CN113207815A - Method for breeding hermetia illucens - Google Patents
Method for breeding hermetia illucens Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207815A CN113207815A CN202110675900.6A CN202110675900A CN113207815A CN 113207815 A CN113207815 A CN 113207815A CN 202110675900 A CN202110675900 A CN 202110675900A CN 113207815 A CN113207815 A CN 113207815A
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- 241000709785 Hermetia illucens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 31
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 241001481656 Stratiomyidae Species 0.000 claims 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001647 gastrula Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000019371 dormancy process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000709334 Hermetia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255632 Tabanus atratus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=C2 AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006266 hibernation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding hermetia illucens, and belongs to the technical field of hermetia illucens breeding. The culture method comprises the following steps: the redundant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs with the preset demand removed are dormant, and the dormant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs are released from dormancy and develop when needed; wherein the dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae is stacking the hermetia illucens pupae at 28-32 ℃ and humidity of 40-60%, and the illumination time per day is not less than 15h in the stacking process; the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs is carried out at the temperature of 9-10 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%. In the method, the volume of the hermetia illucens eggs is extremely small relative to that of preputia pupae, and the refrigeration energy consumption and the occupied area can be reduced by refrigerating the eggs; the pupae can be dormant at normal temperature, the storage cost can be reduced and the pupae survival rate can be improved compared with the pupae pre-refrigeration, and the breeding method is favorable for large-scale standardized production of the hermetia illucens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hermetia illucens breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of hermetia illucens.
Background
The black soldier fly is an insect in the genus hermetia of the family hermetiaceae of the order hermetia, is completely metamorphosis and develops through eggs, larvae, pupae and adults, and has a growth cycle of 28 to 30 days under appropriate culture conditions. The larvae live on the nutritional saprophytic life, have high food intake and high food intake, are favored to eat all day under the insect feces and the residual materials, have strong vitality, high culture survival rate and high yield. The hermetia illucens has the characteristics of wide feeding range of organic wastes, large biomass, short generation period, high feed conversion rate, low large-scale breeding difficulty, long product storage period and the like, and becomes a resource insect with great development potential at present. The organic waste is treated by utilizing the method of harmlessness, reduction and recycling, and the method has extremely high environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
However, the production of the hermetia illucens eggs is always the bottleneck of large-scale cultivation, the production of the hermetia illucens eggs is influenced by many factors, such as the quality of the breeding insects, local weather and the like, and the high-time and low-time egg laying amount is not beneficial to the management of production cultivation.
At present, the adult black soldier fly is bred quantitatively mainly by refrigerating the black soldier fly prepupa, the black soldier fly prepupa can be refrigerated for 20-30 days in an environment of 6-8 ℃, however, the volume of the prepupa is large, the low-temperature refrigeration energy consumption cost is high, the occupied area is large, the death rate of the prepupa is increased along with the extension of the refrigeration time, and the survival rate of the prepupa is only about 50% of that before refrigeration when the prepupa is generally refrigerated to 60 days.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which can realize large-scale standardized production of the hermetia illucens under the condition of reducing refrigeration energy consumption and floor area.
The invention can be realized as follows:
the invention provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which comprises the following steps of: the redundant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs with the preset demand removed are dormant, and the dormant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs are released from dormancy and develop when needed;
wherein the dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae is stacking the hermetia illucens pupae at 28-32 ℃ and humidity of 40-60%, and the illumination time per day is not less than 15h in the stacking process;
the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs is carried out at the temperature of 9-10 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%.
In an alternative embodiment, the hermetia illucens eggs are eggs of the protogut.
In an alternative embodiment, the illumination intensity during the stacking process of the hermetia illucens pupae is 10000-.
In an alternative embodiment, the stacking of the hermetia illucens pupae avoids the light source directly illuminating the hermetia illucens pupae.
In an alternative embodiment, the stacking thickness of the hermetia illucens pupae does not exceed 8 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, the black soldier fly pupae used for hibernation are produced by pupation of black soldier fly preputial.
In an alternative embodiment, the hermetia illucens prepupa is stacked and naturally pupated under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 40-60%; in the stacking process of the black soldier fly prepupa, the illumination time is not less than 15h every day.
In an alternative embodiment, the illumination intensity during the stacking process of the black soldier fly preputia is 10000-.
In an alternative embodiment, the stacking of the black soldier fly preputial prevents the light source from directly illuminating the black soldier fly preputial.
In an alternative embodiment, the stacking thickness of the hermetia illucens prepupa does not exceed 3 cm.
In an optional embodiment, the eclosion matrix with the water content of 20-40% is added in the stacking process of the hermetia illucens preputita.
In an alternative embodiment, the weight ratio of black soldier fly preputia to eclosion matrix is 8-12: 1.
In alternative embodiments, the feathering matrix comprises sawdust or bran.
In an alternative embodiment, the releasing of the dormancy of hermetia illucens pupae comprises: placing dormant hermetia illucens pupa under the conditions of 25-28 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% for 3-5 days, and lighting time is more than 0 and less than 12h per day.
In an alternative embodiment, the intensity of illumination during the release from dormancy of hermetia illucens pupae is 10000-.
In an alternative embodiment, before the hermetia illucens eggs are dormant, the hermetia illucens eggs to be dormant are pretreated.
In an alternative embodiment, the pre-processing comprises: sequentially carrying out alcohol soaking, water cleaning, primary body surface drying, humectant soaking, secondary body surface drying and precooling on the hermetia illucens eggs to be dormant.
In an alternative embodiment, the alcohol soaking is performed for 5 to 10 seconds in alcohol having a concentration of 50 to 70 wt%.
In an alternative embodiment, the humectant soaking is no more than 5 seconds of soaking in the humectant.
In alternative embodiments, the humectant comprises glycerin or a halocarbon oil.
In an alternative embodiment, the pre-cooling is carried out at a temperature of 18-22 deg.C and a humidity of 70-80% for 30-60 min.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature is reduced to 9-10 ℃ within 2h after the end of the pre-cooling for cold storage.
In an alternative embodiment, the releasing of the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs comprises: heating the dormant hermetia illucens eggs to 25-30 ℃, spraying a humectant, and allowing the eggs to develop under the conditions of 28-32 ℃ and 70-80% humidity.
The beneficial effect of this application includes:
this application carries out normal atmospheric temperature dormancy through will detaching the unnecessary heisui river horsefly pupa of predetermineeing the demand, and the heisui river horsefly pupa that will hibernate when treating needs is relieved dormancy and is grown, compares the cold-stored survival rate that can reduce the storage cost and improve the pupa of prepupa.
The redundant hermetia illucens eggs with preset demand are removed for refrigeration and dormancy, and the dormant hermetia illucens eggs are released for dormancy and development when needed, so that refrigeration energy consumption and occupied area can be reduced.
The breeding method is beneficial to large-scale standardized production of the hermetia illucens.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for breeding hermetia illucens provided by the present application is specifically described below.
The application provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which comprises the following steps: and (3) the redundant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs with preset demand removed are dormant, and the dormant black soldier fly pupae or black soldier fly eggs are released from dormancy and develop when needed.
The dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae is to stack the hermetia illucens pupae at 28-32 ℃ and under the humidity of 40-60%, and the illumination time per day is not less than 15h in the stacking process.
The dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs is carried out at the temperature of 9-10 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%.
The black soldier fly pupae can be dormant at normal temperature, so that the storage cost can be reduced and the survival rate of the pupae can be improved compared with the pupae pre-refrigeration; and secondly, the hermetia illucens eggs are put into dormancy, the volume of the hermetia illucens eggs is extremely small relative to that of preputia, and refrigeration energy consumption and occupied area can be reduced by refrigerating the hermetia illucens eggs. In addition, redundant eggs and pupae are dormant in the egg-laying peak period, and the rest states of the eggs and pupae are removed in the egg quantity valley period, so that the reasonable control of the breeding quantity of the hermetia illucens is facilitated, and the large-scale and standardized production of the hermetia illucens is facilitated.
The dormancy and dormancy release of hermetia illucens pupae are further described as follows:
the dormancy temperature of hermetia illucens pupae can be 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃ or 32 ℃ or any other value within the range of 28-32 ℃.
The dormancy humidity of the hermetia illucens pupae can be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%, and the like, and can also be any other value within the range of 40-60%. The humidity here refers to the moisture content, as follows.
In the stacking process of the hermetia illucens pupae, the illumination time per day can be 15h, 18h, 20h, 22h or 24h, and the like, and can also be other time values within the range of 15-24 h.
In the process of stacking the hermetia illucens pupae, the light intensity may be 10000-. It should be emphasized that, during the stacking process of the black soldier fly pupae, the light source is prevented from directly irradiating the black soldier fly pupae (i.e. direct sunlight is avoided, for example, a shielding object can be arranged above the black soldier fly pupae to prevent the direct irradiation from causing dehydration and death of the black soldier fly pupae).
In a preferred embodiment, the stacked thickness of the hermetia illucens pupae does not exceed 8cm, and can be 8cm, 7cm, 6cm, 5cm, 4cm, 3cm or 2cm, for example, so as to avoid pupae development on the bottom layer.
By storing the black soldier fly pupae in the environment with the temperature, the humidity and the long illumination, the black soldier fly pupae can be in a dormant state and cannot grow.
For reference, the black soldier fly pupae used for dormancy can be obtained by pupating black soldier fly prepupation.
Specifically, it may be: stacking the hermetia illucens prepupa under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 40-60% to naturally pupate; in the stacking process of the black soldier fly prepupa, the illumination time is not less than 15h every day.
Wherein the stacking temperature of the hermetia illucens prepupa can be 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃ or 32 ℃, and the like, and can also be any value within the range of 28-32 ℃.
The humidity of the stacked hermetia illucens prepupa can also be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%, and the like, and can also be any other value within the range of 40-60%.
In the piling process of the black soldier fly preputia, the illumination time per day can be 15h, 18h, 20h, 22h or 24h, and the like, and can also be other time values within the range of 15-24 h.
In the process of stacking the hermetia illucens prepupa, the illumination intensity may be 10000-. It is worth emphasizing that the stacking process of the black soldier fly preputial also needs to avoid the light source from directly irradiating the black soldier fly preputial (i.e. avoiding direct sunlight).
In a preferred embodiment, the stacked thickness of the hermetia illucens pupae does not exceed 8cm, and can be 8cm, 7cm, 6cm, 5cm, 4cm, 3cm or 2cm, for example, so as to avoid pupae development on the bottom layer.
In alternative embodiments, the stacking thickness of the hermetia illucens prepupa does not exceed 3cm, such as 3cm, 2.5cm, 2cm, 1.5cm, or 1 cm.
Furthermore, an eclosion matrix with the water content of 20-40% is added in the stacking process of the black soldier fly preputia. By reference, the water content of the feathered substrate may be, for example, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or the like.
Under the moisture content range, proper moisture can be provided for the hermetia illucens prepupa, and the hermetia illucens prepupa is prevented from being dehydrated and killed in the stacking process. In addition, the hermetia illucens pupae are in a relatively active state before dormancy, if the eclosion matrix is not placed, the heat emitted by the hermetia illucens pupae is easy to cause the eclosion matrix to be thermally dead, and the air permeability can be increased in the stacking process by adding the eclosion matrix, so that the heat concentration is avoided.
In alternative embodiments, the weight ratio of the hermetia illucens prepupa to the eclosion matrix can be 8-12:1, such as 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, or 12:1, and can be any other value within the range of 8-12: 1. In some preferred embodiments, the weight ratio of black soldier fly preputia to eclosion matrix is 10: 1.
Alternatively, the emergence base may comprise sawdust or bran.
And (3) after the hermetia illucens pupate naturally, screening the pupae. It is worth noting that under the environment of 28-32 ℃ of temperature, 40-60% of humidity and not less than 15h of illumination time every day, the hermetia illucens prepupa can develop and pupate, and the pupae can not develop under the environment and are in a dormant state.
In an alternative embodiment, the releasing of the dormancy of hermetia illucens pupae comprises: placing dormant hermetia illucens pupa under the conditions of 25-28 deg.C and humidity of 50-80% for 3-5 days, and lighting time is more than 0 and less than 12h per day.
The temperature for releasing the black soldier fly pupae from dormancy can be 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃ or 28 ℃, and can also be any other value within the range of 25-28 ℃.
The humidity for releasing the black soldier fly pupae from dormancy can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%, and can be any value within the range of 50-8%. In some preferred embodiments, the humidity for dormancy-releasing of hermetia illucens pupae is 50-60%.
In the sleep release process, the light irradiation time may be 12h, 10h, 8h, 6h, 4h, 2h, or the like, for example, per day. In the process, the illumination intensity may be 10000-.
Bearing in mind, under the environment of 25-28 deg.C, humidity of 50-80 wt%, and illumination time of more than 0 and no more than 12h (short illumination) for 3-5 days, the dormancy state of Hermetia illucens pupae can be terminated, and the Hermetia illucens pupae can normally develop.
The dormancy and dormancy release of hermetia illucens eggs are further described below:
in reference, the hermetia illucens eggs used for dormancy are eggs in the gastral period, and the eggs cannot be stressed.
The dormancy temperature of the hermetia illucens eggs can be 9 ℃, 9.5 ℃ or 10 ℃, and can also be any other value within the range of 9-10 ℃.
The dormancy humidity of the hermetia illucens eggs can be 70%, 75% or 80%, and the like, and can also be any other value within the range of 70-80%.
By storing the hermetia illucens eggs in the environment with the temperature and the humidity, the hermetia illucens eggs can be in a dormant state and do not grow.
Preferably, before the hermetia illucens eggs are dormant, pretreatment is carried out on the hermetia illucens eggs to be dormant.
In an alternative embodiment, the pre-processing may include: sequentially carrying out alcohol soaking, water cleaning, primary body surface drying, humectant soaking, secondary body surface drying and precooling on the hermetia illucens eggs to be dormant.
Wherein the alcohol soaking step can be carried out for 5-10s (e.g. 5s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 9s or 10 s) in 50-70 wt% (e.g. 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt% or 70 wt%) alcohol.
The alcohol soaking function comprises: firstly, the sterilization and disinfection effects are achieved, and substances such as mildew and the like are prevented from breeding in the dormancy process of the hermetia illucens eggs; and secondly, mucus on the surfaces of the hermetia illucens eggs can be removed. It is worth emphasizing that, in terms of normal incubation, mucus is beneficial to the incubation of hermetia illucens eggs, and can play a role in moisture preservation, but the moisture preservation degree of mucus is poor, and the mucus can only preserve moisture for 2-3 days, and the dormancy time of the hermetia illucens eggs is far more than 2-3 days, so that the mucus is dried on the surfaces of the hermetia illucens eggs, and the hermetia illucens eggs cannot break shells and grow when the dormancy state needs to be released.
Humectant soaking may be no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds of soaking in the humectant.
In alternative embodiments, the humectant may include, for example, glycerin or halocarbon oil.
The moisturizing agent has strong moisturizing capability and long moisturizing time, and plays a role in moisturizing the hermetia illucens eggs in the dormancy process of the hermetia illucens eggs.
In alternative embodiments, the pre-cooling temperature may be 18-22 ℃, such as 18 ℃, 19 ℃, 20 ℃, 21 ℃ or 22 ℃, or any other value within the range of 18-22 ℃.
The pre-cooling humidity may be 70-80%, such as 70%, 72%, 75%, 78% or 80%, etc., or may be any other value within the range of 70-80%.
The precooling time can be 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, and the like, and can also be any other value within the range of 30-60 min.
Specifically, the process of pretreating hermetia illucens eggs can refer to the following steps:
collecting Hermetia illucens eggs laid on the same day together with a trapping device (such as a wood board) at about 6 pm every day, placing the Hermetia illucens eggs together with the trapping device in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 28-32 deg.C (preferably 30 deg.C) and the humidity of 70-80% (preferably 80%), separating the Hermetia illucens from the trapping device at about 7 o' clock the next day, spreading the collected Hermetia illucens on a gauze with the thickness of not more than 0.5cm, soaking the gauze with the Hermetia illucens in 50-75 wt% alcohol for 5-10s, taking out, placing in pure water for 5-10s, cleaning for 2-3 times, slightly absorbing water drops attached to the surfaces of the Hermetia illucens with water absorbing paper, soaking the gauze with the Hermetia illucens in glycerol (or halooil) for not more than 5s (preferably 2s), immediately taking out, and slightly absorbing oil drops attached to the surfaces of the Hermetia illucens with oil absorbing paper. Placing the treated ovum and gauze into moisture keeping box, and placing the moisture keeping box in a climatic chamber with temperature of 18-22 deg.C (preferably 20 deg.C) and humidity of 70-80% (preferably 80%) for 30-60min (preferably 60 min).
Because the adult eggs have the seam expelling property, the eggs are usually laid in the seams, and the hermetia illucens eggs are collected together with the trapping device, so that the newly laid eggs can be prevented from being damaged, and the damage rate is reduced.
The thickness control that the worm's ovum tiled on the gauze is no longer than 0.5cm, can avoid on the one hand to lead to air conditioning evenly distributed after the tiling thickness is too thick, and the worm's ovum that is located middle or lower floor is hotter (also after the thickness is too thick, not all worm's ovum homoenergetic can obtain cold-stored) in addition, can avoid the thickness too thick to cause the worm's ovum gas permeability of middle and lower floor poor, leads to the worm's ovum to die.
The pure water cleaning function is mainly used for removing alcohol, water drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs can be absorbed after cleaning, the eggs can be prevented from hatching or even dying under the condition that water exists on the surfaces, and the reason for the phenomenon can be found in the following steps: if water is attached to the surface of the worm eggs, the worm eggs cannot breathe due to the fact that the air is not permeable.
Further, the temperature is reduced to 9-10 ℃ (preferably 10 ℃) within 2 hours after the pre-cooling is finished, and the cold storage is carried out. During the cold storage period, the moisturizing box is opened once a day, and the moisture condition of the moisturizing filter paper is checked while the water drops are prevented from being condensed on the surface of the worm eggs.
If the refrigeration temperature exceeds 10 ℃, particularly 12 ℃, worm eggs can slowly develop; if the refrigeration temperature is lower than 8 ℃, the worm eggs can be frozen.
It is worth to be noted that gauze, a moisture preservation box, a refrigerated climate box and the like which are used in the dormancy process of the hermetia illucens eggs and are in contact with the eggs are sterilized by alcohol before use.
In an alternative embodiment, the releasing of the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs comprises: heating the dormant hermetia illucens eggs to 25-30 ℃, spraying a humectant, and allowing the eggs to develop under the conditions of 28-32 ℃ and 70-80% humidity.
Preferably, the temperature of the refrigerated insect eggs is increased to 25-30 ℃ within 3 h.
The humectant sprayed during dormancy relieving process can be glycerol or halohydrocarbon oil, and the spraying position is on the surface of ovum on the surface layer. For reference, the amount sprayed may be 10-15g egg/mL.
In the dormancy releasing process, the surface layer worm eggs in the refrigerating box are easy to dry, so that the surface layer worm eggs are dehydrated and killed, and the surface of the surface layer worm eggs is sprayed with the humectant, so that the part of worm eggs have higher survival rate.
In alternative embodiments, the development temperature of the eggs when they are hibernated may be 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃ or 32 ℃ or the like, or any other value within the range of 28-32 ℃.
The development moisture may be 70-80%, such as 70%, 72%, 75%, 78% or 80%, etc., or may be any other value within the range of 70-80%.
By the dormancy method, the dormancy and refrigeration time of the worm eggs can reach 25-30 days (which is higher than the longest 15 days in the prior art), and the survival rate reaches 60-80%.
In summary, the breeding method provided by the application has the following advantages:
(1) the timeliness is good: feeding organic waste in the larval stage of the hermetia illucens, refrigerating for pupation, pupating for pupation, forming imagoes by pupal eclosion, mating the imagoes for oviposition, incubating eggs to form 2-instar larvae, and putting the 2-instar larvae into production. The dormancy of the worm eggs or pupae has better timeliness than the refrigeration of the pupae.
(2) The storage cost is low: the volume of the hermetia illucens eggs is extremely small relative to prepupa, and the energy consumption and the occupied area of refrigerating prepupa can be reduced by refrigerating the eggs. In addition, by making the pupae dormant at normal temperature, the storage cost can be reduced and the survival rate of the pupae can be improved compared with the pre-pupae cold storage.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens pupae are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens pupae are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and develop.
The process and conditions for dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
adding 1kg of sawdust with water content of 30% into the collected 10kg of black soldier fly prepupa air-dried body surface, stacking in an environment with long illumination (illumination intensity of 15000lux, illumination time of 20h every day to avoid light source from directly irradiating pupation), temperature of 30 ℃ and humidity of 50%, stacking to thickness of 2cm, and screening pupation after natural pupation. And stacking the screened pupa in an environment with long illumination (the illumination intensity is 15000lux, the illumination time per day is 20h, the phenomenon that the light source directly irradiates the pupa) at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 50 percent, wherein the pupa stacking thickness is 5cm, so as to prevent the bottom pupa from continuously developing.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
the dormant pupa can be normally grown in short illumination (illumination intensity of 15000lux, illumination time of 10 hr per day), 25 deg.C and humidity of 65% for 4 days.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens pupae are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens pupae are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and develop.
The process and conditions for dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
adding 1kg of bran with the water content of 20% into the collected 8kg of black soldier fly prepupa air-dried body surface water, stacking in an environment with long illumination (the illumination intensity is 20000lux, the illumination time per day is 15h, the light source is prevented from being directly radiated to pupate), the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 40%, stacking the thickness of 1cm, and then screening out pupae after the pupae is naturally pupated. And stacking the screened pupa in an environment with long illumination (illumination intensity is 20000lux, the illumination time per day is 18h, the condition that a light source is prevented from directly irradiating the pupa) at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 40 percent, wherein the pupa stacking thickness is 6cm, so as to prevent the bottom pupa from continuously developing.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
the dormant pupa can be normally grown in short illumination (illumination intensity of 20000lux, illumination time of 8h per day), temperature of 26.5 deg.C, and humidity of 50% for 5 days.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens pupae are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens pupae are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and develop.
The process and conditions for dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
adding 1kg of sawdust with water content of 40% into 12kg of collected black soldier fly prepupa air-dried body surface water, stacking in an environment with long illumination (illumination intensity is 10000lux, illumination time is 24h every day, light source is prevented from being directly emitted to pupate), temperature is 32 ℃ and humidity is 60%, stacking thickness is 3cm, and then screening pupae after pupae naturally pupate. And stacking the screened pupa in an environment with long illumination (illumination intensity of 10000lux, illumination time of 12h per day, and no light source directly irradiating the pupa), temperature of 32 deg.C, and humidity of 60%, wherein the pupa stacking thickness is 8cm, so as to prevent the pupa at the bottom layer from continuously developing.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens pupae are as follows:
the dormant pupa can be normally grown in short illumination (illumination intensity of 10000lux, illumination time of 12h per day), 28 deg.C and humidity of 80% for 3 days.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens eggs are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens eggs are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and are developed.
The process and conditions for the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
collecting hermetia illucens eggs laid on the same day together with the trapping device at 6 pm every day, placing the hermetia illucens eggs in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 80%, separating the eggs from the trapping device at 7 pm the next day, tiling the collected eggs on a gauze with the tiling thickness of 0.3cm, soaking the gauze with the eggs in 60 wt% alcohol for 8s, taking out the gauze, placing the gauze in pure water for 8s, cleaning the gauze for 3 s, slightly absorbing water drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using absorbent paper, soaking the gauze with the eggs in glycerol for 2s, immediately taking out, and slightly absorbing oil drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using the absorbent paper. And putting the treated worm eggs and the gauze into a moisturizing box, and placing the moisturizing box in a climatic chamber with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 80% for 1 h. And then slowly reducing the temperature of the climate box to 9 ℃ within 2h for refrigeration, opening the moisturizing box once every day during the refrigeration, checking the moisture condition of the moisturizing filter paper and avoiding water drops condensed on the surface of the worm eggs. The gauze, the moisture preservation box and the refrigerated climate box which are in contact with the worm eggs are sterilized by alcohol before use.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
taking out the refrigerated ovum, slowly raising the temperature to 28 ℃ within 3h, lightly spraying a layer of glycerol (the spraying amount is 10g ovum/mL) on the surface of the ovum, and placing the ovum in a climatic chamber with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 75% to allow the embryo to develop until the embryo is hatched.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens eggs are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens eggs are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and are developed.
The process and conditions for the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
collecting hermetia illucens eggs laid on the same day together with the trapping device at 6 pm every day, placing the hermetia illucens eggs in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 70%, separating the eggs from the trapping device at 7 pm the next day, tiling the collected eggs on a gauze with the tiling thickness of 0.4cm, soaking the gauze with the eggs in 50 wt% alcohol for 10s, taking out, placing in pure water for 5s, cleaning for 3 s, slightly absorbing water drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using absorbent paper, soaking the gauze with the eggs in glycerol for 4s, immediately taking out, and slightly absorbing oil drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using the absorbent paper. Putting the treated ovum and gauze into a moisture-keeping box, and placing the moisture-keeping box in a climatic chamber with temperature of 18 deg.C and humidity of 70% for 30 min. And then slowly reducing the temperature of the climate box to 9 ℃ within 2h for refrigeration, opening the moisturizing box once every day during the refrigeration, checking the moisture condition of the moisturizing filter paper and avoiding water drops condensed on the surface of the worm eggs. The gauze, the moisture preservation box and the refrigerated climate box which are in contact with the worm eggs are sterilized by alcohol before use.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
taking out the refrigerated ovum, slowly raising the temperature to 25 ℃ within 3h, lightly spraying a layer of glycerol (the spraying amount is 15g ovum/mL) on the surface of the ovum, and placing the ovum in a climatic chamber with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 70% to allow the embryo to develop until the embryo is hatched.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for breeding hermetia illucens, which is mainly characterized in that part of hermetia illucens eggs are dormant in the egg laying peak period of the hermetia illucens, and then the dormant hermetia illucens eggs are released from dormancy in the egg laying valley period and are developed.
The process and conditions for the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
collecting hermetia illucens eggs laid on the same day together with the trapping device at 6 pm every day, placing the hermetia illucens eggs in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 32 ℃ and the humidity of 75%, separating the eggs from the trapping device at 7 pm the next day, tiling the collected eggs on a gauze with the tiling thickness of 0.5cm, soaking the gauze with the eggs in 75 wt% alcohol for 5s, taking out, placing in pure water for 10s, cleaning for 2s, slightly absorbing water drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using absorbent paper, soaking the gauze with the eggs in glycerol for 5s, immediately taking out, and slightly absorbing oil drops attached to the surfaces of the eggs by using the absorbent paper. The treated eggs and gauze are put into a moisture preservation box, and then the moisture preservation box is placed in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the humidity of 75% for 45 min. And then slowly reducing the temperature of the climate box to 9 ℃ within 2h for refrigeration, opening the moisturizing box once every day during the refrigeration, checking the moisture condition of the moisturizing filter paper and avoiding water drops condensed on the surface of the worm eggs. The gauze, the moisture preservation box and the refrigerated climate box which are in contact with the worm eggs are sterilized by alcohol before use.
The process and conditions for releasing the dormancy of the hermetia illucens eggs are as follows:
taking out the refrigerated ovum, slowly raising the temperature to 30 ℃ within 3h, lightly spraying a layer of glycerol (the spraying amount is 12g ovum/mL) on the surface of the ovum, and placing the ovum in a climatic chamber with the temperature of 32 ℃ and the humidity of 80% to allow the embryo to develop until the embryo is hatched.
Test examples
The results of measuring the eclosion rate, hatching rate, etc. of eggs or pupae are shown in tables 1 and 2, taking examples 1 to 6 as examples.
TABLE 1 test results for hermetia illucens pupae
| Examples | Pre-pupation rate | Rate of pupa dormancy | Number of days of dormancy | Dormant pupaEclosion rate |
| Example 1 | 92％ | 82％ | 30 | 86％ |
| Example 2 | 95％ | 64％ | 30 | 89％ |
| Example 3 | 96％ | 38％ | 30 | 87％ |
TABLE 2 test results of hermetia illucens eggs
| Examples | Days of refrigeration | Hatching rate | Days of refrigeration | Hatching rate | Days of refrigeration | Hatching rate |
| Example 4 | 10 | 92％ | 20 | 86％ | 30 | 75％ |
| Example 5 | 10 | 85％ | 20 | 70％ | 30 | 53％ |
| Example 6 | 10 | 71％ | 20 | 44％ | 30 | 18％ |
Further, taking the production of 1 kg/egg per day and 30 days of storage as an example, the difference between the conventional refrigeration pupation method and the dormancy method provided by the present application in terms of timeliness and energy consumption is compared, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 timeliness and energy consumption
As can be seen from the table 3, the dormancy mode that this application provided can show reduction energy consumption and area than prior art's cold-stored pupa in advance mode.
In summary, the breeding method provided by the application has the following advantages:
(1) the timeliness is good: feeding organic waste in the larval stage of the hermetia illucens, refrigerating for pupation, pupating for pupation, forming imagoes by pupal eclosion, mating the imagoes for oviposition, incubating eggs to form 2-instar larvae, and putting the 2-instar larvae into production. The dormancy of the worm eggs or pupae has better timeliness than the refrigeration of the pupae.
(2) The storage cost is low: the volume of the hermetia illucens eggs is extremely small relative to prepupa, and the energy consumption and the occupied area of refrigerating prepupa can be reduced by refrigerating the eggs. In addition, by making the pupae dormant at normal temperature, the storage cost can be reduced and the survival rate of the pupae can be improved compared with the pre-pupae cold storage.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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