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CN112814778B - 一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置及其点火方法 - Google Patents

一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置及其点火方法 Download PDF

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CN112814778B
CN112814778B CN202011621596.9A CN202011621596A CN112814778B CN 112814778 B CN112814778 B CN 112814778B CN 202011621596 A CN202011621596 A CN 202011621596A CN 112814778 B CN112814778 B CN 112814778B
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周磊
高强
华剑雄
刘宗宽
卫海桥
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置，包括壳体(1)，燃油‑空气预混单元与预燃室，其特征在于，所述的燃油‑空气预混单元包含喷油器(10)，喷气阀(6)，预混套筒(9)，置于预混套筒(9)内的预混套筒内芯(7)与喷油器紧固螺栓(11)。其中，预混套筒(9)内壁面与预混套筒内芯(7)外壁面构成预混套筒内腔(14)，预混套筒内芯(7)内壁面，喷油器(10)喷嘴下端面与喷气阀(6)进气口上端面构成预混腔(13)；预混腔(13)与预混套筒内腔(14)通过预混套筒内芯(7)侧壁上的通孔连通；预燃室喷嘴(4)通过定位销固定连接到壳体(1)下部。

Description

一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置及其点火方法
技术领域
本发明属于内燃机燃烧领域，特别是涉及一种适用于高EGR率发动机的空气辅助射流火焰点火装置。
背景技术
人们对环境和能源问题的日益关注，相关法律法规的日趋严格，均驱使着内燃机向着更加高效率、低排放的方向发展。EGR技术最早作为柴油机降低氮氧化物的有效手段，如今已经广泛应用于各类车用发动机。EGR技术通过向进气道引入废气稀释缸内混合气，可以有效降低缸内混合气温度，从而降低氮氧化物排放。实验结果表明，采用10％的EGR率即可降低氮氧化物排放50-70％。同时应用EGR技术还可以降低汽油机部分负荷下的泵气损失，有利于提升发动机热效率。
此外EGR技术对于缓解发动机爆震效果同样显著。目前关于发动机爆震的主流观点是缸内末端混合气受火焰前锋面压缩，温度和压力不断升高导致末端自燃，从而在缸内产生往复震荡的压力波。EGR技术可以降低末端混合气的温度和压力，避免发生末端自燃，尤其对于增压大负荷工况下更为明显。
但应用EGR技术也存在一些问题，如EGR率过大会导致缸内燃烧不稳定，火焰传播速度减慢。燃烧持续期增大。因此需要采用更高的点火能量来点燃缸内混合气。现有的实验数据表明，发动机采用射流点火后可以稳定工作在过量空气系数2.0以上的稀薄燃烧工况。此外射流点火喷出的火焰射流不仅可以稳定点燃稀薄混合气，还可以加速混合气燃烧速率。这对于高EGR率工况下发动机燃烧有同样的效果。
在稀薄燃烧工况下，发动机缸内有过量的空气，因此预燃室中需要额外喷油以维持当量或较浓的混合气。但在高EGR率工况下，原有过量的空气被替换为了废气，因此预燃室中需要同时喷油与喷气才能实现其内部可靠点火。基于此想法，本发明通过在原有预燃室结构的基础上引入一套燃油-空气预混单元，并通过射流火焰的高点火能量使发动机稳定工作在高EGR率工况。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够在高EGR率的条件下实现发动机可靠点火的一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置。本发明通过在原有预燃室结构上引入一套燃油-空气预混单元为预燃室内部创造良好点火条件，再通过预燃室腔内的火花塞点火，将火焰射流喷入主燃烧室，实现主燃烧室在高EGR率条件下的稳定燃烧。技术方案如下：
一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置，包括壳体1，燃油-空气预混单元与预燃室，其特征在于，所述的燃油-空气预混单元包含喷油器10，喷气阀6，预混套筒9，置于预混套筒9内的预混套筒内芯7与喷油器紧固螺栓11。其中，
预混套筒9内壁面与预混套筒内芯7外壁面构成预混套筒内腔14。预混套筒内芯7内壁面，喷油器10喷嘴下端面与喷气阀6进气口上端面构成预混腔13；
预混腔13与预混套筒内腔14通过预混套筒内芯7侧壁上的通孔连通；
预燃室喷嘴4通过定位销固定连接到壳体1下部，在壳体1下部的周边设置有外螺纹，在预燃室喷嘴4的外周设置有外螺纹，喷嘴压紧件5的内部设置有上述的壳体1的外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹；喷嘴压紧件5将预燃室喷嘴4压紧在壳体1上，形成预燃室腔体12。
进一步地，高压空气经气管8进入，随后先进入预混套筒内腔14，继而通过预混套筒内芯7侧壁上的通孔喷入预混腔13与燃油混合；最终燃油-空气预混气通过喷气阀6喷入到预燃室腔体12。
所述的点火装置实现的点火方法，包括下列步骤：将喷油器开启时间定义为喷油脉宽，喷气阀开启时间定义为喷气脉宽；根据喷油脉宽开启喷油器喷入燃油；根据喷油量确定延迟时间，此段延迟时间被称为喷气延迟，到达规定的喷气延迟后，喷气阀根据喷气脉宽开启，其中最终燃油-空气预混气经喷气阀喷入预燃室腔体，后再经火花塞点火并喷射火焰射流。
进一步地，预燃室混合气的过量空气系数通过调节喷油脉宽与喷气脉宽确定，原则为：如果需要较浓混合气，则增大喷油脉宽，如果需要较稀混合气则增加喷气脉宽。
进一步地，为保证预燃室内稳定点火，采用当量混合气或过量空气系数小于1的浓混合气。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是：
1.在高EGR率的条件下，火花点火不能稳定引燃混合气。普通的射流点火装置虽然点火能量高，但在高EGR率的条件下其内部也会残余大量废气导致无法稳定着火。本发明采用空气辅助方式在预燃室中喷射空气燃料预混气，可以实现预燃室内部稳定着火，进而利用射流火焰的高点火能量引燃主燃烧室燃料混合气。
2.本发明装置的燃油-空气预混单元采用喷油器与喷气阀堆叠的结构，可以有效降低装置的直径，有利于在发动机上安装。并且混合气经喷气阀喷射进预燃室腔体的过程等同于燃油与空气的二次混合。这可以提升粘度大，雾化效果不好的燃油的混合效果，如航空煤油。
3.本发明装置的燃油-空气预混单元从预混套筒的侧壁喷入空气，可以有效减少燃油湿壁现象。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的零件爆炸图。
图2为本发明装置的装配示意图。
图3是本发明装置的剖面图。
图4是本发明装置的燃料预混装置的燃油-空气预混示意图。
附图标记：1-壳体；2-火花塞；3-定位销；4-预燃室喷嘴；5-喷嘴压紧件；6-喷气阀；7预混套筒内芯；8-气管；9-预混套筒；10-喷油器；11-喷油器紧固螺栓；12-预燃室腔体；13-预混腔；14-预混套筒内腔
具体实施方式
图1为本发明装置的零件爆炸图，共包含10个零件，按照功能分为壳体，燃油-空气预混单元和预燃室三部分。其中壳体1的功能是为其他零件提供安装位置。燃油-空气预混单元功能是为预燃室提供与空气预混好的混合气。包含喷油器10，喷气阀6，预混套筒内芯7，预混套筒9与喷油器紧固螺栓11。预燃室的功能是为主燃烧室提供火焰射流。包含火花塞2，预燃室喷嘴4，定位销3和喷嘴压紧件5。
安装过程中喷气阀6，预混套筒内芯7，预混套筒9和喷油器10依次放入，由顶部的喷油器紧固螺栓11将这四个零件共同压紧在壳体1上，随后安装火花塞2。最后依次安装定位销3，预燃室喷嘴4与喷嘴压紧件5。其中定位销3是为了防止喷嘴转动而设置的。最后装置整体通过喷嘴上的螺纹安装在气缸盖上。
燃油-空气预混单元：燃油-空气预混单元的作用是为预燃室提供空气燃油预混气。如图4所示，燃油经喷油器10喷入预混腔13内。空气由气管8流入，首先空气进入预混套筒内腔14内，随后由预混套筒内芯7上的小孔喷入预混腔13与燃油混合。随后混合气由喷气阀6喷入预燃室腔体12，喷入的预混气具有扫气的功能，可以扫除预燃室腔体内的残余废气。
使用参数确定：燃油喷射压力根据选用的燃油不同可以选择10-20MPa，空气气管7压力与预混腔相同，由于预混气要从预混腔喷入预燃室腔体，因此预混腔压力要高于预燃室腔体压力，一般在0.4-1MPa之间。
具体工作过程为：首先根据喷油脉宽开启喷油器喷入燃油，燃油与空气在喷气延迟的时间内混合，随后根据喷气脉宽开启喷气阀。混合气喷入预燃室腔体后火花塞点火并喷射火焰射流。
预燃室混合气的过量空气系数可以通过调节喷油脉宽与喷气脉宽确定。如需要浓混合气，则增大喷油脉宽。如需要较稀混合气则增加喷气脉宽。增大喷气脉宽可以在预混气完全喷入预燃室腔体后继续喷入空气，从而稀释预燃室内混合气。不过为了保证预燃室内稳定点火，一般采用当量混合气或过量空气系数小于1的浓混合气。
本发明并不限于上文描述的实施方式。以上对具体实施方式的描述旨在描述和说明本发明的技术方案，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的。在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下还可做出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种空气辅助射流火焰点火装置，包括壳体(1)，燃油-空气预混单元与预燃室，其特征在于，所述的燃油-空气预混单元包含喷油器(10)，喷气阀(6)，预混套筒(9)，置于预混套筒(9)内的预混套筒内芯(7)与喷油器紧固螺栓(11)， 其中，
预混套筒(9)内壁面与预混套筒内芯(7)外壁面构成预混套筒内腔(14)，预混套筒内芯(7)内壁面，喷油器(10)喷嘴下端面与喷气阀(6)进气口上端面构成预混腔(13)；
预混腔(13)与预混套筒内腔(14)通过预混套筒内芯(7)侧壁上的通孔连通；
预燃室喷嘴(4)通过定位销固定连接到壳体(1)下部，在壳体(1)下部的周边设置有外螺纹，在预燃室喷嘴(4)的外周设置有外螺纹，喷嘴压紧件(5)的内部设置有与上述的壳体(1)的外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹；喷嘴压紧件(5)将预燃室喷嘴(4)压紧在壳体(1)上，形成预燃室腔体(12)；
高压空气经气管(8)进入，随后先进入预混套筒内腔(14)，继而通过预混套筒内芯(7)侧壁上的通孔喷入预混腔(13)与燃油混合；最终燃油-空气预混气通过喷气阀(6)喷入到预燃室腔体(12)。
2.权利要求1所述的点火装置实现的点火方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：将喷油器开启时间定义为喷油脉宽，喷气阀开启时间定义为喷气脉宽；根据喷油脉宽开启喷油器喷入燃油；根据喷油量确定延迟时间，此段延迟时间被称为喷气延迟，到达规定的喷气延迟后，喷气阀根据喷气脉宽开启，其中最终燃油-空气预混气经喷气阀喷入预燃室腔体，后再经火花塞点火并喷射火焰射流。
3.权利要求2所述的点火装置实现的点火方法，其特征在于，预燃室混合气的过量空气系数通过调节喷油脉宽与喷气脉宽确定，原则为：如果需要较浓混合气，则增大喷油脉宽，如果需要较稀混合气则增加喷气脉宽。
4.权利要求2或3任意一项所述的点火装置实现的点火方法，其特征在于，为保证预燃室内稳定点火，采用当量混合气或过量空气系数小于1的浓混合气。
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