Large dynamic range spectral transmittance measuring device and calibration and measurement method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectrum measurement, in particular to a large dynamic range spectrum transmissivity measuring device and a calibrating and measuring method thereof.
Background
Spectral transmittance is an important parameter for measuring spectral characteristics of light sources and substances, and is one of the most fundamental matters in spectroscopy and spectroscopic techniques. The method is widely used in the fields of light source color rendering index detection, screen detection, optical element detection, aerospace remote sensing, chemical component analysis, environment detection, food safety detection, material analysis, clinical examination and the like.
A spectrometer is an instrument that breaks down light of multiple colors into spectral lines and performs measurements. The traditional spectrometer converts incident light into an object image of an imaging system of the spectrometer through a slit, and finally obtains light intensity of each wavelength on a detector through a collimating element, a dispersing element and a focusing element so as to obtain spectrum information. The traditional point source detection spectrometer can not finish the measurement of the whole spectrum at the same time, and has low measurement efficiency; the device adopts a CCD imaging element to acquire spectrum information, the background light can have larger influence on spectrum acquisition, and the device has the problems of poor denoising effect and low detection sensitivity.
The traditional spectrometer has certain limitations in the fields of high efficiency, large dynamic range and strong background noise resistance, such as detection of large-volume optical elements, rapid analysis of spectrum information of unknown materials, detection of spectrum uniformity of a luminescent light source and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measuring device and a calibration and measurement method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of low dynamic range, weak background light interference resistance and narrow application range of the traditional spectrometer.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measurement device, characterized in that: the optical fiber laser comprises a light source, a beam shaping device, a chopper, a calibration wheel disc, a dispersion element and a photoelectric detection assembly which are sequentially arranged along the direction of an optical axis, wherein the photoelectric detection assembly is connected with a main control unit, and the main control unit is further connected with the calibration wheel disc.
Further, the photoelectric detection assembly consists of a photoelectric detection array, an amplifying circuit, a synchronous data acquisition unit and a motion assembly, wherein the photoelectric detection array, the amplifying circuit and the synchronous data acquisition unit are sequentially connected, and the motion assembly is arranged below the photoelectric detection array to enable the motion assembly to move; the motion assembly and the synchronous data acquisition unit are respectively connected with the main control unit, and the chopper is connected with the synchronous data acquisition unit.
Further, the dispersive element is a dispersive prism or grating.
Further, the array surface of the photoelectric detection array is arc-shaped.
Further, the light source is a white light source or a composite light source.
A calibration and measurement method of a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measurement device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) The light source outputs a stable-power light signal, the stable-power light signal is subjected to beam expansion and collimation through the beam shaping device, modulated by the chopper and irradiated to the center of a calibration piece of the calibration wheel disc;
2) After the emergent light signals pass through the dispersion element, the generated spectrum signals are converted into electric signals by the photoelectric detection array, the electric signals are amplified by the amplifying circuit, and the electric signals are synchronously acquired by the synchronous data acquisition unit and then sent to the main control unit for carrying out relevant detection denoising treatment on each path of signals, and corresponding voltages are stored;
3) The motion assembly displaces the photoelectric detection array, the displacement is the interval of the photosensitive surfaces, the main control unit drives the calibration wheel disc to rotate, and the step 2) is repeated to finish the sectional calibration of the system;
4) Placing a sample to be measured between a calibration wheel disc and a dispersion element, converting the calibration wheel disc into a hole site without an attenuation sheet, converting a generated spectrum signal into an electric signal by a photoelectric detection array, amplifying the electric signal by an amplifying circuit, sending the electric signal to a synchronous data acquisition unit, simultaneously sending a light intensity modulation frequency reference signal of a chopper to the synchronous data acquisition unit, synchronously acquiring the electric signal, sending the electric signal to a main control unit, carrying out relevant detection denoising treatment on multiple paths of signals, carrying out ratio operation on the signal operated by the amplifying circuit and the calibration data stored before, obtaining spectrum transmittance information of the sample to be measured, and carrying out measurement treatment after attenuating incident light by adjusting the amplification ratio of a pre-amplifying circuit and matching with the rotary wheel disc if the measurement data is saturated;
5) After the photoelectric detection array is shifted by the motion assembly, processing acquired data;
6) The main control unit processes the data acquired in the steps 4) and 5), and outputs a spectrum curve of the sample to be detected through the display module.
And 2) synchronously acquiring signals of the multiple paths of photoelectric detectors, simultaneously transmitting a light intensity modulation frequency reference signal of the chopper to a synchronous data acquisition unit, and transmitting the synchronous acquisition signal to a main control unit for relevant detection denoising treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The invention synchronously collects the signals and the reference signals of the multipath photoelectric detector, carries out correlation detection denoising operation on the signals and the reference signals, eliminates the noise of background light and circuits, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement signals and also improves the measurement efficiency and the measurement precision of the system;
2. The invention uses the ratio measurement method and performs the sectional calibration to the measurement range, thereby not only increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in a large dynamic range, but also eliminating the noise of background light and a circuit, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the calibration signal, the measurement efficiency and the measurement precision of the system;
3. According to the invention, the photoelectric detection array is moved through the movement assembly, and the problem of spectrum resolution reduction caused by the interval of the photosensitive surfaces is compensated by controlling the displacement of the photoelectric detection assembly, so that the spectrum resolution of the device is improved;
4. the device is controlled by the main control unit, the calibration process and the measurement process are both automatically carried out, the measurement error caused by adjusting the positions of the light source and each optical element is avoided, and the measurement precision of the system is improved;
5. the detection method is feasible, simple and convenient to operate, has strong capability of resisting background light interference, does not need to be carried out in a dark field environment in the measuring and calibrating process, and expands the application scene of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a calibration of a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measurement device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measurement device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a calibration wheel;
the reference numerals are: 1-a light source; 2-a beam shaping device; a 3-chopper; 4-calibrating a disc; a 5-dispersion element; 6-a photodetection array; 7-an amplifying circuit; 8-a synchronous data acquisition unit; 9-a main control unit; 10-a motion assembly; 11-sample to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the photoelectric detection array is used for collecting the spectrum information and is matched with the pre-amplifying circuit, the motion assembly and the related detection denoising processing, so that the photoelectric detection array has strong background light interference resistance, synchronous collection of signals can be realized, and the related detection processing of multiple paths of signals can be realized by using software, so that the accurate and efficient acquisition of the spectrum information with high signal to noise ratio, high resolution and weak spectrum information is realized.
The embodiment provides a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measuring device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a light source 1, a beam shaping device 2, a chopper 3, a calibration wheel disc 4, a dispersion element 5, a photoelectric detection array 6, an amplifying circuit 7 with adjustable amplification factor and a synchronous data acquisition unit 8, wherein the light source 1, the beam shaping device 2, the chopper 3, the calibration wheel disc 4, the dispersion element 5, the photoelectric detection array 6 and the synchronous data acquisition unit 8 are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction, and a movement assembly 10 is arranged below the photoelectric detection array 6 to move; the motion assembly 10 and the synchronous data acquisition unit 8 are respectively connected with the main control unit 9, and the chopper 3 is connected with the synchronous data acquisition unit 8. The main control unit 9 is also connected with the calibration wheel disc 4.
The damping sheets with different damping multiples are arranged on the calibration wheel disc 4 and can be used as the calibration sheet or the damping sheet
The dispersion element can select a dispersion prism or a grating according to actual measurement requirements;
the motion component is a device which can push the photoelectric detection array 6 to carry out fine displacement movement, such as a piezoelectric ceramic displacement controller;
The light source 1 is a white light source or a composite light source.
Each photodiode of the detector array is mounted along an arc surface.
In use of the invention, the sample 11 to be measured is placed between the calibration wheel 4 and the dispersive element 5 during the measurement phase, as shown in figure 2.
The photoelectric detection array 6 is arranged on the motion assembly 10, and can be finely displaced, so that the problem of reduced spectral resolution of the device caused by the interval between photosensitive surfaces is compensated; the detector array is arranged along the cambered surface (namely, the intersection point of the opposite extension lines of the spectrum boundary is the circle center of the corresponding cambered surface), so that the photosensitive surface of the detector is vertical to the center of the received light beam, the photoelectric output signal is maximized, and the light energy utilization rate is improved; the chopper obtains the reference frequency signal of the optical power on-off, and the signal to noise ratio of the collected signal is improved and the measurement efficiency is also improved by synchronously collecting the signals of the multipath photoelectric detectors and the reference signal and carrying out relevant detection denoising treatment on the signals.
The invention relates to a calibration and measurement method of a large dynamic range spectral transmittance measurement device, which comprises the following steps:
a) The light source 1 outputs a stable power light signal, the stable power light signal is subjected to beam expansion and collimation through the shaping device 2, modulated by the chopper 3 and irradiated to the center of a calibration sheet of the calibration wheel disc 4 (the calibration sheet consists of neutral attenuation sheets with different transmittance, and the calibration sheet can be controlled by the main control unit to rotate to an optical path to attenuate the light intensity);
b) The emergent light signals are converted into electric signals by the photoelectric detection array 6 after passing through the dispersion element 5, the electric signals are amplified by the amplifying circuit 7 and then are sent to the synchronous data acquisition unit 8, meanwhile, the light intensity modulation frequency reference signals of the chopper 3 are also sent to the synchronous data acquisition unit 8, the synchronous acquisition is carried out and then are transmitted to the main control unit 9, the proper amplification factor is selected, the relevant detection denoising treatment is carried out on the multipath signals, the corresponding voltages are stored, the signal-to-noise ratio of the device is improved, and the measurement efficiency is also improved;
c) The movement assembly 10 displaces the photoelectric detection assembly, the displacement is the interval of photosensitive surfaces, the main control unit 9 drives the calibration wheel disc 4 to rotate, repeat step b) and finish the sectional calibration of the system;
d) The method comprises the steps of putting a sample to be tested, turning a wheel disc to a hole site without an attenuation sheet, irradiating 100% of light on the sample to be tested 11 after passing through the wheel disc, converting the generated spectrum signal into an electric signal by a photoelectric detection array 6, amplifying the electric signal by an amplifying circuit 7, sending the electric signal to a synchronous data acquisition unit 8, simultaneously sending a light intensity modulation frequency reference signal of a chopper 3 to the synchronous data acquisition unit 8, synchronously acquiring the electric signal, transmitting the electric signal to a main control unit 9, carrying out relevant detection denoising treatment on multiple paths of signals, and carrying out ratio operation on the signal calculated by the amplifying circuit and calibration data stored before to obtain spectrum transmissivity information of the sample to be tested. If the measured data are saturated, the incident light can be attenuated by adjusting the amplification factor of the pre-amplifying circuit and matching with the rotary wheel disc and then measured;
the ratio measurement is embodied as follows.
Wherein, the formula is phi i (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the measurement stage, phi 0 (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the calibration stage, S (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the measurement stage, U i (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the measurement stage, U 0 (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the measurement stage, T i (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the measurement stage, and T 0 (lambda) of the light flux received by the photosensitive surface of the detector in the calibration stage.
By carrying out sectional calibration on the spectrum intensity information and measuring based on a ratio measurement method, the system error of the device can be eliminated, and the measurement precision of the system is improved; synchronously acquiring signals and reference signals of the multipath photoelectric detectors, and carrying out correlation detection denoising treatment on the signals, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement efficiency of the signals are improved; the photoelectric detection array 6 is finely moved through the motion assembly, the problem of spectrum resolution reduction caused by the interval of photosensitive surfaces is compensated, the spectrum resolution of the device is improved, in the step d), the device attenuates light during high-transmittance measurement, and measurement of a large dynamic range is realized;
e) Repeating d) after displacing the photodetection assembly by the motion assembly 10;
in the actual use process, if the sample to be measured can generate deflection effect on light rays, the relative positions of all the components need to be finely adjusted, and the number of hole sites of the calibration wheel disc and the attenuation multiplying power of the calibration sheet are selected according to actual requirements.
The flow can detect the spectrum information of the sample to be detected, and can change the composite light source into a special light source such as a laser light source and the like to realize the detection of certain specific spectrums of the sample to be detected. In addition, the device can replace the light source with the light source to be detected after calibration is completed, and the detection of the light emitting characteristic of the light source to be detected is realized by carrying out ratio operation with calibration data. If a light emitting diode or a laser diode is used as the light source, modulation of the light intensity can be achieved using electrical modulation.
According to the invention, the composite light source is used and matched with the dispersion light path, the photoelectric detection array, the pre-amplifying circuit and the synchronous data acquisition unit are used for realizing synchronous acquisition of multiple paths of photoelectric signals, and the main control unit is used for carrying out relevant detection denoising processing on the acquired signals, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired signals is improved and the acquisition efficiency is improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention.