CN113190325A - Container creation method and device - Google Patents
Container creation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113190325A CN113190325A CN202110383555.9A CN202110383555A CN113190325A CN 113190325 A CN113190325 A CN 113190325A CN 202110383555 A CN202110383555 A CN 202110383555A CN 113190325 A CN113190325 A CN 113190325A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/13—File access structures, e.g. distributed indices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45562—Creating, deleting, cloning virtual machine instances
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种容器创建方法和装置，该方法包括：创建待创建的容器的根目录；创建预设容量的虚拟磁盘；在所述根目录下创建空的根文件系统目录；将所述虚拟磁盘挂载到所述根文件系统目录；在所述根文件系统目录下创建根文件系统。本申请公开的容器创建方法和装置实现了通用的容器配额限制功能。
The present application discloses a container creation method and device. The method includes: creating a root directory of a container to be created; creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity; creating an empty root file system directory under the root directory; The virtual disk is mounted to the root file system directory; a root file system is created under the root file system directory. The container creation method and apparatus disclosed in the present application implement a general container quota restriction function.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to computer technologies, and in particular, to a container creation method and apparatus.
Background
Since the docker container technology is heavier for the embedded platform, the container in the embedded environment is mainly Linux LXC, and the Linux kernel of the embedded platform is often reduced (for example, the Alpine Linux kernel only has several megabytes), so that most high-level functions (for example, quota function) of Linux are not available, and thus there is no universal container quota limiting scheme on the embedded platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a container creation method which can realize a universal container quota limiting function.
The application provides a container creation method, which comprises the following steps:
creating a root directory of a container to be created;
creating a virtual disk with preset capacity;
creating an empty root file system directory under the root directory;
mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory;
and creating a root file system under the root file system directory.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
and creating an empty virtual disk file with a preset size.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
creating a virtual disk file with a preset size through a sparse file technology and setting attribute information of the virtual disk file.
In an exemplary embodiment, after creating the virtual disk with the preset capacity and before mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory, the method further includes:
and formatting the virtual disk file, and establishing a first file system.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes:
the first file system comprises a second generation extension ext2 file system, or a third generation extension ext3 file system or a fourth generation extension ext4 file system.
The application provides a container creation apparatus, comprising a memory and a processor,
the memory is used for storing a program for creating a container;
the processor is configured to read and execute the program for creating the container, and perform the following operations:
creating a root directory of a container to be created;
creating a virtual disk with preset capacity;
creating an empty root file system directory under the root directory;
mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory;
and creating a root file system under the root file system directory.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
and creating an empty virtual disk file with a preset size.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
creating a virtual disk file with a preset size through a sparse file technology and setting attribute information of the virtual disk file.
In an exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to read and execute the program for container creation, and further perform the following operations:
and formatting the virtual disk file, and establishing a first file system.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method comprises:
the first file system comprises a second generation extension ext2 file system, or a third generation extension ext3 file system or a fourth generation extension ext4 file system.
According to the embodiment of the application, the created virtual disk with the preset capacity is mounted to the root file system directory, so that a universal container quota limiting function is realized.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the application. Other advantages of the present application may be realized and attained by the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification and the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide an understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the examples serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a container creation method of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a container creation method with a disk quota in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a container creation apparatus of an embodiment of the present application;
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a container creation method according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the container creation method according to the embodiment includes steps S11-S14:
s11, creating a root directory of the container to be created.
And S12, creating a virtual disk with preset capacity.
S13, creating an empty root file system directory under the root directory;
s14, mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory;
and S15, creating a root file system under the root file system directory.
The container creation process creates a directory of the same name according to the specified container name parameter, then runs the specified container image file (here, the image file is generally a script file describing the steps of creating a rootfs file system (i.e., root file system)), creates rootfs under the container name directory, and sets the directory as a container root directory, and then the container operation runs with the directory as the root directory, and the reading and writing of the file in the container operation are performed based on the directory as the root. A container is an independent running environment and is equivalent to a lightweight virtual machine, and a container root directory is equivalent to a virtual disk of the virtual machine. The virtual disk size is specified by a container quota parameter specified when the container is created, and the disk limitation of the container is finally realized by limiting the directory size. The traditional approach is to use linux quota to limit the size of a directory (as shown in fig. 2).
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
and creating an empty virtual disk file with a preset size.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
creating a virtual disk file with a preset size through a sparse file technology and setting attribute information of the virtual disk file.
The attribute information for setting the virtual disk file comprises a file end position.
In an exemplary embodiment, after creating the virtual disk with the preset capacity and before mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory, the method further includes:
and formatting the virtual disk file, and establishing a first file system.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first file system comprises a second generation extension ext2 file system, or a third generation extension ext3 file system, or a fourth generation extension ext4 file system.
In S11, if the container name is ContainerA, the root directory created is/ContainerA.
In S12, a virtual disk may be created by creating an empty virtual disk file of a preset size, formatting the virtual disk file, and creating an ext2 file system. For example: creating an empty virtual disk file rootfs.img (rootfs.img is a file name, which can be arbitrarily specified) with a size of 512M by "dd if/dev/zero of rootfs.img bs-1M count-512"; the virtual disk file is formatted through mkfs.ext2 rootfs.img', and a second generation extension ext2 file system is established. In other embodiments, a third generation extension ext3 file system or a fourth generation extension ext4 file system may also be established.
In S12, a virtual disk may be created by "dd if/dev/zero of rootfs, img bs is 1 mcount, 0seek is 512", and since the sparse file is created without actually occupying space, the file end position is set by seek bs (for example, 521 × 1M is the offset of 512M as the file end), so that the virtual disk creation process is optimized by using the sparse file characteristic, and the virtual disk creation time is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the container creation time. For example, the virtual disk actual measurement creation time created on the Loongson development board with the dominant frequency of 1G is about 3 minutes by "dd if/dev/zero of rootfs.img bs is 1M count 512", which may cause the embedded device to be occupied by the virtual disk creation task for a long time and cause other tasks of the embedded device, such as temperature monitoring or tasks that need to be executed in time, not to get a timely response. And the actual measurement creation time of the virtual disk is about 1 second by "dd if/dev/zero of ro, i.e. img bs-1M count-0 seek-512" on the Loongson development board of the main frequency 1G.
In S12, for convenience of management, a virtual disk may be created under a root directory (e.g.,/container name /), for example, the created empty virtual disk file is rootfs. Of course, the virtual disk may not be created under the root directory (e.g.,/container name /), but the correspondence between the container and the corresponding virtual disk needs to be recorded.
In S13, the created empty root file system directory may be a rootfs directory, i.e., "/container name/rootfs". The directory with the same name as the container name is a root directory, and the root directory is mainly used for storing a rootfs directory, a virtual disk file and other container configuration files. The root file system directory is a rootfs directory under the root directory, the rootfs directory is a root directory which is operated as a container after the container is operated, namely, all processes in the container can regard the rootfs directory as the root directory after the container is operated.
In S14, the created virtual disk may be mounted to the root file system directory. For example, the virtual disk file "/continenara/rootfs.img" is mounted to "/continenara/rootfs" by running "mount-o loop-w rootfs.img ContainerA/rootfs".
At S15, after the virtual disk mount, a root file system may be created under the root file system directory. At this time, the path of the root file system is/ContainerA/rootfs/. Creating a root file system is to copy operating system files and create a series of configuration files according to instructions in the container image file.
According to the embodiment of the application, the created virtual disk with the preset capacity is mounted to the root file system directory, a universal container quota limiting function is achieved, the virtual disk creating process is optimized by using the sparse file characteristics, and the virtual disk creating time is greatly shortened, so that the container creating time is shortened.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a container creation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 3, the container creation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a memory and a processor, where the memory is used for storing a program for creating a container; the processor is configured to read and execute the program for creating the container, and perform the following operations:
creating a root directory of a container to be created;
creating a virtual disk with preset capacity;
creating an empty root file system directory under the root directory;
mounting the virtual disk to the root file system directory;
and creating a root file system under the root file system directory.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
and creating an empty virtual disk file with a preset size.
In an exemplary embodiment, the creating a virtual disk with a preset capacity includes:
creating a virtual disk file with a preset size through a sparse file technology and setting attribute information of the virtual disk file.
In an exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to read and execute the program for container creation, and further perform the following operations:
and formatting the virtual disk file, and establishing a first file system.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first file system comprises a second generation extension ext2 file system, or a third generation extension ext3 file system, or a fourth generation extension ext4 file system.
According to the embodiment of the application, the created virtual disk with the preset capacity is mounted to the root file system directory, a universal container quota limiting function is achieved, the virtual disk creating process is optimized by using the sparse file characteristics, and the virtual disk creating time is greatly shortened, so that the container creating time is shortened.
The present application describes embodiments, but the description is illustrative rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the embodiments described herein. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the drawings and discussed in the detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with or instead of any other feature or element in any other embodiment, unless expressly limited otherwise.
The present application includes and contemplates combinations of features and elements known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments, features and elements disclosed in this application may also be combined with any conventional features or elements to form a unique inventive concept as defined by the claims. Any feature or element of any embodiment may also be combined with features or elements from other inventive aspects to form yet another unique inventive aspect, as defined by the claims. Thus, it should be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in this application may be implemented alone or in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited except as by the appended claims and their equivalents. Furthermore, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Further, in describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented the method and/or process as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. Other orders of steps are possible as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. Further, the claims directed to the method and/or process should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
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| CN116257326A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-13 | 安徽海马云科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for managing container storage space |
| CN116301624A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-23 | 阿里巴巴（中国）有限公司 | Storage area creation method, system, electronic device and computer storage medium |
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