CN113203328A - Dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for tunnel excavation profile surface - Google Patents
Dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for tunnel excavation profile surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113203328A CN113203328A CN202110591722.9A CN202110591722A CN113203328A CN 113203328 A CN113203328 A CN 113203328A CN 202110591722 A CN202110591722 A CN 202110591722A CN 113203328 A CN113203328 A CN 113203328A
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- holes
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- rock
- tunnel
- tunnel excavation
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种隧道开挖轮廓面的动静态爆破联合成形方法，涉及爆破技术领域，该包括：在公路隧道开挖轮廓线上依次钻设周边孔，所述周边孔包括依次间隔设置的第一周边孔和第二周边孔；在已经钻孔完成的第二周边孔内注入岩石无声破碎剂；在隧道中钻辅助孔和掏槽孔；在所有第一周边孔及在隧道中的辅助孔和掏槽孔中均装填炸药，第一周边孔的洞口处用堵塞物封堵，并用导爆管雷管起爆所有炸药。本发明通过间隔设置的第一周边孔和第二周边孔，预先用岩石无声破碎剂产生微裂纹，可以减少炸药使用量，并减小炸药爆炸产生的围岩损伤和振动，提高隧道开挖轮廓面的平整度，避免爆破后大范围掉块所导致的超挖，降低后续支护成本。
The invention discloses a combined dynamic and static blasting forming method for a tunnel excavation contour surface, and relates to the field of blasting technology. The first peripheral hole and the second peripheral hole; the injection of rock silent crushing agent in the second peripheral hole that has been drilled; the drilling of auxiliary holes and undercut holes in the tunnel; in all the first peripheral holes and auxiliary holes in the tunnel The holes and the undercut holes are filled with explosives, the openings of the first peripheral holes are blocked with plugs, and all explosives are detonated with detonators. Through the first peripheral hole and the second peripheral hole arranged at intervals, the invention uses the rock silent crushing agent to generate micro-cracks in advance, which can reduce the amount of explosives used, and reduce the damage and vibration of the surrounding rock caused by the explosion of the explosives, and improve the tunnel excavation profile. The flatness of the surface can be avoided to avoid over-excavation caused by large-scale drop of blocks after blasting, and reduce the cost of subsequent support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface.
Background
With the continuous development of the industries such as roads, railways, water conservancy and the like in China, tunnel engineering is more and more. At present, in rock tunnel excavation engineering, a blasting method is mostly adopted for breaking rocks. In order to meet the requirement of tunnel peripheral contour excavation forming quality, a smooth blasting technology is generally adopted to reduce disturbance to surrounding rocks so as to form a smoother excavation contour surface.
However, the smooth blasting method still has some defects when a tunnel is excavated in weak surrounding rock:
(1) in order to achieve a better contour forming effect, the peripheral holes need to control smaller hole pitch, construction is difficult, and drilling cost is high, time is consumed, and labor is consumed.
(2) When the peripheral holes are filled with the powder continuously, the surrounding rock is seriously damaged; when air interval charging is adopted, the processing of the cartridge is complex.
(3) In order to achieve the blasting effect, peripheral holes need to be detonated simultaneously or the holes with more holes are detonated in the same batch, so that the vibration is strong.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of related products in the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface, which can reduce blasting harmful effects generated by explosive blasting and improve the effect of peripheral hole smooth blasting on tunnel profile forming.
The invention provides a dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: sequentially drilling peripheral holes on a highway tunnel excavation contour line, wherein the peripheral holes comprise a first peripheral hole and a second peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged at intervals;
step 2: during drilling, injecting a rock soundless breaker into the second peripheral hole which is drilled;
and step 3: after all the peripheral holes are drilled and the filling of the rock soundless cracking agent is finished, drilling auxiliary holes and cut holes in the tunnel, wherein the rock soundless cracking agent gradually expands and compresses the rock in the process, and microcracks generated by expansion are generated around the holes of the second peripheral holes;
and 4, step 4: and filling explosives in all the first peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes and the cut holes in the tunnel, plugging the holes of the first peripheral holes by using plugs, and detonating all the explosives by using detonating tube detonators.
In certain embodiments of the invention, in step 1, the peripheral holes have a hole size of 40 mm.
In certain embodiments of the invention, in step 2, after the silent rock breaking agent is filled into the second peripheral hole, the maximum expansive force is reached before the explosive is detonated.
In certain embodiments of the invention, in step 4, the first perimeter hole is charged with explosive while the continuous charging structure is used for continuous charging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the conventional smooth blasting method, the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation contour surface provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that rock soundless crushing agents are used for generating micro cracks in advance through the first peripheral holes and the second peripheral holes which are arranged at intervals, and then explosives are filled in the first peripheral holes, the auxiliary holes and the cut holes for detonation, so that the explosive usage amount can be reduced, the damage and vibration of surrounding rocks generated by explosive detonation are reduced, the flatness of the tunnel excavation contour surface is improved, the overexcavation caused by large-range block falling after blasting is avoided, and the subsequent supporting cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of peripheral hole planes of a dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of peripheral holes of the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a first perimeter aperture; 2. a second perimeter aperture; 3. an explosive; 4. a plug; 5. a nonel detonator; 6. a rock soundless breaker; 7. microcracking.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention, and that the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present disclosure is set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding thereof.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a layout diagram of a peripheral hole plane and a sectional diagram of a peripheral hole are respectively shown, and the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1: and sequentially drilling peripheral holes on the excavation contour line of the highway tunnel, wherein the peripheral holes comprise a first peripheral hole 1 and a second peripheral hole 2 which are sequentially arranged at intervals.
Step 2: during drilling, a rock silent breaker 6 is injected into the second circumferential hole 2, which has been drilled.
And step 3: after all the peripheral holes have been drilled and the filling of the rock silent crusher 6 has been completed, auxiliary holes and cut holes (not shown) are drilled in the tunnel, during which the rock silent crusher 6 will gradually expand and compress the rock, creating some expansion-induced micro cracks 7 around the second peripheral holes 2.
And 4, step 4: all the first peripheral holes 1 and auxiliary holes and cut holes in the tunnel are filled with explosives 3, the hole openings of the first peripheral holes 1 are blocked by plugs 4, and all the explosives 3 are detonated by detonating tube detonators 5.
In the step 1, the diameter of the peripheral hole is 40 mm.
In the above step 2, after the silent rock breaking agent 6 is filled in the second peripheral hole 2, the maximum expansive force is reached before the explosive 3 is detonated.
In the step 4, when the explosive 3 is charged into the first peripheral hole 1, the continuous charging is performed by using the continuous charging structure.
Compared with the conventional smooth blasting method, the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation contour surface provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the first peripheral hole 1 and the second peripheral hole 2 which are arranged at intervals are used for generating micro cracks 7 in advance by using the rock soundless crushing agent 6, and then the first peripheral hole 1, the auxiliary holes and the slotted holes are filled with the explosives 3 for blasting, so that the using amount of the explosives 3 can be reduced, the damage and the vibration of the surrounding rock generated by the explosion of the explosives 3 are reduced, the flatness of the tunnel excavation contour surface is improved, the overexcavation caused by large-range block falling after blasting is avoided, and the subsequent supporting cost is reduced.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing detailed description, or equivalent changes may be made in some of the features of the embodiments. All equivalent structures made by using the contents of the specification and the attached drawings of the invention can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are also within the protection scope of the patent of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: sequentially drilling peripheral holes on a highway tunnel excavation contour line, wherein the peripheral holes comprise a first peripheral hole and a second peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged at intervals;
step 2: during drilling, injecting a rock soundless breaker into the second peripheral hole which is drilled;
and step 3: after all the peripheral holes are drilled and the filling of the rock soundless cracking agent is finished, drilling auxiliary holes and cut holes in the tunnel, wherein the rock soundless cracking agent gradually expands and compresses the rock in the process, and microcracks generated by expansion are generated around the holes of the second peripheral holes;
and 4, step 4: and filling explosives in all the first peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes and the cut holes in the tunnel, plugging the holes of the first peripheral holes by using plugs, and detonating all the explosives by using detonating tube detonators.
2. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1, the pore size of the peripheral pores is 40 mm.
3. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, after the silent breaking rock agent is filled in the second peripheral hole, the maximum expansive force is reached before the explosive is detonated.
4. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, when the explosive is filled in the first peripheral hole, continuously charging by adopting a continuous charging structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110591722.9A CN113203328B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for tunnel excavation contour surface |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110591722.9A CN113203328B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for tunnel excavation contour surface |
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| CN113203328A true CN113203328A (en) | 2021-08-03 |
| CN113203328B CN113203328B (en) | 2022-08-26 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116592722A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-15 | 江汉大学 | A Method for Calculating the Explosive Consumption of Tunnel Blasting Based on the Characteristics of the Drilling Process |
| CN116677391A (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-01 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | A static breaker excavation method for a subway communication channel |
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2021
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116677391A (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-01 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | A static breaker excavation method for a subway communication channel |
| CN116592722A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-15 | 江汉大学 | A Method for Calculating the Explosive Consumption of Tunnel Blasting Based on the Characteristics of the Drilling Process |
| CN116592722B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-09-12 | 江汉大学 | Method for calculating tunnel blasting explosive dosage through drilling process characteristics |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113203328B (en) | 2022-08-26 |
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