constricta grows slowly, and the weight of the sinonovacula constricta increases by 4 to 7 times in the current year. In the sinonovacula constricta pond for intercropping siganids, the siganids are harvested in the same year, 40.0kg of the harvested siganids are harvested every 667 square meters, the yield is 880 yuan per 44 yuan per kg and the value is produced every 667 square meters, and the siganids are intercropped in the sinonovacula constricta culture pond by adopting biological prevention and control of enteromorpha at one time. Fishing 50 Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck (3000 capsules per kilogram before stocking) in the Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck pond for intercropping siganus Lamarck in the next year for 5-6 months; the Sinonovacula constricta pond without intercropping siganus is harvested 5-6 months in the next year, and 75 per kg (3000 per kg before stocking).
The above shows that the shellfish in the intercropping siganus pond grows fast and is heavy. The intercropping siganus oramin pond has excellent water quality, the enteromorpha is controlled, and the intercropping siganus oramin pond without the bait has slow growth because the enteromorpha grows excessively, the water quality is thin and thin. Meanwhile, due to high temperature in 7-8 months, a large amount of enteromorpha prolifera dies and sinks, the survival of the sinonovacula constricta is seriously influenced, a large amount of toxic hydrogen sulfide is generated after the sinonovacula constricta is rotted, the sinonovacula constricta is poisoned, and the survival rate of the sinonovacula constricta is reduced.
Example 4
In 2018, 6 and 2 days, siganus oramin is intercropped in a pacific oyster cultivation area in east of Jiangsu, the pacific oyster cultivation mainly selects a relatively flat mudflat, the bottom is made of silt, arrangement of a shed frame and a floating raft is facilitated, a wood pile or a cement pile is erected on the sea bottom, bamboo and wood are used for forming the shed frame, the direction of the shed frame and the flow direction of tidal water form an angle of 40-50 degrees, the distance between a transverse frame and a vertical frame is 500mm, and the hanging distance of an attachment is 400 mm. The location of the gulf or the reclamation area into which a suitable amount of fresh water is injected is desirable. The tidal current requirement of the culture area is smooth, the seawater is easy to exchange, and no industrial and agricultural pollution is caused. The pacific oyster is suitable for 5-30 deg.c, sea water specific weight of about 1.005-1.025, and the culture area must be a water fertilizing area with water transparency lower than 150mm for plankton propagation and ensuring rich bait organism for oyster growth.
The size of the intercropping siganus is 60-100mm, the water temperature for fish placement is above 17 ℃, the density is 600 intercropping per 667 square meters, and the oyster and siganus do not need to be fed in the process of breeding. Catching siganus oramin when the water temperature is reduced to 17 ℃ in 11 months of the year.
In 2017 and 2019, no siganus oramin is intercropped in the pacific oyster cultivation area in the same place, the excessive growth of enteromorpha appears in the pacific oyster cultivation area, and in 2018, the excessive growth of enteromorpha does not appear in the intercropped siganus min in the pacific oyster cultivation area, so that the enteromorpha is effectively controlled, and meanwhile, the fishery harvest for cultivating the mudflat is increased.
The above shows that the intercropping siganus and shellfish grow fast and are heavy. The intercropping siganus oramin has good water quality, the enteromorpha is controlled, and the intercropping siganus has no slow growth of bait oysters because the enteromorpha grows excessively, the water quality is thin and thin. Meanwhile, due to high temperature in 7-8 months, a large amount of enteromorpha prolifera dies and sinks, the survival of the oysters is seriously influenced, a large amount of toxic hydrogen sulfide is generated after the oysters are rotten, the oysters are poisoned, and the survival rate of the oysters is reduced.
3500kg of pacific oysters are harvested in the pacific oyster culture area after intercropping of pacific oysters in 2018, 2100kg of pacific oysters are harvested in the pacific oyster culture area in the same place in 2017 and 2019.
From the examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that after the siganus guttatus is intercropped in the clam culture pond, the sinonovacula constricta culture pond and the oyster culture zone, the explosive growth of the enteromorpha guttatus is effectively controlled, the water quality is improved, the shellfish growth is good, the siganus guttatus produces high-quality protein on the premise of not increasing the culture cost, and the economic and ecological benefits are increased.
The method provided by the invention utilizes the characteristic that the siganus grabs the enteromorpha and the organic broken chips formed by excrements of the siganus grabs are the best baits for the shellfish, prevents the excessive growth of the enteromorpha in the shellfish culture pond, achieves the purposes of regulating and controlling the water quality and improving the energy utilization efficiency, and realizes ecological culture.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond, wherein the shellfish is one of clams, sinonovacula constricta and pacific oysters;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the clam culture pond comprises the following steps:
putting clams in the water at 10-15 ℃, ensuring that the length of shells is 10-100mm, ensuring that the playing density is 400 kg per 667 square meters, and ensuring that the seedlings are sowed uniformly; the specification of the intercropping siganus is 20-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, and the density is 300 pieces per 667 square meters for intercropping and 500 pieces;
when the water temperature rises to be higher than 29 ℃, the water level is increased to 1.5m, new water is added in the early morning every day to ensure that the water depth reaches 300-500mm, and feeding is not needed in the culture process;
lowering the water temperature to 17 deg.C, starting to pull the net to capture siganus, and capturing clam in spring of the third year;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the sinonovacula constricta culture pond comprises the following steps:
the water temperature of the Sinonovacula constricta seedlings is 10-15 ℃, the Sinonovacula constricta seedlings are placed at 3000 granules per kilogram in specification, about one week before the seeding, the new water is filtered by a 60-80-mesh silk net, the water level is 200 plus 300mm, 50kg of chicken manure is added per 667 square meters, and basic bait organisms are fed into a breeding pond; the specifications of intercropping siganus are 50-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, and the density is 200 and 400 fish per 667 square meters;
the water temperature is rapidly reduced to 17 ℃, and the tragus is caught by pulling the net; fishing the Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck in the Sinonovacula constricta pond for intercropping siganidae within 5-6 months in the next year;
the method for intercropping siganus oramin in the pacific oyster culture pond comprises the following steps:
the pacific oyster is suitable for the temperature range of 5-30 ℃, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.005-1.025, the culture area must be a water fertilizing area, and the water transparency is lower than 150 mm;
the specifications of intercropping siganus are 60-100mm, the temperature of fish placing water is above 17 ℃, and the density is 300 and 600 fish in each 667 square meters;
feeding of oysters and siganus is not needed in the culture process;
and (4) lowering the water temperature to 17 ℃, pulling the net to catch the siganus oramin, and catching the pacific oysters.
2. The method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the clam culture pond is (1-30) x 667 square meters, the pond depth is 1.5-2.0m, the periphery is provided with circular ditches, the sand content is 50%, and the operation and the discharge are convenient; before the clams are put in, the pond is turned over 200-fold sand for 300mm, the clams are crushed and raked after being disinfected, 150kg of quicklime is used for each 667 square meters of the pond for cleaning and disinfection, the clams can be put in after the pond is disinfected for one week, 60-80 mesh bolting silk is used for filtering when water enters to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond, the water depth is 200-fold sand for 300mm, chicken manure, cow manure, human manure or inorganic fertilizer is applied after the water enters, the base fertilizer is applied for one-time sufficient dressing, and 50kg of the chicken manure, the cow manure, the human manure or the inorganic fertilizer is applied for each 667 square meters.
3. The method for intercropping siganus oramin in a shellfish culture pond as recited in claim 1, wherein the sinonovacula constricta culture pond has an area of (30-60) × 667 square meters, an effective water depth of 1.5-2.0m, a seawater specific gravity of 1.010-1.025, a water temperature of 3-32 ℃, a pH value of 8.01-8.15, a circular trench around the pond, a soft mud bottom, a razor clam water level of 0.8-1.2m, a minimum of 0.4-0.6m, a long strip shape of the pond, and a raised beach surface in the center of the pond.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pond is sterilized with 60ppm bleaching powder 15 days before the Sinonovacula constricta is largened, water is drained 3-5 days, and 20ppm tea seed cake is used to kill trash fish, snail and crab, which will eat the largeness.
5. The method for intercropping siganus oramin shellfish in a shellfish culture pond as recited in claim 1, wherein the pacific oyster culture pond is mainly selected from relatively flat mudflat, the bottom is preferably silt, the arrangement of shed frames and floating rafts is convenient, wood piles or cement piles are erected on the sea bottom, bamboo and wood are used for forming the shed frames, the direction of the shed frames forms an angle of 40-50 degrees with the flow direction of tidal water, the distance between horizontal frames or vertical frames is 500mm, and the hanging distance of the attachment is 400 mm; the position of an inner bay or an enclosure area injected with a proper amount of fresh water is ideal; the tidal current requirement of the culture area is smooth, the seawater is easy to exchange, and no industrial and agricultural pollution is caused.
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