CN112801838A - Urban wetland ecological unit dividing method, device and storage medium thereof - Google Patents
Urban wetland ecological unit dividing method, device and storage medium thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种城市湿地生态单元划分方法、装置及存储介质，该方法包括：获取待划分城市的DEM数据，导入ArcGIS平台进行水文分析，得到流域盆地；对流域盆地进行小流域模拟分析，得到多个集水小流域，将每个小流域作为一个第一湿地生态单元；获取待划分城市的植被数据和土壤数据，导入ArcGIS平台进行整合，得到植被土壤单元；根据植被土壤单元对第一湿地生态单元的边界进行修正，得到第二湿地生态单元；获取待划分城市的用地类型图斑，根据用地类型图斑对第二湿地生态单元的边界进行修正，得到第三湿地生态单元，将第三湿地生态单元作为待划分城市的最终湿地生态单元。本发明使得湿地单元的划分更准确，更能反映湿地的生态属性。
The invention discloses a method, a device and a storage medium for dividing urban wetland ecological units. The method includes: acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis, and obtaining a watershed basin; performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin, Obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and take each small watershed as a first wetland ecological unit; obtain the vegetation data and soil data of the cities to be divided, import them into the ArcGIS platform for integration, and obtain the vegetation soil unit; The boundary of the wetland ecological unit is corrected to obtain the second wetland ecological unit; the land use type map of the city to be divided is obtained, and the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit is corrected according to the land use type map to obtain the third wetland ecological unit, and the first wetland ecological unit is obtained. The three wetland ecological units are the final wetland ecological units of the city to be divided. The invention makes the division of wetland units more accurate, and can better reflect the ecological attributes of wetlands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban water space planning, in particular to a method and a device for dividing an urban wetland ecological unit and a storage medium thereof.
Background
According to the latest homeland space planning and conducting system, the contents of ecological unit planning, implementation and partition planning are carried out on the urban wetland and are used as the basis for the next detailed planning.
In the prior art, a certain distance area is generally defined outwards according to the natural boundary edge of the wetland and used as the boundary of the wetland ecological unit, the range of the actual influence on the wetland is lack of research, the ecological substrate attribute of the urban wetland is ignored, and the influence of the element layout of the peripheral area on the wetland is also ignored, so that the existing wetland division is not accurate enough and lacks of guiding significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method and a device for dividing urban wetland ecological units and a storage medium thereof, wherein the method and the device are used for correcting the wetland units divided according to an ecological drainage basin by utilizing vegetation, soil and land type pattern spots, so that the division of the wetland units is more accurate, the ecological attributes of the wetland can be reflected, ecological safety can be embodied, and guidance of the next urban planning is facilitated.
In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for dividing an urban wetland ecological unit, comprising the following steps:
acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, and importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain a basin of a drainage basin;
performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and taking each small watershed as a first wetland ecological unit;
acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the vegetation data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and obtaining the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as the final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
Preferably, the acquiring DEM data of the city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain the basin of the drainage basin, and specifically includes:
acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform, and carrying out hole filling, flow direction, flow and grid river network vectorization by using a Hydro hydrological analysis tool box of the ArcGIS platform so as to simulate a water system;
grading the water system by using a Strahler hydrological model so as to determine a main water system with important hydrological functions;
and analyzing the main water system by using a Basin analysis tool to obtain the Basin of the drainage Basin.
Preferably, the small watershed simulation analysis is performed on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of catchment small watersheds, and specifically includes:
searching all watershed water outlets of the watershed basin by using a Snap Point tool;
and searching an upstream grid flowing through each Watershed water outlet by using a Watershed tool to form a plurality of small catchment watersheds.
Preferably, the acquiring the vegetation data and the soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the obtained vegetation data and soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit specifically includes:
acquiring vegetation NPP data of the city to be divided in a plurality of preset years, importing the vegetation NPP data into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the vegetation NPP data of the plurality of years by adopting an Intersect tool, and then carrying out average calculation to obtain an NPP map layer of the average vegetation level;
and acquiring a soil type texture nutrient layer of the city to be divided, importing the soil type texture nutrient layer into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the NPP layer and the soil type texture nutrient layer by adopting an Intersect tool, and dividing the superposed layer according to a preset division rule to obtain a plurality of vegetation soil units.
Preferably, the correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit specifically comprises:
comparing the vegetation soil unit with the first wetland ecological units, and combining the first wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the first wetland ecological units pass through the same vegetation soil unit;
if only one first wetland ecological unit passes through one vegetation soil unit, the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
Preferably, the correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the plot of the land use type specifically comprises:
comparing the land type pattern spots with the second wetland ecological units, and combining the second wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the second wetland ecological units pass through the same land type pattern spot;
if only one second wetland ecological unit passes through one land occupation type pattern spot, the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
The second embodiment of the invention provides an urban wetland ecological unit dividing device, which comprises:
the hydrologic analysis module is used for acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrologic analysis, and obtaining a basin of a drainage basin;
the watershed analysis module is used for carrying out small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and each small watershed is used as a first wetland ecological unit;
the vegetation soil integration module is used for acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the vegetation data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
the first correction module is used for correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and the second correction module is used for acquiring the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
A third embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit dividing method, comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements the urban wetland ecological unit dividing method according to any one of the above items when executing the computer program.
The fourth embodiment of the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which comprises a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of the above urban wetland ecological unit partition methods.
Compared with the prior art, the method, the device and the storage medium for dividing the urban wetland ecological units provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the boundaries of the wetland ecological units are generated based on small watershed analysis, and then the boundaries of the wetland ecological units are identified and corrected according to vegetation and soil, so that the corrected wetland ecological units can truly reflect the ecological attributes of the wetland, and the ecological protection is more facilitated; secondly, the invention also utilizes the trimpot pattern spots to correct the control range, ensures the landscape connectivity, strengthens the accuracy, effectiveness and pertinence of the control range, improves the control efficiency, and has important significance for protecting the ecological safety of the urban wetland and promoting the harmonious development of social economy and ecological environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an urban wetland ecological unit division method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a simplified flow diagram of a method for dividing an urban wetland ecological unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an urban wetland ecological unit dividing device provided by an embodiment of the invention
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit division method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic flow chart of the method for dividing the urban wetland ecological units provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the method includes steps S1 to S5:
s1, acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, and importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain a basin of the drainage basin;
s2, carrying out small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and taking each small watershed as a first wetland ecological unit;
s3, acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the vegetation data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
s4, correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
s5, obtaining land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
In order to understand the implementation process of the present invention more intuitively, another embodiment of the present invention further provides a simplified process schematic diagram of the urban wetland ecological unit division method, specifically referring to fig. 2.
It should be noted that, with the birth and development of the ecological hydrology describing the ecological pattern and the hydrology mechanism of the ecological process, the scale of the ecological hydrology process is definitely large scale, medium scale and small scale. The large scale refers to a watershed (basin) which comprises 3 scale levels of a large watershed, a watershed and a sub watershed; the mesoscale refers to a small watershed (watershed), and comprises 2 scale levels of the small watershed and a secondary small watershed; the small scale refers to a catchment area (catch), and comprises 2 scale levels of the catchment area and the catchment unit. Unlike the natural ecological hydrological process, the formation of urban water space is not only limited by the hydrological process and the ecological process, but also affected by the social organization process. In the process of social organization of urban space, the urban space is divided into blocks by roads, the blocks are combined into communities through neighborhood relations, and the communities are combined into urban planning areas through administrative management. In a city, corresponding to three levels of small watershed, secondary small watershed and catchment area in natural watershed, the dimensions of the block area and the catchment area are equivalent, the dimensions of the community and the secondary small watershed are equivalent, and the dimensions of the city planning area and the small watershed are equivalent. The method uses the small watershed as a main scale to divide the boundary of the urban wetland.
In addition, the ecological characteristics are basic characteristics of the urban wetland, and the ecological characteristics are different from other urban ecosystems in the aspects of hydrological conditions, vegetation environment, soil development (three elements of the wetland) and the like. Therefore, the identification based on the ecological background is the basic step of the boundary of the urban wetland ecological unit. Wherein, the terrain and the hydrological characteristics formed by the terrain are decisive factors, and the vegetation environment and the soil development are secondary factors. Therefore, the technical process of the invention is as follows: and dividing small watersheds according to the terrain and hydrological features, and correcting the boundary by combining vegetation coverage and soil types.
Specifically, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a city to be divided is acquired, and the data is imported into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain a basin of a drainage basin. DEM data can be obtained through geographic space data cloud, and point-like elevation data of a city to be divided can also be obtained, and then the point-like elevation data is imported into an ArcGIS platform to be converted into DEM data. The step is mainly used for identifying the basin of the drainage basin, but the obtained basin of the drainage basin is wide, relates to a large-area construction land, and easily causes supervision weakness and waste of material resources and financial resources, so that the next step of simulation analysis of the small drainage basin is needed.
And carrying out small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of water-collecting small watersheds, and taking each small watershed as a first wetland ecological unit. And selecting a small flow area of related runoff to be included in the wetland ecological unit according to the actual range of the wetland, and forming a water boundary of the first wetland unit of the city as the surface water collecting area range of the city wetland.
And acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the data into an ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit. Preferably, the vegetation data are NPP data, and various satellite remote sensing data of the geographic national condition monitoring cloud platform can be used for inverting net primary productivity data products to be loaded into the ArcGIS platform as vegetation data. The soil data can be loaded and imported into the ArcGIS platform by using soil type texture nutrient data of the geographic national condition monitoring cloud platform as soil data.
And correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit. NPP is the total amount of dry matters accumulated by the wetland green vegetation in unit time and unit area, determines the capability of the vegetation in providing available substances and energy for other heterotrophic organisms in the ecosystem, and is an important parameter for evaluating the function of the wetland ecosystem. Because the biomass of the wetland is huge, the NPP of the wetland is also far larger than that of other urban units, and the wetland has remarkable distinguishing capability. The soil type is a product of an ecosystem process, and the wetland earth surface is in an overwetting or water accumulation state all the year round, has an obvious submerging process and is often developed into water-forming or semi-water-forming soil, so the soil type is also an important mark for distinguishing urban wetlands from other units. Therefore, the correction of the wetland boundary by combining the vegetation and the soil is more suitable for the actual ecological influence range of the wetland.
The above steps are all to determine the boundary of the wetland according to the ecological characteristics of the wetland, but the wetland in the city has typical urban construction influence characteristics due to the special geographic position, so the management range needs to be corrected by combining with the control boundary in the city. In detail, land type pattern spots of the city to be divided are obtained, the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit is corrected according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and the third wetland ecological unit is used as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
According to the urban wetland ecological unit division method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the wetland units divided according to the ecological drainage basin are corrected by utilizing the vegetation, soil and land type pattern spots, so that the division of the wetland units is more accurate, the ecological attributes of the wetland can be reflected, the ecological safety can be embodied, and the guidance of the next urban planning can be facilitated.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the acquiring DEM data of the city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain the basin of the drainage basin specifically includes:
acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform, and carrying out hole filling, flow direction, flow and grid river network vectorization by using a Hydro hydrological analysis tool box of the ArcGIS platform so as to simulate a water system;
classifying the water system by using a Strahler hydrological model to determine a main water system with important hydrological functions;
and analyzing the main water system by using a Basin analysis tool to obtain the Basin of the drainage Basin.
Specifically, DEM data of a city to be divided is acquired, the DEM data is imported into an ArcGIS platform, and the hydrohydrological analysis toolbox of a Spatial analysis tool in the ArcGIS platform is used for carrying out hollow filling, flow direction, flow and grid river network vectorization so as to simulate a water system. The DEM data comprises the current surface runoff range of the city to be divided.
Classifying the water system by using a Strahler hydrological model so as to determine a main water system with important hydrological functions;
and (4) carrying out primary analysis on the main water system by using a Basin analysis tool to obtain the Basin of the drainage Basin.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of catchment small watersheds specifically includes:
searching all watershed water outlets of the watershed basin by using a Snap Point tool;
and searching an upstream grid flowing through each Watershed water outlet by using a Watershed tool to form a plurality of small catchment watersheds.
Specifically, the basin of the basin. Preferably, the positions of the water outlets of the small-level drainage basins are searched, important water outlets related to the urban wetland are manually selected according to the principle of proximity as correction, and a water outlet map layer is newly built.
And searching an upstream grid flowing through each Watershed water outlet by using a Watershed tool to form a plurality of small catchment watersheds. It is worth reminding that the upstream grids flowing through the water outlets of the same watershed form the same small watershed for collecting water, so that the economic rationality of selection can be improved.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the acquiring of the vegetation data and the soil data of the to-be-divided city, and the importing into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit specifically include:
acquiring vegetation NPP data of the city to be divided in a plurality of preset years, importing the vegetation NPP data into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the vegetation NPP data of the plurality of years by adopting an Intersect tool, and then carrying out average calculation to obtain an NPP map layer of the average vegetation level;
and acquiring a soil type texture nutrient layer of the city to be divided, importing the soil type texture nutrient layer into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the NPP layer and the soil type texture nutrient layer by adopting an Intersect tool, and dividing the superposed layer according to a preset division rule to obtain a plurality of vegetation soil units.
Specifically, vegetation NPP data of a city to be divided in a plurality of preset years are obtained, an ArcGIS platform is imported, an intercept tool is adopted to superpose the vegetation NPP data of the plurality of years to obtain a comprehensive NPP layer, average calculation is carried out on NPP fields to obtain the average level of vegetation in the plurality of years, and then the NPP layer of the average level of vegetation is obtained and is displayed in a grading manner;
and after the NPP layer with the average vegetation level is obtained, obtaining a soil type texture nutrient layer of the city to be divided, introducing the soil type texture nutrient layer into an ArcGIS platform, superposing the NPP layer and the soil type texture nutrient layer by adopting an Intersect tool, and dividing the superposed layer according to a preset dividing rule to obtain a plurality of vegetation soil units. Generally, if the vegetation on the NPP layer and the soil on the soil type texture nutrient layer are overlapped at the same position, the vegetation and the soil with the overlapped vegetation are divided into vegetation soil units. Vegetation soil units refer to grid units containing vegetation and soil.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit specifically includes:
comparing the vegetation soil unit with the first wetland ecological units, and combining the first wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the first wetland ecological units pass through the same vegetation soil unit;
if only one first wetland ecological unit passes through one vegetation soil unit, the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
Specifically, comparing the vegetation soil unit with the first wetland ecological units, and combining the first wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the first wetland ecological units pass through the same vegetation soil unit;
if only one first wetland ecological unit passes through one vegetation soil unit, the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
Namely, the boundary correction is carried out according to the principle that the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit does not cross the same vegetation soil unit, so as to form the ecological boundary of the urban second wetland ecological unit.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the plot of land use type specifically comprises:
comparing the land type pattern spots with the second wetland ecological units, and combining the second wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the second wetland ecological units pass through the same land type pattern spot;
if only one second wetland ecological unit passes through one land occupation type pattern spot, the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
Specifically, the land use type pattern spots and the second wetland ecological units are compared, and if a plurality of second wetland ecological units pass through the same land use type pattern spot, the plurality of second wetland ecological units are combined into one wetland ecological unit;
if only one second wetland ecological unit passes through one plot of land use type, the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
Similarly, the boundary correction is carried out according to the principle that the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit does not cross the same pattern spot, and the final boundary of the urban wetland ecological unit is obtained. At present, the current land utilization state map spot of the third national state soil survey (called 'three tones' for short) is the truest reflection of the current city construction state, and the management unit of the city is basically consistent with the boundary of the three tone map spots. Therefore, the boundary of the wetland ecological unit needs to be corrected according to the three-tone pattern spots so as to avoid that the division of the wetland does not accord with the land utilization state.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of an urban wetland ecological unit dividing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the device includes:
the hydrologic analysis module 11 is used for acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrologic analysis, and obtaining a basin of a drainage basin;
the watershed analysis module 12 is used for performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and each small watershed is used as a first wetland ecological unit;
a vegetation soil integration module 13, configured to obtain vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and import the vegetation soil data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform to integrate, so as to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
the first correction module 14 is used for correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and the second correction module 15 is used for acquiring the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
The urban wetland ecological unit dividing device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize all the processes of the urban wetland ecological unit dividing method described in any embodiment, the functions and the realized technical effects of each module and unit in the device are respectively the same as the functions and the realized technical effects of the urban wetland ecological unit dividing method described in the embodiment, and the details are not repeated here.
Referring to fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus using an urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method, where the apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method includes a processor 10, a memory 20, and a computer program stored in the memory 20 and configured to be executed by the processor 10, and when the processor 10 executes the computer program, the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method described in any one of the above embodiments is implemented.
Illustratively, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory 20 and executed by the processor 10 to implement the present invention. One or more modules/units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used for describing the execution process of the computer program in the urban wetland ecological unit division method. For example, the computer program may be divided into a hydrological analysis module, a watershed analysis module, a vegetation soil integration module, a first correction module, and a second correction module, each module having the following specific functions:
the hydrologic analysis module 11 is used for acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrologic analysis, and obtaining a basin of a drainage basin;
the watershed analysis module 12 is used for performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and each small watershed is used as a first wetland ecological unit;
a vegetation soil integration module 13, configured to obtain vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and import the vegetation soil data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform to integrate, so as to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
the first correction module 14 is used for correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and the second correction module 15 is used for acquiring the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
The device using the urban wetland ecological unit dividing method can be computing equipment such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a cloud server and the like. The device using the urban wetland ecological unit division method can comprise, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the schematic diagram 4 is only an example of an apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit division method, and does not constitute a limitation to the apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit division method, and may include more or less components than those shown in the drawings, or combine some components, or different components, for example, the apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit division method may further include an input and output device, a grid access device, a bus, and the like.
The Processor 10 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor 10 may be any conventional processor, etc., and the processor 10 is a control center of the apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method, and connects the respective parts of the entire apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method by using various interfaces and lines.
The memory 20 can be used for storing the computer programs and/or modules, and the processor 10 can implement various functions of the device using the urban wetland ecological unit division method by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory 20 and calling data stored in the memory 20. The memory 20 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory 20 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
If the module integrated by the device using the urban wetland ecological unit division method is realized in the form of a software functional unit and is sold or used as an independent product, the module can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and can implement the steps of the embodiments of the method when the computer program is executed by a processor. The computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in a source code form, an object code form, an executable file or some intermediate form. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain other components which may be suitably increased or decreased as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, in accordance with legislation and patent practice, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which comprises a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the urban wetland ecological unit division method in any embodiment.
To sum up, the method, the device and the storage medium for dividing the urban wetland ecological units provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly generate the boundaries of the wetland ecological units based on small watershed analysis, and then identify and correct the boundaries of the wetland ecological units according to vegetation and soil, so that the corrected wetland ecological units can truly reflect the ecological attributes of the wetland, and are more beneficial to ecological protection; secondly, the invention also utilizes the trimpot pattern spots to correct the control range, ensures the landscape connectivity, strengthens the accuracy, effectiveness and pertinence of the control range, improves the control efficiency, and has important significance for protecting the ecological safety of the urban wetland and promoting the harmonious development of social economy and ecological environment.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The urban wetland ecological unit dividing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, and importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain a basin of a drainage basin;
performing small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and taking each small watershed as a first wetland ecological unit;
acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the vegetation data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and obtaining the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as the final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
2. The urban wetland ecological unit division method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of DEM data of a city to be divided and the importing of the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrological analysis to obtain a basin of a basin comprises:
acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform, and carrying out hole filling, flow direction, flow and grid river network vectorization by using a Hydro hydrological analysis tool box of the ArcGIS platform so as to simulate a water system;
grading the water system by using a Strahler hydrological model so as to determine a main water system with important hydrological functions;
and analyzing the main water system by using a Basin analysis tool to obtain the Basin of the drainage Basin.
3. The urban wetland ecological unit division method according to claim 1, wherein the small watershed simulation analysis is performed on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of catchment small watersheds, and specifically comprises:
searching all watershed water outlets of the watershed basin by using a Snap Point tool;
and searching an upstream grid flowing through each Watershed water outlet by using a Watershed tool to form a plurality of small catchment watersheds.
4. The urban wetland ecological unit division method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and the importing into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain vegetation soil units specifically comprises:
acquiring vegetation NPP data of the city to be divided in a plurality of preset years, importing the vegetation NPP data into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the vegetation NPP data of the plurality of years by adopting an Intersect tool, and then carrying out average calculation to obtain an NPP map layer of the average vegetation level;
and acquiring a soil type texture nutrient layer of the city to be divided, importing the soil type texture nutrient layer into the ArcGIS platform, superposing the NPP layer and the soil type texture nutrient layer by adopting an Intersect tool, and dividing the superposed layer according to a preset division rule to obtain a plurality of vegetation soil units.
5. The urban wetland ecological unit division method according to claim 1, wherein the correction of the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit comprises:
comparing the vegetation soil unit with the first wetland ecological units, and combining the first wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the first wetland ecological units pass through the same vegetation soil unit;
if only one first wetland ecological unit passes through one vegetation soil unit, the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
6. The urban wetland ecological unit division method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the modifying the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type map spot specifically comprises:
comparing the land type pattern spots with the second wetland ecological units, and combining the second wetland ecological units into one wetland ecological unit if the second wetland ecological units pass through the same land type pattern spot;
if only one second wetland ecological unit passes through one land occupation type pattern spot, the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit does not need to be changed.
7. The utility model provides an ecological unit of urban wetland divides device which characterized in that includes:
the hydrologic analysis module is used for acquiring DEM data of a city to be divided, importing the DEM data into an ArcGIS platform for hydrologic analysis, and obtaining a basin of a drainage basin;
the watershed analysis module is used for carrying out small watershed simulation analysis on the watershed basin to obtain a plurality of small catchment watersheds, and each small watershed is used as a first wetland ecological unit;
the vegetation soil integration module is used for acquiring vegetation data and soil data of the city to be divided, and importing the vegetation data and the soil data into the ArcGIS platform for integration to obtain a vegetation soil unit;
the first correction module is used for correcting the boundary of the first wetland ecological unit according to the vegetation soil unit to obtain a second wetland ecological unit;
and the second correction module is used for acquiring the land type pattern spots of the city to be divided, correcting the boundary of the second wetland ecological unit according to the land type pattern spots to obtain a third wetland ecological unit, and taking the third wetland ecological unit as a final wetland ecological unit of the city to be divided.
8. An apparatus using the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method, comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements the urban wetland ecological unit partitioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, the computer-readable storage medium controls a device to execute the urban wetland ecosystem unit partitioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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