CN112803509A - Battery monomer management controller and battery management system - Google Patents
Battery monomer management controller and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112803509A CN112803509A CN201911107430.2A CN201911107430A CN112803509A CN 112803509 A CN112803509 A CN 112803509A CN 201911107430 A CN201911107430 A CN 201911107430A CN 112803509 A CN112803509 A CN 112803509A
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- H02J7/52—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电池单体管理控制器及电池管理系统，根据不同的应用场合，可以满足不同厂家的不同的车型对电池管理系统主从结构的需求，该电池单体管理控制器与主控板电池管理控制器之间的通信模式既可配置为CAN通讯模式，也可配置为菊花链通信模式，可以用于含有不同电池单体数量的电池管理系统，具有很高的灵活性，同时大大的降低了系统的成本，提高了系统的可靠性。
The invention provides a battery cell management controller and a battery management system. According to different application occasions, it can meet the requirements of different models of different manufacturers for the master-slave structure of the battery management system. The communication mode between the on-board battery management controllers can be configured as either CAN communication mode or daisy-chain communication mode, which can be used for battery management systems with different battery cell numbers, with high flexibility, and at the same time greatly It reduces the cost of the system and improves the reliability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a battery cell management controller and a battery management system.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy electric vehicle technology, a Battery Management System (BMS) plays an increasingly important role as a core technology. The BMS is used as an important bridge for connecting a vehicle-mounted power battery and an electric automobile, and mainly has the main functions of monitoring parameters of the power battery of the electric automobile in real time, estimating the State of Charge (SOC) of a battery pack, diagnosing faults, performing balanced management on single batteries, performing Charge and discharge management and the like. Whether the BMS system works stably and reliably determines whether the electric automobile can run safely and efficiently. At present, battery management systems on the market mainly have two structures, one is a distributed battery management system, and the other is an integrated battery management system.
The distributed Battery Management system separates and independent Management functions of the Battery module, generally comprises a master control board and a plurality of slave boards, and a Battery Management Controller (BMC) of the master control board mainly realizes functions of high-voltage sampling, insulation detection, high-voltage interlocking, high-voltage relay control and the like. The slave battery Cell Management Unit (CMU) mainly realizes the functions of Cell voltage acquisition, module temperature acquisition, Cell voltage equalization and the like. The communication between the master board and the slave boards has two modes, one is that the master board communicates with all the slave boards through a CAN bus, and the mode usually needs an isolation design and has high system cost. The other communication mode is that the master control board and the slave boards communicate in a daisy chain mode, and the slave boards are usually installed on corresponding modules, so that the length of the whole communication loop reaches several meters or even dozens of meters, the interference degree of the system is greatly increased, and the anti-interference performance of the daisy chain communication mode is poor, so that the reliability of the system is low, and the communication input and output ends need to be isolated, and the cost is relatively high.
The integrated battery management system integrates all functions of the battery management system into one controller. The system design is complicated because of the numerous functions that need to be implemented. With the increase of the number of the battery cells to be managed, the size of the controller is increased, which brings difficulties to mechanical design and installation, so that the structure is generally only suitable for low-speed electric vehicles with a small number of battery cells and does not have the characteristics of wide application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery cell management controller and a battery management system, which are used for solving the problems of high cost, poor anti-interference performance or no wide application characteristic of the conventional battery management system.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a battery cell management controller, including: a low pressure zone and a plurality of high pressure zones; wherein,
all the high-voltage areas are communicated in a daisy chain communication mode, each high-voltage area corresponds to a battery management unit, and the battery management units are used for realizing information acquisition and voltage balance of batteries and sending acquired battery information to the low-voltage area;
the low-voltage area is communicated with an external controller in a CAN communication mode or a daisy chain communication mode, and battery information acquired by each battery management unit is sent to the external controller, so that information interaction between each battery management unit and the external controller is realized.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, the low-voltage region selects and configures a first configuration module or a second configuration module according to a type of a communication mode with the external controller, where the first configuration module and the second configuration module are both used to implement information interaction between each battery management unit and the external controller.
Optionally, in the single battery management controller, the first configuration module includes a daisy chain analysis chip, a first microcontroller, and a CAN analysis chip;
the daisy chain analysis chip decodes the information collected by each battery management unit and then sends the decoded information to the first microcontroller, and command signals sent by the first microcontroller are converted into signals which can be identified by the battery management unit;
the CAN analysis chip receives the command signal sent by the external controller in a CAN communication mode, sends the command signal to the first microcontroller, receives a signal which represents the acquired information and is sent by the first microcontroller, and sends the signal of the acquired information to the external controller in a CAN communication mode.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, the second configuration module includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in parallel, and both the first resistor and the second resistor are jumper resistors.
Optionally, in the cell management controller, the low-voltage region and the lowest-level high-voltage region each further include a communication isolation transformer, and the first configuration module or the second configuration module is communicatively connected to the battery management unit of the lowest-level high-voltage region through the respective communication isolation transformer.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, except for the high-voltage region at the lowest level, each of the remaining high-voltage regions further includes a communication isolation transformer or a capacitor, and the battery management units of adjacent high-voltage regions are communicatively connected through the respective communication isolation transformer or the capacitor.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, each high voltage region is further configured with a third configuration module, where the third configuration module is configured in a corresponding high voltage region instead of the battery management unit, so as to change the total number of the battery management units that need to operate.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, the third configuration module includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in parallel, and both the third resistor and the fourth resistor are jumper resistors.
Optionally, in the single battery management controller, the battery management unit includes a battery management chip, a sampling equalization circuit, and a protection circuit, which are electrically connected in sequence.
Optionally, in the battery cell management controller, the battery management chip has a plurality of sampling channels, and the number of the sampling channels has compatibility, and can support information acquisition of battery modules containing different numbers of battery cells.
The present invention also provides a battery management system, comprising:
a main control board battery management controller; and
at least one cell management controller as described above;
the battery management system is configured such that the main control board battery management controller sends a command to each corresponding battery management unit through the low-voltage region of each single battery management controller, and each battery management unit performs information acquisition on the corresponding battery after receiving the command and sends an acquired result to the main control board battery management controller through the low-voltage region after the acquisition is completed.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the main control board battery management controller includes a second microcontroller and a CAN analysis chip, and the low-voltage area communicates with the main control board battery management controller in a CAN communication manner.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the main control board battery management controller includes a third microcontroller and a daisy chain analysis chip, the single battery management controller configures the second configuration module, and the low-voltage area communicates with the main control board battery management controller in a daisy chain communication manner.
In the battery cell management controller and the battery management system provided by the invention, the battery cell management controller comprises a low-voltage area and a plurality of high-voltage areas, all the high-voltage areas are communicated in a daisy chain communication mode, each high-voltage area corresponds to a battery management unit, and the battery management unit is used for realizing information acquisition and voltage balance of a battery and sending acquired battery information to the low-voltage area; the low-voltage area is communicated with an external controller in a CAN communication mode or a daisy chain communication mode, and battery information acquired by each battery management unit is sent to the external controller, so that information interaction between each battery management unit and the external controller is realized. Compared with the prior art, the battery monomer management controller and the battery management system provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the battery unit controller provided by the invention CAN be configured in a CAN communication mode and a daisy chain communication mode, CAN be suitable for different main control board battery management controllers, and has strong universality.
(2) When the battery cell controller provided by the invention is configured in a CAN communication mode with an external controller (such as a master control board battery management controller), compared with a CAN communication distributed battery management system in the current market, the CAN communication distributed battery management system does not need a CAN isolation circuit and has low cost; when the daisy chain communication system is configured in a daisy chain communication mode, an analysis circuit (the first configuration module in the application) of a low-voltage area can be omitted, compared with a daisy chain distributed battery management system, only one isolation circuit can be used between high-voltage areas, the cost advantage is achieved, most of daisy chain communication circuits are distributed on one circuit board, and the system has good anti-interference performance.
(3) In the battery unit controller provided by the invention, a non-used high-voltage area can be omitted, the configuration is very flexible by combining the matching property of the sampling channel of the battery management chip, and compared with an integrated battery management system, the battery unit controller is suitable for most battery packs in the current market and has wide applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary cell management controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating another exemplary battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The core idea of the invention is to provide a single battery management controller which is easy to realize various master-slave structures of battery management systems, and CAN meet the requirements of different vehicle models of different manufacturers on the master-slave structures of the battery management systems according to different application occasions.
To achieve the above idea, the present invention provides a battery cell management controller, including: a plurality of high pressure zones and a low pressure zone; all the high-voltage areas are communicated in a daisy chain communication mode, each high-voltage area corresponds to a battery management unit, and the battery management units are used for realizing information acquisition and voltage balance of batteries and sending acquired battery information to the low-voltage area; the low-voltage area is communicated with an external controller in a CAN communication mode or a daisy chain communication mode, and battery information acquired by each battery management unit is sent to the external controller, so that information interaction between each battery management unit and the external controller is realized.
On the basis, the invention also provides a battery management system which comprises a main control board battery management controller and at least one single battery management controller. The battery management system is configured such that the main control board battery management controller sends a command to each corresponding battery management unit through the low-voltage region of each single battery management controller, and each battery management unit performs information acquisition on the corresponding battery after receiving the command and sends an acquired result to the main control board battery management controller through the low-voltage region after the acquisition is completed. The external controller can understand the battery management controller of the main control board in the battery management system provided by the invention.
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the battery cell management controller and the battery management system according to the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention. Further, the structures illustrated in the drawings are often part of actual structures. In particular, the drawings may have different emphasis points and may sometimes be scaled differently.
First, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a battery cell management controller, including: a plurality of high pressure zones and a low pressure zone. The low-voltage zone has an external communication interface 1 and, optionally, the high-voltage zone has an external communication interface 2. The external communication interface 1 and the external communication interface 2 are used for connecting the battery cell management controller with an external controller. The high-voltage area is responsible for completing the collection of the battery-related information, and the low-voltage area is responsible for processing and interacting the collected information.
In this embodiment, the low-voltage area selects and configures a first configuration module or a second configuration module according to a type of a communication mode with the external controller, and the first configuration module and the second configuration module are both used for implementing information interaction between each battery management unit and the external controller.
Specifically, the first configuration module and the second configuration module are configured at different times, the first configuration module is configured when the low-voltage area and the external controller need to communicate in a CAN communication mode, and the second configuration module is configured when the low-voltage area and the external controller need to communicate in a daisy chain communication mode.
In order to implement communication in a CAN communication manner, preferably, the first configuration module includes a daisy chain analysis chip, a first microcontroller and a CAN analysis chip; the daisy chain analysis chip decodes the information collected by each battery management unit and then sends the information to the first microcontroller in an SPI form, and command signals sent by the first microcontroller are converted into signals which can be identified by the battery management unit; the CAN analysis chip receives the command signal sent by the external controller in a CAN communication mode, sends the command signal to the first microcontroller, receives a signal which represents the acquired information and is sent by the first microcontroller, and sends the signal of the acquired information to the external controller in a CAN communication mode. Specifically, the CAN analysis chip communicates with the battery management controller of the main control board through the external communication interface 1.
In order to implement communication in a daisy chain communication manner, preferably, the second configuration module includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 connected in parallel, and both the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are jumper resistors.
As an exemplary cell management controller, in the present embodiment, the number of high voltage regions is 5, including the high voltage region 1 to the high voltage region 5, but it should be understood that the number of high voltage regions may be less than 5 or greater than 5.
Each high-voltage area is isolated from each other and can be configured with a single battery management unit with a similar circuit structure, and the single battery management unit completes the functions of single battery voltage acquisition, module temperature acquisition, battery voltage balance control and the like. Specifically, the battery cell management unit is including the battery management chip, the equalizer circuit of sampling and the protection circuit that connect gradually the electricity, and battery correlation information (battery parameter signal) process protection circuit and the equalizer circuit of sampling send into every high-voltage region the battery management chip is handled, simultaneously, the battery management chip is steerable the equalizer circuit of sampling carries out the equalization management to battery voltage. The battery management chip is provided with a plurality of sampling channels, the number of the sampling channels has matching performance, and the information acquisition of the battery module containing different battery monomer numbers can be supported.
The low-voltage area and the high-voltage area (high-voltage area 1) of the lowest level each further comprise a communication isolation transformer, and the first configuration module or the second configuration module is in communication connection with the battery management unit of the high-voltage area of the lowest level through the respective communication isolation transformer. When the first configuration module is adopted, the daisy chain analysis chip in the first configuration module is connected with the secondary side of the communication isolation transformer connected with the low-voltage area, and the other end of the daisy chain analysis chip is connected with an external communication interface 1 to realize CAN communication with other external controllers; when the second configuration module is adopted, one end of each of the resistors R1 and R2 in the second configuration module is connected with the secondary side of the communication isolation transformer in the low-voltage region, and the other end of each of the resistors R1 and R2 is connected with the external communication interface 1, so that daisy chain communication with other external controllers is realized.
The high-voltage regions (high-voltage regions 2-5) except the high-voltage region of the lowest order also comprise a communication isolation transformer or a capacitor, and the battery management units of the adjacent high-voltage regions are in communication connection through the respective communication isolation transformer or the capacitor.
It should be noted that, whether the high voltage region 2-5 specifically uses a communication isolation transformer or a capacitor needs to be determined according to the kind of the battery management chip used and from the cost. For convenience of illustration, fig. 1 to 3 only show a case where the high-voltage regions 2 to 5 further include communication isolation transformers, and the communication isolation transformers of the high-voltage regions 1 to 5 are respectively named as: communication isolation transformers T1-T5. The primary side of the isolation transformer T1 is connected to the communication input port of the battery management chip 1, the communication output port of the battery management chip 1 is connected to the secondary side of the communication isolation transformer T2, and the communication output port is sequentially connected to the communication input port of the battery management chip 5 to realize daisy chain communication inside the controller. When the high-voltage region of the cell management controller of the example of the present embodiment needs to be connected to an external controller, for example, another cell management controller, a communication isolation transformer T6 may be further included, a primary side of the communication isolation transformer T6 is connected to the communication output port of the cell management chip 5, and a secondary side of the communication isolation transformer T6 is connected to the external communication interface 2 to implement communication connection with the external controller.
In the cell management controller of the present example, the high-voltage regions 1 to 5 are not necessarily used in their entirety, and the number of high-voltage regions to be used may be determined based on the total amount of the actual cells. For example, assuming that the number of sampling channels of the used battery management chip is 12 channels, and the total number of battery-to-cell units of the system is 96, the number allocated to each battery cell management controller is 48, and each battery cell management controller can acquire all the battery cell information by using only 4 high-voltage areas, so that one high-voltage area can be omitted. To ensure that other high voltage zones can communicate with the low voltage zone properly, daisy chain connectivity needs to be ensured, so the omitted high voltage zone must be high voltage zone 5, and so on the omitted high voltage zone must be removed in order from high to low in order of the order.
Furthermore, each high voltage area also corresponds to a third configuration module, and the third configuration module is used for replacing the battery management unit to be configured in the corresponding high voltage area so as to change the total number of the battery management units needing to work, namely, the total number of the high voltage areas used. For example, as described above, when the cell information can be collected only by using 4 high voltage regions, the cell management unit in any of the high voltage regions 2 to 4 may be eliminated, and the third configuration module may be configured accordingly, and when the third configuration module replaces the cell management unit in the high voltage region 3, one end of the third configuration module is connected to the primary side of the communication isolation transformer T3, and the other end of the third configuration module is connected to the secondary side of the communication isolation transformer T4. Specifically, the third configuration module may include a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4 connected in parallel, where the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are both jumper resistors.
The battery monomer management controller provided by the implementation has the advantages that a high-voltage region which is not used can be omitted, the configuration is very flexible by combining the matching performance of the sampling channel of the battery management chip, and the battery monomer management controller is applicable to most of battery packs in the current market and has wide applicability compared with an integrated battery management system.
Based on the battery cell management controller provided in this embodiment, this embodiment further provides a battery management system, where the battery management system includes a main control board battery management controller and at least one battery cell management controller.
Referring to fig. 2, as an exemplary battery management system of the present embodiment, the number of the cell management controllers is 2, and the CMC1 and the CMC2 are respectively, but it should be understood that the number of the cell management controllers may also be 1 or more than 2. CMC1 and CMC2 have identical structures, wherein the low-voltage zone is selectively attached to the first configuration module, the second configuration module is not attached, the communication isolation transformer T6 of the high-voltage zone 5 is not attached, and the third configuration module is not attached. The Battery Management Controller (BMC) of the main control board comprises a second microcontroller (MCU2) and a CAN analysis chip, the battery management controller of the main control board is communicated with a low-voltage area of the CMC1/CMC2 in a CAN communication mode, concretely, the battery management controller of the main control board sends commands to the CMC1 and the CMC2 through a CAN bus, the first microcontrollers of the CMC1 and the CMC2 receive the commands and decode the commands through the daisy chain analysis chip, the commands are sent to the battery management chips 1-5 in a daisy chain mode, the battery management chips send data to the first microcontroller in a daisy chain mode after completing information acquisition, and the first microcontroller sends the data to the battery management controller through the CAN bus to complete information interaction.
It should be noted that, in this scheme, when the total number of high-pressure regions needs to be reduced, the number of high-pressure regions of CMC1 and CMC2 should be reduced at the same time, for example, 5 high-pressure regions are removed at the same time; alternatively, the cell management units of the high voltage region 3 are not attached at the same time, but one third configuration module is attached at the same time, respectively, to ensure that the CMC1 and the CMC2 should have identical structures, thereby facilitating production, management, and maintenance. The battery management controller of the main control board is communicated with the battery monomer management controller through the CAN bus, and compared with a CAN communication distributed battery management system in the current market, the CAN communication distributed battery management system does not need a CAN isolation circuit, is low in cost and has strong anti-interference capability. In addition, the high-voltage area can be adjusted according to the number of the actual battery monomers, the application is flexible, and the cost is relatively low.
Referring to fig. 3, as another exemplary battery management system of this embodiment, the number of the cell management controllers is 2, the CMC1 and the CMC2 are respectively, and the CMC1 and the CMC2 have the same structure; in contrast, wherein the low-voltage region selects the second configuration module, the first configuration module is not attached, and the third module is not attached; further differently, the CMC1 and the CMC2 are sequentially connected in series, the main control board battery management controller includes a third microcontroller (MCU3) and a daisy chain analysis chip, the main control board battery management controller communicates with the low-voltage area of the CMC1/CMC2 in a daisy chain communication manner, specifically, the third microcontroller on the main control board battery management controller sends instructions to the battery management chips of the cell controller 1 and the CMC2 in a daisy chain manner through the daisy chain analysis chip, and the battery management chip sends data to the third microcontroller in a daisy chain manner after information acquisition is completed to complete information interaction.
It should be noted that, in the same way, when it is desired to reduce the total number of high-pressure zones, the number of high-pressure zones of CMC1 and CMC2 should be reduced at the same time, for example, high-pressure zone 5 is removed at the same time; alternatively, the cell management units of the high voltage region 3 are not attached at the same time, but one third configuration module is attached at the same time, respectively, to ensure that the CMC1 and the CMC2 should have identical structures, thereby facilitating production, management, and maintenance. The daisy chain communication mode is adopted between the battery monomer management controller and the main control board battery management controller, a low-voltage area circuit can be omitted, compared with a daisy chain distributed battery management system, only one isolation circuit is used between high-voltage areas, the cost advantage is achieved, most of daisy chain communication loops are distributed on one circuit board, the anti-interference performance of the system is good, in addition, the high-voltage area can be adjusted according to the actual number of battery monomers, the application is flexible, and the cost is relatively low.
In summary, the battery cell management controller and the battery management system provided in this embodiment solve the problems of high cost, poor interference immunity, or no wide application characteristics of the conventional battery management system.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
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| CN115528323A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-27 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Main control device of centralized battery management system and use method thereof |
| JP2024509653A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2024-03-05 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | Cell sampling circuit, circuit failure warning method and battery management system |
| WO2025161960A1 (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2025-08-07 | 江苏天合储能有限公司 | Battery management system and method and energy storage apparatus |
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