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CN112834436A - 一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法 - Google Patents

一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法 Download PDF

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CN112834436A
CN112834436A CN201911166471.9A CN201911166471A CN112834436A CN 112834436 A CN112834436 A CN 112834436A CN 201911166471 A CN201911166471 A CN 201911166471A CN 112834436 A CN112834436 A CN 112834436A
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丁逸圣
陈育宗
陈柏松
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Dalian Zhaojing Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于光谱检测、农产品/食品/医药品/石化产品的检测、精准量测技术领域,公开了一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法。本发明利用发光二极管发射出的光源,照射待测物体,并且利用此光源的波长可调变性以及频率/强度可调变性,能有效地提升光谱测试中的讯号/噪声比,达到测试精准的效果。利用单一发光二极管发光半高宽较窄的特性,整合不同波段的发光二极管,使光源具备波长可调变性。且因波长可调,可以针对待测物体发射光谱强度较低的地方补充照射光强度,达到提高讯号/噪声比的目的。以上方式,可以利用不同波段的补光,针对特定低强度光谱处进行细微分析,达到精确量测的目的,更便于广泛使用,具有实用性和推广性。

Description

一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法
技术领域
本发明属于光谱检测、农产品/食品/医药品/石化产品的检测、精准量测技术领域,本发明涉及一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法。
背景技术
光谱检测技术由于具有快速、无损的特点,已成为一种非常受欢迎的检测技术,它适用于规模化、自动化的工业生产,若为近红外光谱可用于农产品/食品/医药品/石化产品的线下或在线检测,实现各种产品的成品品检/生产过程分级,使用过程监控等目的。而光源是光谱检测技术中极其重要的一环,光源照射被测物体后,由被测物的吸收或反射行为,为检测技术提供需要的光谱。
当前用于农产品/食品/医药品/石化产品的可见近红外光谱检测技术所使用的光源主要是卤钨灯,在现有的技术中已存在一些利用卤钨灯进行可见近外光谱检测的装置,但是卤钨灯具有发热量大,温度高、启动关闭时间长,不同光源间光谱不一致等缺点,而由于发热量大,温度高的原因,当利用此类光源进行一些有机产品(如鸡蛋)的测试时,会对待测物体造成质变,会严重影响检测结果。
此外,在光谱的测试中,提取光源照射被测物体之后的反射或是吸收光谱,若遇到背景光讯号较强或是改变的时候,将会影响所采集到的光谱结果、影响测试结果的判读。一般为了避免背景讯号的干扰可以采取两种做法;一种为在暗室测试,即隔绝外围的光讯号,可以较清楚的获得所需要的光谱数据,但在实务上无法所有的测试都在暗室,此类的装置应用相当受限。另一种为提高照射光源光强,利用高强度的照射光使待测物体发射出更强的受激发光,使背景噪声所占比例降低,以达到提高讯杂比一致性的目的。而因为光谱讯号是为强度有高低的谱线图形,若遇到待测物体吸收较强的波段,受激发光强度低,会造成整个谱线的讯杂比不一致,在强度低的部分讯杂比大。若我们所要观察的讯号主要来自光谱强度低的波段时,便容易出现判别上的困扰。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,本发明提供一种用于光谱检测的可调节光源。本发明能够利用发光二极管发射出的光源,照射待测物体,并且利用此光源的波长可调变性以及频率/强度可调变性,能有效地提升光谱测试中的讯号/噪声比,达到测试精准的效果。利用单一发光二极管发光半高宽较窄的特性,整合不同波段的发光二极管,使光源具备波长可调变性。此外,由于发光二极管具有发光启动与关闭时间极短的特性(一般小于1mS)能将光源以脉冲、正负弦波等改变频率的方式做发光,由于光源之发光频率波形可调,可以利用增加脉冲数量的方式达到改变照射强度的效果,且因波长可调,可以针对待测物体发射光谱强度较低的地方补充照射光强度,达到提高讯号/噪声比的目的。以上方式,可以利用不同波段的补光,针对特定低强度光谱处进行细微分析,达到精确量测的目的,更便于广泛使用,具有实用性和推广性。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,包括检测系统,检测系统包括LED发光源、收光系统、光源控制器、温控系统和计算机。光源控制器和温控系统连接在LED发光源上,主要控制LED光源的发光和温度;计算机连接着光源控制器、温控系统以及收光系统,控制整个测试过程;其中采用发光二极管LED作为发光源,此发光源包含两种以上的发光二极管,利用光源控制器可以将不同波长的发光二极管发光强度可分别调变,并根据待测物体的发射光谱调整发光二极管的发光强度,发光二极管的发光峰值波长间隔15nm以上;此发光源在进行光谱量测时可依波长分区发光,包含一收光系统,分别由光接收端收集不同波长发光源时所量测到的讯号,形成一完整的光谱;依照光谱讯号,将光谱讯号较弱处的光源强度做调整,得到一强度较均匀的新光谱,并此以调整后之光源进行量测;在进行量测时利用温控系统,将发光源之温度控制在±5℃内。
进一步的,所述的发光二极管,其发光波长在380-1500nm之间;
进一步的,所述的发光二极管,其发光方式可为非连续形式;
进一步的,所述的发光二极管,其非连续形式发光的讯号波形,可为方波/正弦波/负弦波;
进一步的,所述的收光系统包含透镜、光谱仪或单点光传感器;
进一步的,所述的待测物体的发射光谱,可为光谱仪或光传感器所接受的待测物体受激发后的发射光谱、反射光谱或漫射光谱;
进一步的,所述的根据待测物体的发射光谱调整发光二极管的发光强度,可为增加或减少发光二极管驱动电流,或增加或改变发光二极管的发光脉冲数量;
进一步的,所述的光接收端可为光谱仪或单点光传感器;
进一步的,所述的温控系统,用来控制光源发光时的温度控制在±5℃内。
LED(Light Emitting Diodes),是一种较新型且已普及的光源,中文名称叫发光二极管,是一种利用固态半导体材料制作的电子器件。具有小体积、高效率、启动/关闭时间短,半高宽窄等特点。为了避免卤钨灯的高热量对待测物体产生破坏,利用LED启动关闭时间极短的特性,利用改变LED的发光频率,以脉冲的形式照射待测物体,如此可以在极短的时间用高光强光源取的良好的光谱数据,且因为照射时间短,不易引起待测物体的质变,可以将近红外光光的测试应用扩大,可以测序多对热源反应较为敏感的待测物体。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是:
本发明能够发射出波长范围在380-1500nm之间的组合光谱,并且可以通过控制每一组不同波长的LED输入电流,实现不同组合的发光光谱输出,对于不同待测物体可以选择不同的光谱光源,增加光谱量测精确度。
本发明根据不同检测物的需求,该光源既可以用于透射检测,也可以用于反射检测。本发明可以透过光源控制器将光源依照待测物体的受激光谱做调整,将待测物体受激光谱强度较低的波段补上光强,使低强度受激波段强度提高。针对特定低强度光谱处进行细微分析,达到精确量测的目的;此外,由于发射的光线可为脉冲,可以大幅减低待测物所受之热能,避免待测物体受到过多的热能影响产生质变,可以进行有机体的检测或是对热源敏感物体的近红外光光谱检测。此外,由于可采取脉冲发光,可以将LED的瞬间电流加大,例如采取1/3duty cycle(工作周期)发光时,可将LED的输入功率加大到额定功率的三倍,如此符合LED的顺时最大驱动条件,也可获取最大的光源强度,并且由于仍是采取频率发光,亦不会造成热效应的影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的整体示意图。
图2为本发明LED发光源发光讯号波形谱图。
图3为应用例小麦冠层叶片之受激光源谱图。
图4为误差测试图。
图5为补光重测后待测物的受激光源谱图。
图6为补光重测后误差测试图。
图中:101.若干LED光源;201.光源控制器;301.温控系统;401.收光系统。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例详述本发明,但不限制本发明的保护范围。如无特殊说明,本发明所采用的实验方法均为常规方法,所用实验器材、材料、试剂等均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,如图1所示,包括如下部件;
S100,提供若干LED光源101;
具体的,其发光波长在380-1500nm之间、其发光方式可为非连续形式、其非连续形式发光之讯号波形,可为方波/正弦波/负弦波、不同LED发光二极管之发光峰值波长间隔15nm以上、不同颗LED光源的发光是独立控制的。
S200,提供一种光源控制器201。
具体的:光源控制器可以将不同波长的发光二极管发光强度可分别调变,并根据待测物体之发射光谱,调整发光二极管的发光强度。
S300,提供一种温控系统301。
具体的,温控系统是控制光源发光时的温度,保证其温度控制在±5℃内。
S400,收光系统401。
具体的,收光系统包含透镜、光谱仪或单点光传感器。
由多波段450nm/535nm/570nm/620nm/650nm/740nm/850nm所搭配而成的LED光源光谱(如图二),而以此量测小麦冠层叶片的受激光谱如图三;根据图三的受激光谱进行系统的误差测试(gager&r);得出图四,将750nm处的光源强度提高,单独补光,由于光源强度增加,重测小麦冠层叶片的受激光谱为图五,重新进行gager&r为图六,可以发现此系统量测此小麦冠层叶片的整体讯杂比一致性提高,750nm处的max-min/average由16%降低为2%,大幅提高讯杂比一致性。利用此调整好的光源,进行其他同类型小麦冠层叶片的光谱比较,便可以观察到同类型小麦冠层叶片在750nm的光谱差异。由以上方式,可以利用不同波段的补光,针对特定低强度光谱处进行细微分析,达到精确量测的目的。
举一光谱系统为例,若无光源时的背景噪声为50-100count,光谱讯号强度为1000,此时讯杂比约为5-10%,一般做法可以量测系统的gager&r(误差测试)将整体误差估计进去,我们在此是利用重复取放小麦冠层叶片的方式,进行30次的gager&r,并估计出全波段的光谱(max-min)/average数值,以确认系统讯杂比,以图三为例的受激光谱,其在750nm有很强的吸收,导致在750nm的光谱强度很低,仅约500count,而背景讯号为50-100,此时750nm的讯杂比约为10-20%,若需要观察此波段的细微讯号便显得相当困难;而一般做法为增加光源的整体光强,以降低750nm的讯杂比,但因为小麦冠层叶片的受激光谱在其他波段都很强,若再增加整体光源光强,杂讯比会在其他波段形成饱和,无法判读。而本发明可在750nm单独补上光强,例如本例将此处的受激光谱强度由500count提高到17000count,便使得750nm处的(max-min)/average由16%大幅下降到2%。
为了检测不同时期生长的小麦冠层叶片中的叶绿素和水分含量,则需要一个可见近红外光源,用这一光源照射不同时期生长的小麦冠层叶片,收光系统采集光讯号得到受激光谱图,根据受激光谱进行系统的误差测试,将峰谷680~750处的光源强度提高,单独补光,由于光源强度增加,重测小麦冠层叶片得到新的受激光谱图,重新进行误差测试,可以发现此系统量测小麦冠层叶片中的整体讯杂比一致性提高。利用此调整好的光源,对不同时期生长的小麦冠层叶片受激光谱进行比较,便可以精准的量测出不同时期生长的小麦冠层叶片中的叶绿素和水分的含量。可以利用不同波段的补光,针对特定低强度光谱处进行细微分析,达到精确量测的目的。
以上所述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施例,而并非本发明可行实施的全部实施例。对于本领域一般技术人员而言,在不背离本发明原理和精神的前提下对其所作出的任何显而易见的改动,都应当被认为包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,包括检测系统,检测系统包括LED发光源、收光系统、光源控制器、计算机;其中采用发光二极管LED作为发光源,此发光源包含两种以上的发光二极管,利用光源控制器可以将不同波长的发光二极管发光强度可分别调变,并根据待测物体的发射光谱调整发光二极管的发光强度,发光二极管的发光峰值波长间隔15nm以上;此发光源在进行光谱量测时可依波长分区发光,包含一收光系统,分别由光接收端收集不同波长发光源时所量测到的讯号,形成一完整的光谱;依照光谱讯号,将光谱讯号较弱处的光源强度做调整,得到一强度较均匀的新光谱,并以调整后之光源进行量测。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的发光二极管,其发光波长在380-1500nm之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的发光二极管,其发光方式为非连续形式。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,其非连续形式发光的讯号波形,为方波或正弦波或负弦波。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的收光系统包含透镜、光谱仪或单点光传感器。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的待测物体的发射光谱,为光谱仪或光传感器所接受的待测物体受激发后的发射光谱、反射光谱或漫射光谱。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的根据待测物体的发射光谱调整发光二极管的发光强度,为增加或减少发光二极管驱动电流,或增加或改变发光二极管的发光脉冲数量。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种可提高讯杂比的光谱检测方法,其特征是,所述的光接收端为光谱仪或单点光传感器。
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