Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an overload and unbalanced load detection structure of a heavy-duty train, which can effectively solve the problem of low accuracy of the conventional overload and unbalanced load detection structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the heavy-duty train overload and unbalance loading detection structure is arranged on a steel rail, a plurality of sleepers arranged at intervals are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the steel rail, and the detection structure comprises weighing units which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a web plate of a rail web of the steel rail; the weighing unit comprises two groups of force measuring sensors which are arranged in the opening of the sleeper at intervals; the weighing unit is symmetrically arranged on two sides of a web plate of a rail web of the rail, wheels are arranged on two sensors of the rail web of the rail through the weight effect of the rail, corresponding changes of shear stress are respectively generated by the two sensors, the change of the shear stress output voltage signal generated by the sensors is in direct proportion to the wheel weight, the change of the shear stress output voltage signal generated by the sensors is in inverse proportion to the distance between the wheel weight (under certain conditions) and the sensors, output voltage signals of the two force measuring sensors in one weighing unit are synthesized, a weighing area with good linearity is formed, and the weighing precision and stability are improved.
Preferably, the two sides of the force measuring sensor are provided with reinforcing components fixed at the bottom of the steel rail, so that the steel rail can be stabilized to pass through a train more stably, and the measuring precision is not influenced by large-amplitude settlement.
Further, the reinforcing component comprises a pre-buried bottom plate and a base fixedly arranged on the pre-buried bottom plate, the bottom of the pre-buried bottom plate is fixed on the concrete hard track bed foundation, the base is connected through the pre-buried bottom plate, and subsequent parts are conveniently installed on the base.
Furthermore, the embedded bottom plate and the concrete hard track bed foundation are connected by adopting a method of combining planting chemical bolts, embedded ground feet and rapid high-strength grouting materials, so that the connection stability is improved.
Furthermore, be equipped with on the base with the fastener of rail butt, the bottom surface and the rail butt of fastener utilize the concrete cement sleeper hard track bed basis of former rail weighbridge, avoid sensor fulcrum (sleeper) fore-and-aft variability, fastener and base can choose for use the bullet strip fastener base, also can be forms such as purpose-made high strength "T type bolt fastener base" or clamp plate fastener base, the stationarity, the security of reinforcing circuit driving.
Furthermore, the number of the reinforcing components is at least one, the smoothness of the fixed steel rail can be increased by increasing the number of the reinforcing components, but the production and manufacturing cost can be correspondingly increased, and the reinforcing components are selected according to the self needs and the detected actual conditions.
Further, install still be equipped with the track insulation annex on the rail of reinforcement subassembly, set up the influence that the track insulation annex help detection structure avoids receiving external environment, improves the reliability.
Preferably, the weighing units are at least two groups, large deviation is avoided through measurement at least twice, errors are reduced, the weighing units can be provided with three groups or four groups, and reliability is further improved.
Preferably, the load cell is a plug-in wheel load cell; or an attached steel rail wheel load force transducer is flexibly selected according to the requirement of the measuring accuracy.
Furthermore, the weighing unit is arranged on a foundation structure of a concrete hard track bed of the original railroad track scale cement sleeper, and can also adopt an integral rigid frame structure to replace the foundation of the concrete cement sleeper hard track bed (or replace a gravel cement sleeper track bed).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
based on the existing dynamic track scale (or static track scale) concrete cement sleeper track bed of the special line, when a train passes through a weighing unit or the front area and the rear area of the weighing unit, uneven settlement of sleepers and sensors of a conventional gravel track bed, which is generated by different wheel weight dynamic loads, can be avoided, when wheels are fundamentally twisted to pass through the weighing unit or the front area and the rear area of the weighing unit, the force measuring sensors acquire uneven discrete data of the existing sleeper settlement, the uneven discrete data are changed into collective true wheel weight data, and the accuracy, reliability and stability of data acquisition are improved to the greatest extent.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of an overload and unbalance loading detection structure of a heavy-duty train according to the present invention is shown, the overload and unbalance loading detection structure of the heavy-duty train is disposed on a steel rail 10, a plurality of sleepers 11 disposed at intervals are disposed at the bottom of the steel rail 10, the overload and unbalance loading detection structure of the heavy-duty train comprises a weighing unit 12, the weighing unit 12 is disposed on a foundation structure of a concrete hard track bed of an original railroad track scale cement sleeper, or an integral rigid frame structure can be adopted to replace a foundation of the concrete cement sleeper hard track bed (or a broken stone cement sleeper bed), the weighing unit 12 is symmetrically disposed at two sides of a web of a rail web of the steel rail 10, the weighing unit 12 comprises two force sensors 13 disposed at intervals in a tie 11 opening, the opening is an area between the three sleepers 11, a damping rubber plate 14 is disposed between the sleepers 11 at two sides of the force sensors 13 and the steel rail 10 to help damping, the sleepers 11 between the load cells 13 are suspended with the steel rail 10, when the wheel enters the running process of the weighing unit 12, the wheel is under the weight action of the steel rail 10, the two load cells 13 arranged on the rail waist of the steel rail 10 respectively generate corresponding changes of shearing stress, the change of the shearing stress output voltage signals generated by the load cells 13 is in direct proportion to the wheel weight, the change of the shearing stress output voltage signals generated by the load cells 13 is in inverse proportion to the distance between the wheel weight and the load cells 13, the output voltage signals of the two load cells 13 in one weighing unit 12 are synthesized to form a weighing area with good linearity, and when the torsion wheel passes through the weighing unit 12 or passes through the front and rear areas of the weighing unit 12 fundamentally, the load cells 13 acquire discrete data of uneven sinking of the existing sleepers 11, the method can acquire the set and true wheel weight data, and improves the accuracy, reliability and stability of data acquisition to the maximum extent.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the two sides of the force sensor 13 are provided with reinforcing components 15 fixed at the bottom of the steel rail 10, each reinforcing component 15 comprises an embedded bottom plate 16 and a base 17 fixed on the embedded bottom plate 16, the bottom of the embedded bottom plate 16 is fixed on a track bed 18, the base 17 is provided with a fastener 19 with the bottom abutting against the steel rail 10, local online reinforcement of the reinforcing components 15 and encryption of the fastener 19 are utilized, longitudinal variability of a fulcrum (sleeper 11) of the force sensor 13 is avoided, stability and safety of line travelling are enhanced, and a rail insulating accessory is further arranged on the steel rail 10, so that when the rail detects the overload of a train, influence of external force is reduced, and railway signals are not interfered.
The method for installing the overload and unbalance loading detection structure of the heavy-duty train comprises the following steps:
firstly, materials are taken in advance according to parameters such as the space and the height of the sleeper 11, the type of the steel rail 10 and the like, a required embedded bottom plate 16 is manufactured, and a reinforced base 17 is welded on the embedded bottom plate 16 in advance.
Secondly, according to the installation size of the pre-manufactured embedded bottom plate 16, for the open space (under the steel rail 10) of the sleepers 11 around each weighing unit 12, a method of planting chemical bolts, pre-embedded ground feet and quick grouting materials is adopted on line, and the embedded bottom plate 16 and the concrete hard track bed foundation are connected.
Thirdly, after the chemical bolts to be planted and the rapid grouting material are solidified, a damping rubber plate 14 with the thickness of 10mm is installed at the bottom of the rail under the steel rail 10, the levelness of the rail is adjusted, and the damping rubber plate 14 above the second sleeper 11 is removed.
Fourthly, installing the rail insulation accessories and the locking fasteners 19 in the reinforced area, installing the force measuring sensors 13 of the weighing units 12, and detecting the overload and unbalance loading of the train.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of an overload and unbalance loading detection structure of a heavy-duty train according to the present invention is shown, the overload and unbalance loading detection structure of the heavy-duty train is disposed on a steel rail 10, a plurality of sleepers 11 disposed at intervals are disposed at the bottom of the steel rail 10, the overload and unbalance loading detection structure of the heavy-duty train comprises a weighing unit 12, the weighing unit 12 is disposed on a foundation structure of a concrete hard track bed of an original railroad track scale cement sleeper, or an integral rigid frame structure can be adopted to replace a foundation of the concrete cement sleeper hard track bed (or a broken stone cement sleeper bed), the weighing unit 12 is symmetrically disposed at two sides of a web of a rail web of the steel rail 10, the weighing unit 12 comprises two force sensors 13 disposed at intervals in a tie 11 opening, the opening is an area between the three sleepers 11, a damping rubber plate 14 is disposed between the sleepers 11 at two sides of the force sensors 13 and the steel rail 10 to help damping, the sleepers 11 between the load cells 13 are suspended with the steel rail 10, when the wheel enters the running process of the weighing unit 12, the wheel is under the weight action of the steel rail 10, the two load cells 13 arranged on the rail waist of the steel rail 10 respectively generate corresponding changes of shearing stress, the change of the shearing stress output voltage signals generated by the load cells 13 is in direct proportion to the wheel weight, the change of the shearing stress output voltage signals generated by the load cells 13 is in inverse proportion to the distance between the wheel weight and the load cells 13, the output voltage signals of the two load cells 13 in one weighing unit 12 are synthesized to form a weighing area with good linearity, and when the torsion wheel passes through the weighing unit 12 or passes through the front and rear areas of the weighing unit 12 fundamentally, the load cells 13 acquire discrete data of uneven sinking of the existing sleepers 11, the method can acquire the set and true wheel weight data, and improves the accuracy, reliability and stability of data acquisition to the maximum extent.
The embodiment is different from the above embodiments, referring to fig. 1-4, the number of the reinforcing assemblies 15 is at least one, the stability can be further increased by increasing the number of the reinforcing assemblies 15, but the production cost is correspondingly increased, the weighing units 12 can be flexibly selected according to the metering accuracy, similarly, the number of the weighing units 12 is at least two, by designing two groups of weighing units 12, a shaft is respectively taken from the front bogie and the rear bogie of a freight train, and the weighing units are used as the arrangement design of the weighing units 12, which is helpful for eliminating the prior art that the front bogie is considered and the rear bogie is ignored (or the rear bogie is considered and the front bogie is ignored), the error caused by the bumping, the left and right shaking of the front bogie and the rear bogie of the train is caused, data are simultaneously collected to the front bogie and the rear bogie as far as possible according to the force balance rule, not only the wheel and shaft weight of the front bogie is collected, only this one reduces the error of about 1/2. Meanwhile, the collected abnormity of the jolting and the left-right shaking of the front bogie and the rear bogie of the vehicle is convenient for the computer to compare the wheel weight data of the secondary passing weighing unit 12 on the same wheel, so that the accurate judgment is carried out, and the accuracy of the overload and unbalanced load detection structure of the heavy-duty train is improved. The force cell 13 is a plug-in wheel load force cell; or for the heavy load weighing cell of attached steel rail, can select according to the requirement of measurement accuracy, when allowing to punch on rail 10, use the formula wheel weight force cell of formula of inserting, when not allowing to punch on rail 10, use attached steel rail wheel weight force cell, improve the degree of adaptation of heavy load train overload and unbalance loading detection structure to the environment.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the technical field of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered by the claims of the present invention.