CN112972972B - Intelligent fire fighting method and system for building safety construction site - Google Patents
Intelligent fire fighting method and system for building safety construction site Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
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- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent fire fighting, and discloses an intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site, which comprises the following steps: deploying a plurality of sensors on a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight; collecting environmental information of a construction site by using the deployed sensor; the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combining multi-source environmental information; if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; and if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm. The invention also provides an intelligent fire fighting system for the building safety construction site. The intelligent fire-fighting system realizes intelligent fire-fighting of a construction site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent fire fighting, in particular to an intelligent fire fighting method and system for a building safety construction site.
Background
Along with the expansion of the urbanization construction of China, the functional structures of buildings in cities are more and more complex, so that construction sites need more kinds of construction electric appliances, the more common fire risks of the construction sites come along, and the problem that how to quickly discover and cure the fire and hidden dangers in the construction sites becomes urgent to solve is solved.
The intelligent fire fighting refers to the construction of a fire fighting system on the basis of the Internet of things by combining a emerging artificial intelligence technology, a big data cloud computing platform and the like, so that the intelligent degree of fire fighting supervision and the timeliness of fire early warning are improved, the fire risk is reduced, and the fire hidden danger is eliminated.
From the development of the current domestic intelligent fire-fighting industry, with the rapid development of the technology of the internet of things and the support of national policies, the development period of the intelligent fire-fighting industry is the high-speed development period in the coming years. However, China is wide in regions and unbalanced in regional development, and only the intelligent fire protection coverage of key places and enterprises is realized at present.
In view of this, how to realize intelligent fire protection in a construction site becomes a problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site, which is characterized in that a plurality of sensors are deployed in the construction site by utilizing a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight, the sensors are utilized to acquire environment information of the construction site, a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environment information is utilized to monitor fire, if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, a fire extinguishing device is utilized to automatically spray water, if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm is utilized to calculate and broadcast personnel evacuation paths of the construction site, and fire alarm is carried out.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site, which comprises the following steps:
deploying a plurality of sensors on a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight;
acquiring environmental information of a construction site by using the deployed sensor, and sending the acquired environmental information to a construction site monitoring host;
the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combining multi-source environmental information;
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; and if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm.
Optionally, the method for calculating the sensor monitoring location weight includes:
performing gridding processing on the sensor deployment area, so as to convert the sensor deployment area into m grids with the size of x y, wherein the length of the sensor deployment area is mx, and the width of the sensor deployment area is my; and setting the position weight of the (i, j) th grid to Wi,jWherein (i, j) represents the coordinates of the grid;
probability P of fire incident based on object in gridi,jLoss cost C caused after fire accidenti,jCalculating a location weight for the grid, wherein the probability of a fire event occurring for an object within the grid depends on the number of electrical objects and wires within the grid,
wherein n isi,jThe number of electrical objects and wires in the (i, j) th grid, ∑ ni,jTotal number of electrical objects and wires within the sensor deployment area;
the position weight W of the (i, j) th gridi,jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Wi,j＝Si,j*Pi,j
position weight W for the (i, j) th gridi,jAnd (3) carrying out standardization treatment:
wherein:
W′i,jto normalize the position weight of the processed (i, j) -th grid.
Optionally, the deploying the sensor by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring location weight includes:
the sensor deployment area comprises a construction site electrical appliance placement area, a construction area and the like, in one specific embodiment of the invention, a temperature monitoring sensor, a humidity monitoring sensor and a smoke monitoring sensor are used as a group of sensors, and a plurality of groups of sensors are deployed in the construction site;
calculating the sensor perception reliability R (i, j) of the (i, j) th grid:
wherein:
(p, q) is the coordinate position of the sensor;
p is the number of sensors placed in the sensor deployment area;
r is the sensing radius of the sensor;
beta is a regulating parameter, which is set to 1.2;
randomly deploying P sensors in m grid areas, and calculating the area perception accuracy after each placement:
and selecting a sensor deployment scheme with the highest regional perception precision to deploy the sensors in the sensor deployment region.
Optionally, the collecting environmental information of the construction site by using the deployed sensor includes:
the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor monitors the environment information of the construction site by using a temperature monitoring element and a resistance type humidity monitoring element, and sends a monitored environment digital signal to the single chip microcomputer at a speed of 40Bit/ms, and the single chip microcomputer converts the received environment digital signal into an analog signal and sends the analog signal to the construction site monitoring host; in a specific embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor is 3.5V, the current is 1.2mA during monitoring, the acquisition range of humidity is 80%, and the acquisition precision of temperature is +/-2 ℃;
the smoke monitoring sensor is made of a tin dioxide gas sensitive material, when the smoke monitoring sensor is contacted with smoke, the electric conductivity can be changed, the higher the smoke concentration is, the higher the electric conductivity is, and the real-time resistivity of the smoke monitoring sensor is sent to a construction site monitoring host.
Optionally, the fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combining multi-source environmental information includes:
1) calculating the difference value of monitoring values of different sensors in the same sensor deployment area:
Diff＝|C1-C2|+|C3-C4|
wherein:
C1,C2monitoring values for a temperature monitoring sensor;
C3,C4monitoring value of a humidity monitoring sensor;
2) calculating the temperature and humidity characteristic values F of the area1：
Wherein:
T1is a set zone temperature and humidity threshold;
3) calculating a smoke feature value F of the region2：
Wherein:
C5,C6monitoring the sensor resistivity for smoke;
T1is a set zone resistivity threshold;
4) characteristic value F ═ F according to region1+F2If T is3<F<T4If the fire hazard exists in the region, F is more than or equal to T4Then the area is deemed to have a fire event, where T3For a set threshold value, T, for monitoring the potential fire hazard in a region4A set regional fire monitoring threshold.
Optionally, the calculating and broadcasting the evacuation path of the people at the construction site by using the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm includes:
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out space structure division on the construction site by using a grid identification method, wherein nodes of a grid are nodes inside the construction site, and effective connecting lines among the nodes are channels of the construction site; in one embodiment of the present invention, the nodes of the grid include three types, a normal node, a barrier node, and a fire node;
2) calculating static and dynamic information of a node, the node NiThe static information of (2) is coordinate information (x) of the nodei,yi) Said node NiThe dynamic information of (T, r)i,ti,ci) Wherein T is a time node during the occurrence of a fire, riIs node NiNumber of persons in (1), tiTemperature in the vicinity of the node, ciIs the carbon monoxide concentration near the node;
3) the iteration number of the initialization algorithm is N, and the initial time T0For people at different nodes, different evacuation paths are calculated and broadcasted;
4) calculating the probability of the evacuation people moving among different normal nodes by using a heuristic function based on the fire index, wherein the heuristic function based on the fire index is as follows:
wherein:
fij(T) is the heuristic function value that moves from normal node i to normal node j at time T, the higher the heuristic function value, i.e. the higher the probability of selecting this path is said to be;
pij(T) is the temperature influence coefficient of the channel between the normal node i and the normal node j at the time T;
qij(T) is the carbon monoxide concentration influence coefficient of the channel from the normal node i to the normal node j at the time T;
Lijthe length of a channel from a normal node i to a normal node j;
δijthe traffic barrier coefficient between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
v is the walking speed of the evacuated people under normal conditions;
vijthe walking speed of the evacuated people between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
rho is a heuristic function factor, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention dynamically adjusts the heuristic function factor, and the dynamic adjustment formula is:
ρ0is the minimum value of rho; after the optimal path is calculated by the algorithm, the algorithm has no obvious change after N iterations, the global search capability of the algorithm is improved by reducing the rho value, and the algorithm is prevented from falling into local optimization; meanwhile, the minimum value range of the rho value is set to avoid the convergence speed from becoming slow due to the fact that the factor of the heuristic function is too low;
repeating the steps until all the personnel finish the evacuation of the fire scene, obtaining the evacuation route of the personnel, and recording the time T' at the moment;
5) judging whether the iteration times N of the algorithm are reached, if so, calculating the evacuation time T' -T of the N personnel evacuation paths0Selecting a personnel evacuation path with the least evacuation time for broadcasting; if not, returning to the step 4).
In addition, in order to achieve the above objects, the present invention also provides an intelligent fire fighting system for a construction safety site, the system comprising:
the construction site information acquisition device is used for deploying a plurality of sensors on the construction site by utilizing a sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight;
the data processor is used for acquiring the environmental information of the construction site by using the deployed sensor and sending the acquired environmental information to the construction site monitoring host;
the fire-fighting evacuation device is used for receiving the environmental information sent by the sensor and monitoring fire by using a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environmental information; if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; and if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon intelligent fire protection program instructions executable by one or more processors to implement the steps of the implementation method for intelligent fire protection of a building safety construction site as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site, which has the following advantages:
first, the present invention provides a method for monitoring location based rightsA heavy sensor deployment algorithm, namely deploying a plurality of sensors in a sensor deployment area of a construction site, and firstly, carrying out gridding treatment on the sensor deployment area so as to convert the sensor deployment area into m grids with the size of x y, wherein the length of the sensor deployment area is mx, and the width of the sensor deployment area is my; and setting the position weight of the (i, j) th grid to Wi,jWherein (i, j) represents the coordinates of the grid; probability P of fire incident based on object in gridi,jLoss cost C caused after fire accidenti,jCalculating a location weight for the grid, wherein the probability of a fire event occurring for an object within the grid depends on the number of electrical objects and wires within the grid,
wherein n isi,jThe number of electrical objects and wires in the (i, j) th grid, ∑ ni,jTotal number of electrical objects and wires within the sensor deployment area; the position weight W of the (i, j) th gridi,jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Wi,j＝Si,j*Pi,j
and the position weight W to the (i, j) th gridi,jAnd (3) carrying out standardization treatment:
calculating the sensor perception reliability R (i, j) of the (i, j) th grid:
wherein: (p, q) is the coordinate position of the sensor; p is the number of sensors placed in the sensor deployment area; r is the sensing radius of the sensor; beta is an adjusting parameter; randomly deploying P sensors in m grid areas, and calculating the area perception accuracy after each placement:
and selecting a sensor deployment scheme with the highest regional perception precision to deploy the sensors in the sensor deployment region. Compared with the prior art, the method is based on the probability P of the fire incident of the object in the gridi,jLoss cost C caused after fire accidenti,jCalculating the position weight of the grid, obtaining the region perception precision under different sensor deployment schemes based on the position weight of the grid region and the perception reliability of the sensor, selecting the sensor deployment scheme with the highest region perception precision, and deploying the sensor in the sensor deployment region, so that the deployed sensor can realize more accurate environment monitoring.
The invention provides an evacuation path calculation method combining an optimization algorithm, which is characterized in that a construction site is divided into space structures by utilizing a grid identification method, wherein nodes of a grid are nodes inside the construction site, and effective connecting lines among the nodes are channels of the construction site; calculating static and dynamic information of a node, the node NiThe static information of (2) is coordinate information (x) of the nodei,yi) Said node NiThe dynamic information of (T, r)i,ti,ci) Wherein T is a time node during the occurrence of a fire, riIs node NiNumber of persons in (1), tiTemperature in the vicinity of the node, ciIs the carbon monoxide concentration near the node; the iteration number of the initialization algorithm is N, and the initial time T0For people at different nodes, different evacuation paths are calculated and broadcasted; calculating the probability of the evacuation people moving among different normal nodes by using a heuristic function based on the fire index, wherein the heuristic function based on the fire index is as follows:
wherein: f. ofij(T) is the heuristic function value that moves from normal node i to normal node j at time T, the higher the heuristic function value, i.e. the higher the probability of selecting this path is said to be; p is a radical ofij(T) is the temperature influence coefficient of the channel between the normal node i and the normal node j at the time T; q. q.sij(T) is the carbon monoxide concentration influence coefficient of the channel from the normal node i to the normal node j at the time T; l isijThe length of a channel from a normal node i to a normal node j; deltaijThe traffic barrier coefficient between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained; v is the walking speed of the evacuated people under normal conditions; v. ofijThe walking speed of the evacuated people between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained; rho is a heuristic function factor, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention dynamically adjusts the heuristic function factor, and the dynamic adjustment formula is:
ρ0is the minimum value of rho; repeating the steps until all the personnel finish the evacuation of the fire scene, obtaining the evacuation route of the personnel, and recording the time T' at the moment; judging whether the iteration times N of the algorithm are reached, if so, calculating the evacuation time T' -T of the N personnel evacuation paths0Selecting a personnel evacuation path with the least evacuation time for broadcasting; compared with the prior art, the method introduces the channel temperature, the carbon monoxide concentration and the traffic barrier coefficient under the fire environment to establish the heuristic function, selects the path with the maximum heuristic function value as the evacuation path with higher probability according to the heuristic function values among different nodes, thereby obtaining more accurate evacuation paths through simulation calculation, after the optimal path is calculated through the algorithm,after N iterations, no obvious change exists, the global search capability of the algorithm is improved by reducing the rho value of the heuristic function factor, and the algorithm is prevented from falling into local optimum; and meanwhile, the minimum value range of the rho value is set to avoid the convergence speed from becoming slow due to the fact that the factor of the heuristic function is too low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an intelligent fire fighting method for a construction safety site according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent fire fighting system for a building safety construction site according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method comprises the steps of deploying a plurality of sensors on a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight, collecting environmental information of the construction site by using the sensors, monitoring a fire by using a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environmental information, automatically spraying water by using a fire extinguishing device if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, calculating and broadcasting a personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, and alarming the fire. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of an intelligent fire fighting method for a construction safety site according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
In this embodiment, an intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site includes:
and S1, deploying a plurality of sensors on the construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight.
Firstly, a plurality of sensors are deployed in a sensor deployment area of a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight, wherein the sensor deployment area comprises a construction site electrical appliance placement area, a construction area and the like;
the sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight comprises the following steps:
1) performing gridding processing on the sensor deployment area, so as to convert the sensor deployment area into m grids with the size of x y, wherein the length of the sensor deployment area is mx, and the width of the sensor deployment area is my; and setting the position weight of the (i, j) th grid to Wi,jWherein (i, j) represents the coordinates of the grid;
2) probability P of fire incident based on object in gridi,jLoss cost C caused after fire accidenti,jCalculating a location weight for the grid, wherein the probability of a fire event occurring for an object within the grid depends on the number of electrical objects and wires within the grid,
wherein n isi,jThe number of electrical objects and wires in the (i, j) th grid, ∑ ni,jTotal number of electrical objects and wires within the sensor deployment area;
the position weight W of the (i, j) th gridi,jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Wi,j＝Si,j*Pi,j
3) position weight W for the (i, j) th gridi,jAnd (3) carrying out standardization treatment:
4) calculating the sensor perception reliability R (i, j) of the (i, j) th grid:
wherein:
(p, q) is the coordinate position of the sensor;
p is the number of sensors placed in the sensor deployment area;
r is the sensing radius of the sensor;
beta is a regulating parameter, which is set to 1.2;
5) randomly deploying P sensors in m grid areas, and calculating the area perception accuracy after each placement:
and selecting a sensor deployment scheme with the highest regional perception precision to deploy the sensors in the sensor deployment region.
And S2, collecting the environmental information of the construction site by using the deployed sensors, and sending the collected environmental information to the construction site monitoring host.
Further, the invention utilizes the deployed sensor to collect the environmental information of the construction site, and the process of collecting the environmental information by the sensor comprises the following steps:
the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor monitors the environment information of the construction site by using a temperature monitoring element and a resistance type humidity monitoring element, and sends a monitored environment digital signal to the single chip microcomputer at a speed of 40Bit/ms, and the single chip microcomputer converts the received environment digital signal into an analog signal and sends the analog signal to the construction site monitoring host; in a specific embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor is 3.5V, the current is 1.2mA during monitoring, the acquisition range of humidity is 80%, and the acquisition precision of temperature is +/-2 ℃;
the smoke monitoring sensor is made of a tin dioxide gas sensitive material, when the smoke monitoring sensor is contacted with smoke, the electric conductivity can be changed, the higher the smoke concentration is, the higher the electric conductivity is, and the real-time resistivity of the smoke monitoring sensor is sent to a construction site monitoring host.
And S3, the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor, and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environmental information.
Further, the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor, and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environmental information, wherein the flow of the fire monitoring algorithm combined with the multi-source environmental information is as follows:
1) calculating the difference value of monitoring values of different sensors in the same sensor deployment area:
Diff＝|C1-C2|+|C3-C4|
wherein:
C1,C2monitoring values for a temperature monitoring sensor;
C3,C4monitoring value of a humidity monitoring sensor;
2) calculating the temperature and humidity characteristic values F of the area1：
Wherein:
T1is a set zone temperature and humidity threshold;
3) calculating a smoke feature value F of the region2：
Wherein:
C5,C6monitoring the sensor resistivity for smoke;
T1is a set zone resistivity threshold;
4) characteristic value F ═ F according to region1+F2If T is3<F<T4If the fire hazard exists in the region, F is more than or equal to T4Then the area is deemed to have a fire event, where T3For a set threshold value, T, for monitoring the potential fire hazard in a region4A set regional fire monitoring threshold.
S4, if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; and if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm.
Further, if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out space structure division on the construction site by using a grid identification method, wherein nodes of a grid are nodes inside the construction site, and effective connecting lines among the nodes are channels of the construction site; in one embodiment of the present invention, the nodes of the grid include three types, a normal node, a barrier node, and a fire node;
2) calculating static and dynamic information of a node, the node NiThe static information of (2) is coordinate information (x) of the nodei,yi) Said node NiThe dynamic information of (T, r)i,ti,ci) Wherein T is a time node during the occurrence of a fire, riIs node NiNumber of persons in (1), tiTemperature in the vicinity of the node, ciIs the carbon monoxide concentration near the node;
3) the iteration number of the initialization algorithm is N, and the initial time T0For people at different nodes, different evacuation paths are calculated and broadcasted;
4) calculating the probability of the evacuation people moving among different normal nodes by using a heuristic function based on the fire index, wherein the heuristic function based on the fire index is as follows:
wherein:
fij(T) is the heuristic function value that moves from normal node i to normal node j at time T, the higher the heuristic function value, i.e. the higher the probability of selecting this path is said to be;
pij(T) is the temperature influence coefficient of the channel between the normal node i and the normal node j at the time T;
qij(T) is the carbon monoxide concentration influence coefficient of the channel from the normal node i to the normal node j at the time T;
Lijthe length of a channel from a normal node i to a normal node j;
δijthe traffic barrier coefficient between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
v is the walking speed of the evacuated people under normal conditions;
vijthe walking speed of the evacuated people between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
rho is a heuristic function factor, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention dynamically adjusts the heuristic function factor, and the dynamic adjustment formula is:
ρ0is the minimum value of rho; after the optimal path is calculated by the algorithm, and no obvious change is caused after N iterations, the rho is reducedThe global search capability of the algorithm is improved by the value, and the algorithm is prevented from falling into local optimum; meanwhile, the minimum value range of the rho value is set to avoid the convergence speed from becoming slow due to the fact that the factor of the heuristic function is too low;
repeating the steps until all the personnel finish the evacuation of the fire scene, obtaining the evacuation route of the personnel, and recording the time T' at the moment;
5) judging whether the iteration times N of the algorithm are reached, if so, calculating the evacuation time T' -T of the N personnel evacuation paths0Selecting a personnel evacuation path with the least evacuation time for broadcasting; if not, returning to the step 4).
The following describes embodiments of the present invention through an algorithmic experiment and tests of the inventive treatment method. The hardware test environment of the algorithm of the invention is as follows: inter (R) core (TM) i7-6700K CPU with software Matlab2018 a; the comparison method is an intelligent fire fighting method based on a graph algorithm and an intelligent fire fighting method based on a decision tree.
In the algorithm experiment, the data set is 10G of construction site fire simulation data. According to the experiment, the fire simulation data of the construction site is input into the intelligent fire-fighting method, the success rate of personnel evacuation is used as an evaluation index of feasibility of the method, and the higher the success rate of personnel evacuation is, the higher the effectiveness and the feasibility of the intelligent fire-fighting method are.
According to the experimental result, the personnel evacuation success rate of the intelligent fire fighting method based on the graph algorithm is 83.1%, the personnel evacuation success rate of the intelligent fire fighting method based on the decision tree is 79.34%, and the personnel evacuation success rate of the intelligent fire fighting method based on the decision tree is 86.73%.
The invention further provides an intelligent fire fighting system for the building safety construction site. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an intelligent fire fighting system for a construction site according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the intelligent fire fighting system 1 for a building safety construction site at least comprises a construction site information acquisition device 11, a data processor 12, a fire evacuation device 13, a communication bus 14, and a network interface 15.
The construction site information acquiring device 11 may be a PC (Personal Computer), a terminal device such as a smart phone, a tablet Computer, or a mobile Computer, or may be a server.
The data processor 12 includes at least one type of readable storage medium including flash memory, hard disks, multi-media cards, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), magnetic memory, magnetic disks, optical disks, and the like. The data processor 12 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the intelligent fire protection system 1 for a building security construction site, for example a hard disk of the intelligent fire protection system 1 for a building security construction site. The data processor 12 may also be an external storage device of the Smart fire protection system 1 for the building security construction site in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the Smart fire protection system 1 for the building security construction site, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like. Further, the data processor 12 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device for the intelligent fire protection system 1 for a building security construction site. The data processor 12 may be used not only to store application software installed in the intelligent fire fighting system 1 for a building security construction site and various kinds of data, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
The fire evacuation device 13 may be, in some embodiments, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other data Processing chip for running program code stored in the data processor 12 or Processing data, such as intelligent fire program instructions.
The communication bus 14 is used to enable connection communication between these components.
The network interface 15 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface (e.g., WI-FI interface), and is typically used to establish a communication link between the system 1 and other electronic devices.
Optionally, the system 1 may further comprise a user interface, which may comprise a Display (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), and optionally a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch device, or the like. The display, which may also be referred to as a display screen or display unit, is used, among other things, for displaying information processed in the intelligent fire fighting system 1 for a building safety construction site and for displaying a visual user interface.
While fig. 2 shows only the intelligent fire protection system 1 with components 11-15 and for a building safety construction site, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 1 does not constitute a limitation of the intelligent fire protection system 1 for a building safety construction site, and may include fewer or more components than shown, or some components in combination, or a different arrangement of components.
In the embodiment of the device 1 shown in fig. 2, the data processor 12 stores therein intelligent fire-fighting program instructions; the steps of the fire evacuation device 13 executing the intelligent fire-fighting program instructions stored in the data processor 12 are the same as the implementation method of the intelligent fire-fighting method for the building security construction site, and are not described herein.
Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon intelligent fire protection program instructions executable by one or more processors to implement the following operations:
deploying a plurality of sensors on a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight;
acquiring environmental information of a construction site by using the deployed sensor, and sending the acquired environmental information to a construction site monitoring host;
the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combining multi-source environmental information;
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; and if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description, and do not represent the merits of the embodiments. And the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article, or method that includes the element.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (e.g., a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An intelligent fire fighting method for a building safety construction site, characterized in that the method comprises:
deploying a plurality of sensors on a construction site by using a sensor deployment algorithm based on monitoring position weight;
acquiring environmental information of a construction site by using the deployed sensor, and sending the acquired environmental information to a construction site monitoring host;
the construction site monitoring host receives the environmental information sent by the sensor and carries out fire monitoring by using a fire monitoring algorithm combining multi-source environmental information;
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the calculation method of the weight of the monitoring position of the sensor comprises the following steps:
performing gridding processing on the sensor deployment area, so as to convert the sensor deployment area into m grids with the size of x y, wherein the length of the sensor deployment area is mx, and the width of the sensor deployment area is my; and setting the position weight of the (i, j) th grid to Wi，jWherein (i, j) represents the coordinates of the grid;
probability P of fire incident based on object in gridi，jLoss cost C caused after fire accidentijCalculating a location weight for the grid, wherein the probability of a fire event occurring for an object within the grid depends on the number of electrical objects and wires within the grid,
wherein n isi，jThe number of electrical objects and wires in the (i, j) th grid, ∑ ni，jTo transmitTotal number of electrical objects and wires within the sensor deployment area;
the position weight W of the (i, j) th gridi，jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Wi，j＝Si，j*Pi，j
position weight W for the (i, j) th gridi，jAnd (3) carrying out standardization treatment:
wherein:
W′i，jposition weight of the (i, j) th grid after normalization processing;
the sensor deployment by using the sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight comprises the following steps:
calculating the sensor perception reliability R (i, j) of the (i, j) th grid:
wherein:
(p, q) is the coordinate position of the sensor;
p is the number of sensors placed in the sensor deployment area;
r is the sensing radius of the sensor;
beta is a regulating parameter, which is set to 1.2;
randomly deploying P sensors in m grid areas, and calculating the area perception accuracy after each placement:
selecting a sensor deployment scheme with highest regional perception precision, and deploying the sensors in the sensor deployment region;
the environmental information of utilizing the sensor collection construction site who deploys includes:
the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor monitors the environment information of the construction site by using a temperature monitoring element and a resistance type humidity monitoring element, and sends a monitored environment digital signal to the single chip microcomputer at a speed of 40Bit/ms, and the single chip microcomputer converts the received environment digital signal into an analog signal and sends the analog signal to the construction site monitoring host;
the smoke monitoring sensor is made of a tin dioxide gas-sensitive material, when the smoke monitoring sensor is contacted with smoke, the electric conductivity is changed, wherein the larger the smoke concentration is, the larger the electric conductivity is, and the real-time resistivity of the smoke monitoring sensor is sent to a construction site monitoring host;
the fire monitoring by using the fire monitoring algorithm combining the multi-source environmental information comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the difference value of monitoring values of different sensors in the same sensor deployment area:
Diff＝|C1-C2|+|C3-C4|
wherein:
C1，C2monitoring values for a temperature monitoring sensor;
C3，C4monitoring value of a humidity monitoring sensor;
2) calculating the temperature and humidity characteristic values F of the area1：
Wherein:
T1is a set zone temperature and humidity threshold;
3) calculating a smoke feature value F of the region2：
Wherein:
C5，C6monitoring the sensor resistivity for smoke;
T1is a set zone resistivity threshold;
4) characteristic value F ═ F according to region1+F2If T is3＜F＜T4If the fire hazard exists in the region, F is more than or equal to T4Then the area is deemed to have a fire event, where T3For a set threshold value, T, for monitoring the potential fire hazard in a region4A set regional fire monitoring threshold;
the method for calculating and broadcasting the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out space structure division on the construction site by using a grid identification method, wherein nodes of a grid are nodes inside the construction site, and effective connecting lines among the nodes are channels of the construction site;
2) calculating static and dynamic information of a node, the node NiThe static information of (2) is coordinate information (x) of the nodei，yi) Said node NiThe dynamic information of (T, r)i，ti，ci) Wherein T is a time node during the occurrence of a fire, riIs node NiNumber of persons in (1), tiTemperature in the vicinity of the node, ciIs the carbon monoxide concentration near the node;
3) the iteration number of the initialization algorithm is N, and the initial time T0For people at different nodes, different evacuation paths are calculated and broadcasted;
4) calculating the probability of the evacuation people moving among different normal nodes by using a heuristic function based on the fire index, wherein the heuristic function based on the fire index is as follows:
wherein:
fij(T) is the heuristic function value that moves from normal node i to normal node j at time T, the higher the heuristic function value, i.e. the higher the probability of selecting this path is said to be;
pij(T) is the temperature influence coefficient of the channel between the normal node i and the normal node j at the time T;
qij(T) is the carbon monoxide concentration influence coefficient of the channel from the normal node i to the normal node j at the time T;
Lijthe length of a channel from a normal node i to a normal node j;
δijthe traffic barrier coefficient between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
v is the walking speed of the evacuated people under normal conditions;
vijthe walking speed of the evacuated people between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
rho is a heuristic function factor;
repeating the steps until all the personnel finish the evacuation of the fire scene, obtaining the evacuation route of the personnel, and recording the time T' at the moment;
5) judging whether the iteration times N of the algorithm is reached, if so, calculating the evacuation routes of N kinds of peopleScattering time T' -T0Selecting a personnel evacuation path with the least evacuation time for broadcasting; if not, returning to the step 4).
2. The utility model provides an wisdom fire extinguishing system for building safety construction place, its characterized in that, the system includes:
the construction site information acquisition device is used for deploying a plurality of sensors on the construction site by utilizing a sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight;
the data processor is used for acquiring the environmental information of the construction site by using the deployed sensor and sending the acquired environmental information to the construction site monitoring host;
the fire-fighting evacuation device is used for receiving the environmental information sent by the sensor and monitoring fire by using a fire monitoring algorithm combined with multi-source environmental information; if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the calculation method of the weight of the monitoring position of the sensor comprises the following steps:
performing gridding processing on the sensor deployment area, so as to convert the sensor deployment area into m grids with the size of x y, wherein the length of the sensor deployment area is mx, and the width of the sensor deployment area is my; and setting the position weight of the (i, j) th grid to Wi，jWherein (i, j) represents the coordinates of the grid;
probability P of fire incident based on object in gridi，jLoss cost C caused after fire accidenti，jCalculating a location weight for the grid, wherein the probability of a fire event occurring for an object within the grid depends on the number of electrical objects and wires within the grid,
wherein n isi，jFor appliances in the (i, j) th gridNumber of objects and wires, ∑ ni，jTotal number of electrical objects and wires within the sensor deployment area;
the position weight W of the (i, j) th gridi，jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Wi，j＝Sj，j*Pi，j
position weight W for the (i, j) th gridi，jAnd (3) carrying out standardization treatment:
wherein:
W′i，jposition weight of the (i, j) th grid after normalization processing;
the sensor deployment by using the sensor deployment algorithm based on the monitoring position weight comprises the following steps:
calculating the sensor perception reliability R (i, j) of the (i, j) th grid:
wherein:
(p, q) is the coordinate position of the sensor;
p is the number of sensors placed in the sensor deployment area;
r is the sensing radius of the sensor;
beta is a regulating parameter, which is set to 1.2;
randomly deploying P sensors in m grid areas, and calculating the area perception accuracy after each placement:
selecting a sensor deployment scheme with highest regional perception precision, and deploying the sensors in the sensor deployment region;
the environmental information of utilizing the sensor collection construction site who deploys includes:
the temperature and humidity monitoring sensor monitors the environment information of the construction site by using a temperature monitoring element and a resistance type humidity monitoring element, and sends a monitored environment digital signal to the single chip microcomputer at a speed of 40Bit/ms, and the single chip microcomputer converts the received environment digital signal into an analog signal and sends the analog signal to the construction site monitoring host;
the smoke monitoring sensor is made of a tin dioxide gas-sensitive material, when the smoke monitoring sensor is contacted with smoke, the electric conductivity is changed, wherein the larger the smoke concentration is, the larger the electric conductivity is, and the real-time resistivity of the smoke monitoring sensor is sent to a construction site monitoring host;
the fire monitoring by using the fire monitoring algorithm combining the multi-source environmental information comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the difference value of monitoring values of different sensors in the same sensor deployment area:
Diff＝|C1-C2|+|C3-C4|
wherein:
C1，C2monitoring values for a temperature monitoring sensor;
C3，C4monitoring value of a humidity monitoring sensor;
2) calculating the temperature and humidity characteristic values F of the area1：
Wherein:
T1is a set zone temperature and humidity threshold;
3) computing regionsCharacteristic value of smoke F2：
Wherein:
C5，C6monitoring the sensor resistivity for smoke;
T1is a set zone resistivity threshold;
4) characteristic value F ═ F according to region1+F2If T is3＜F＜T4If the fire hazard exists in the region, F is more than or equal to T4Then the area is deemed to have a fire event, where T3For a set threshold value, T, for monitoring the potential fire hazard in a region4A set regional fire monitoring threshold;
the method for calculating and broadcasting the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
if the fire hazard of the construction site is monitored, the construction site monitoring host automatically starts the fire extinguishing device to spray water; if the construction site is monitored to have a fire, the construction site monitoring host computer calculates and broadcasts the personnel evacuation path of the construction site by using an evacuation path calculation method combined with an optimization algorithm, and simultaneously carries out fire alarm;
the evacuation path calculation method combined with the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out space structure division on the construction site by using a grid identification method, wherein nodes of a grid are nodes inside the construction site, and effective connecting lines among the nodes are channels of the construction site;
2) calculating static and dynamic information of a node, the node NiThe static information of (2) is coordinate information (x) of the nodei，yi) Said node NiThe dynamic information of (T, r)i，ti，ci) Wherein T is a time node during the occurrence of a fire, riIs node NiNumber of persons in (1), tiTemperature in the vicinity of the node, ciIs the carbon monoxide concentration near the node;
3) the iteration number of the initialization algorithm is N, and the initial time T0For people at different nodes, different evacuation paths are calculated and broadcasted;
4) calculating the probability of the evacuation people moving among different normal nodes by using a heuristic function based on the fire index, wherein the heuristic function based on the fire index is as follows:
wherein:
fij(T) is the heuristic function value that moves from normal node i to normal node j at time T, the higher the heuristic function value, i.e. the higher the probability of selecting this path is said to be;
pij(T) is the temperature influence coefficient of the channel between the normal node i and the normal node j at the time T;
qij(T) is the carbon monoxide concentration influence coefficient of the channel from the normal node i to the normal node j at the time T;
Lijthe length of a channel from a normal node i to a normal node j;
δijthe traffic barrier coefficient between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
v is the walking speed of the evacuated people under normal conditions;
vijthe walking speed of the evacuated people between the normal node i and the normal node j is obtained;
rho is a heuristic function factor;
repeating the steps until all the personnel finish the evacuation of the fire scene, obtaining the evacuation route of the personnel, and recording the time T' at the moment;
5) judging whether the algorithm iteration times are reached at the momentCounting N, if so, calculating the evacuation time T' -T of the N personnel evacuation paths0Selecting a personnel evacuation path with the least evacuation time for broadcasting; if not, returning to the step 4).
3. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon intelligent fire protection program instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the steps of the method of claim 1 for intelligent fire protection at a building security construction site.
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