CN112698196B - High-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device - Google Patents
High-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112698196B CN112698196B CN202110310951.9A CN202110310951A CN112698196B CN 112698196 B CN112698196 B CN 112698196B CN 202110310951 A CN202110310951 A CN 202110310951A CN 112698196 B CN112698196 B CN 112698196B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
- G01R31/3274—Details related to measuring, e.g. sensing, displaying or computing; Measuring of variables related to the contact pieces, e.g. wear, position or resistance
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device, which comprises: the high-voltage switch comprises a high-speed camera, a current transformer, an auxiliary contact input interface and a core processing unit, wherein the high-speed camera, the current transformer and the auxiliary contact input interface are electrically connected with the core processing unit, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the switching-on and switching-off movement tracks of a high-voltage switch body, the current transformer is used for collecting the action current of a switching-on coil and a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and the auxiliary contact input interface is connected with an auxiliary contact of the high-voltage switch and used for receiving the switching-on signal and. According to the invention, frame interpolation processing is carried out within the set time interval before and after the auxiliary input contact is received and the frame interpolation processing method combining the quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm and the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm is adopted, so that the precision can be improved, the integral operation speed can be improved, and the requirement on the shooting frame rate of the camera can be further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of on-line monitoring of high-voltage electrical equipment, in particular to a high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device.
Background
In power transmission and transformation, especially in distribution networks, a high-voltage switch is a very important part and is used for protecting and controlling a power system, the high-voltage switch is distributed on power transmission equipment of a substation and a ring main unit, and is influenced by a processing technology, product quality, operation conditions and operation environment, switch closing and switch opening refusing often occur, even equipment explosion accidents occur occasionally due to overlong arc discharge during switching-on and switching-off, and whether the high-voltage switch normally works or not is directly related to the safe operation of the whole power grid. With the continuous improvement of the comprehensive automation level of the distribution network, higher requirements on the reliability of the high-voltage switch are necessarily provided. The failure of the high-voltage switch can bring about a plurality of power failure accidents, and the loss is far more than the cost of the equipment, so that the monitoring of the state of the high-voltage switch is required to be enhanced, the running condition of the high-voltage switch can be known, the running characteristics and the change trend of the high-voltage switch can be mastered, preventive measures or planned maintenance can be taken in advance, and potential failures can be prevented. The on-line monitoring device for the mechanical state of the high-voltage switch can monitor various mechanical parameters of the switch on line, can master the mechanical state of the breaker in the operation process at any time, analyzes, diagnoses and processes mechanical faults in time, provides a basis for a state maintenance mechanism of equipment, creates favorable conditions for the transition from scheduled maintenance to state maintenance, ensures the reliable operation of a power grid system, and has great significance.
In the prior art, both chinese patent with application number CN201510700465.2 and the article of heavy and heavy waves disclose a method for acquiring a state parameter of a circuit breaker based on non-contact measurement, based on a method for identifying a motion parameter of a moving contact of the circuit breaker based on image processing, an image of an auxiliary marker fixed on the moving contact of the circuit breaker is shot by a high-speed camera, and a mechanical characteristic of a motion of an opening and closing structure of the circuit breaker is obtained by analyzing a motion of the auxiliary marker. The high-voltage switch generally has the closing time of 30-70 ms, the opening time of 20-50 ms, the stroke of 10-15 mm, the closing speed of 0.6-0.8 m/s, the opening speed of 0.9-1.2 m/s, and the closing synchronization and the bounce of less than 3 ms. Although the frame rate of the mobile phone camera is from 25FPS to 60FPS, then to 240FPS, even 960FPS, the mechanical characteristics of the switch are obtained by analyzing the motion track of the switch body or the operating link, and the frame rate of the camera is required to be higher. For example, the shortest time for opening the gate is 20ms, and in order to achieve the measurement accuracy of 1ms, a high-speed camera with the speed of more than 1000 FPS is required; in order to achieve the measurement accuracy of 0.5ms, an ultra-high-speed camera above 2000 FPS is required; to achieve higher accuracy, more specialized cameras need to be employed. In addition, if the frame rate is increased only by hardware iteration of the camera, there is a limitation in that the light captured by the camera sensor per unit time is limited and the hardware iteration of the camera has a long period. In addition, the higher the frame rate, the more the camera cost is multiplied.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a new monitoring scheme for mechanical characteristics of a high voltage switch, which can reduce the cost of the device while ensuring the monitoring performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device, which is characterized in that through the improvement of an integral structure and a monitoring method, specifically, through carrying out frame interpolation processing in a set time interval before and after receiving a closing in-place signal of an auxiliary input contact, and adopting a frame interpolation processing method combining a quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm and a depth perception frame interpolation algorithm, the precision can be improved, the integral operation speed can also be improved, and the requirement on the shooting frame rate of a camera can be further reduced.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device, which comprises: the high-voltage switch comprises a high-speed camera, a current transformer, an auxiliary contact input interface and a core processing unit, wherein the high-speed camera, the current transformer and the auxiliary contact input interface are electrically connected with the core processing unit, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the switching-on and switching-off motion tracks of a high-voltage switch body, the current transformer is used for collecting the action current of a switching-on coil and a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and the auxiliary contact input interface is connected with an auxiliary contact of the high-voltage switch and used for receiving the switching-on signal and the switching-off signal of;
the core processing unit is used for executing the following processing steps:
monitoring the output signal of a current transformer connected with a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the closing start time as T when the current of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10Triggering the rapid camera to shoot the closing motion track of the high-voltage switch body, and recording the image shot by the rapid camera within a first time interval;
monitoring the closing state input of the auxiliary contact input interface, and recording the time T of receiving the closing in-place signal11To said T11Performing frame interpolation processing on images shot by the fast camera in a second time interval before and after the time;
identifying the shot and frame-inserted processed closing motion track image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch closing state curve and a switch closing travel curve;
analyzing the switch-on state curve and the switch-on stroke curve of the switch to obtain a switch-on parameter of the high-voltage switch;
monitoring output signals of a current transformer connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20Triggering the rapid camera to shoot the opening motion track of the high-voltage switch body, and recording images shot by the rapid camera in a third time interval;
monitoring the brake-off state input of the auxiliary contact input interface, and recording the time T of receiving the brake-off in-place signal21Forming a switch opening state curve;
identifying the shot high-voltage switch body opening motion track image to form a switch opening travel curve;
and analyzing the switch opening state curve and the switch opening stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch opening parameters.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch according to the present invention, the pair of T-shaped switches11The frame interpolation processing of the images shot by the fast camera in the second time interval before and after the time specifically comprises the following steps:
for any continuous four-frame picture I in the shot image-1、I0、I1、I2Firstly, a quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is utilized in I0Frame and I1Inserting I between framestA frame;
then using depth perception frame interpolation algorithm in I0Frame and ItInserting I between framest1Frames, and, in ItFrame and I1Inserting I between framest2And (5) frame.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention, the identifying the photographed and frame-inserted closing motion trajectory image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch closing state curve and a switch closing stroke curve specifically includes:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the coordinates of the central points of the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2;
calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 for each frame of image, and calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 at the T11Searching the minimum distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 in a second time interval before and after the time, and setting a switch closing state judgment value as the sum of the minimum distance and an adjustment value;
judging each frame of image, if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is greater than the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is not closed, recording the switch-on state value as 0, if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is less than or equal to the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is closed, and recording the switch-on state value as 1;
performing frame-by-frame point tracing on the switch closing state value to form a switch closing state curve;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch closing stroke value, and performing point-by-frame tracing to form a switch closing stroke curve.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention, the analyzing of the switch closing state curve and the switch closing stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch closing parameters specifically includes:
calculating the difference between the tail end value and the initial end value of the switch closing stroke curve to obtain a closing stroke;
searching the last change point of the switch closing state value of the switch closing state curve, and recording the time corresponding to the point as T13Calculating the time T13And time T10Obtaining the closing time according to the difference;
calculating the time T11Obtaining the closing speed by the slope of the switch closing state curve in the fourth time interval;
calculating the tail end value and the time T of the switch closing stroke curve11Obtaining the closing overtravel by the difference of the corresponding closing stroke values of the switches;
computingTime T13And time T11Obtaining the closing bounce by the difference;
and calculating the maximum difference of the three-phase closing time to obtain the closing synchronization.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention, the identifying the shot opening motion trajectory image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch opening stroke curve specifically includes:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the coordinates of the central points of the identifier 0 and the identifier 2;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch opening travel value, and drawing points frame by frame to form the switch opening travel curve.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch according to the present invention, the forming of the switching-off state curve specifically includes:
T21before time, the opening state is not changed, the switch is closed, and the opening state value of the switch is recorded as 1;
T21and after time, the opening state changes, which represents that the switch is not closed, and the opening state value of the switch is recorded to be 0.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention, the analyzing the switching-off state curve and the switching-off stroke curve to obtain the switching-off parameters of the high-voltage switch specifically includes:
calculating the difference between the initial value and the tail value of the switch opening travel curve to obtain the opening travel;
calculating the time T21And time T20Obtaining the gate-separating time by the difference;
calculating the time T21The slope of the switch opening state curve in the fifth time interval and the opposite value are obtained to obtain the opening speed;
and calculating the difference value between the starting end value of the switch opening travel curve and the minimum switch opening travel value to obtain the opening rebound.
Preferably, the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch further comprises an auxiliary output contact electrically connected to the core processing unit for outputting an alarm signal, and the core processing unit is further configured to execute the following processing steps:
monitoring the output signal of a current transformer connected with a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the closing start time as T when the current of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10And then when the monitored current of the closing coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the closing coil as T12；
Calculating T12-T10Time interval when T12-T10When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the closing coil, the early warning signal of the closing coil is output through the auxiliary output contact, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the closing coil12-T10When the time interval is greater than the alarm preset value of the closing coil, outputting an alarm signal of the closing coil through the auxiliary output contact;
monitoring output signals of a current transformer connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20And then when the current of the monitored brake separating coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the brake separating coil as T22；
Calculating T22-T20Time interval when T22-T20When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the opening coil, the early warning signal of the opening coil is output through the auxiliary output contact, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the opening coil22-T20And when the time interval is greater than the alarm preset value of the opening coil, outputting an alarm signal of the opening coil through the auxiliary output contact.
Preferably, in the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention, the current transformer is further configured to collect a current of a closing spring energy storage motor, and the core processing unit is further configured to execute the following processing steps:
monitoring the current of the closing spring energy storage motor to form a closing spring energy storage motor current curve;
calculating the duration time of a non-zero value of current on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the energy storage time of the closing spring energy storage motor;
selecting a maximum value on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain a starting maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor;
and selecting a peak value except the maximum value on the current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the working maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor.
Preferably, the device for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch provided by the present invention further includes a communication interface, the communication interface is electrically connected to the core processing unit and is configured to communicate with the monitoring background, and the core processing unit is further configured to execute the following processing steps:
and communicating with the monitoring background through the communication interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, frame insertion processing is carried out within a set time interval before and after the auxiliary input contact is received to the closing in-place signal, so that compared with frame insertion at other time intervals, the precision can be improved, the integral operation speed can also be improved, and the requirement on the shooting frame rate of the camera can be further reduced;
(2) according to the method, the frame interpolation is processed by combining the quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm and the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm, the defect of the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm is made up by using the characteristic that the nonlinear violent motion of the quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is more accurate, and the requirement on the frame rate of a video camera is greatly reduced by using the characteristics that the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm is compact, efficient, fully differentiable and easy to realize multi-frame interpolation;
(3) according to the captured motion image of the switch body or the operation link rod and time axes of various states, switch-on time, switch-off time, switch-on speed, switch-off speed, switch-on stroke, switch-off stroke, switch-on over-travel, switch-on synchronization, switch-on bounce, switch-off bounce, switch-on coil current, switch-off coil current, switch-on spring energy storage motor current and other switch characteristic parameters are obtained through calculation, and the switch characteristic parameters can be subsequently input into a preset expert evaluation model to comprehensively evaluate the health state of the high-voltage switch, and early warning and warning information can be provided for a user or a background monitoring system through an auxiliary output contact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a closing movement trajectory of the high-voltage switch body according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a switch closing stroke curve and a switch closing state curve of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a large diamond search pattern and a small diamond search pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a switching-off motion track of the high-voltage switch body according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a switching-off stroke curve and a switching-off state curve of the switch according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a closing coil current curve and a closing trigger signal curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a current curve of the opening coil and a curve of the opening trigger signal according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a current curve of a closing spring energy storage motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a device 100 for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high voltage switch, comprising: the high-voltage switch comprises a quick camera 101, a current transformer 102, an auxiliary contact input interface 103 and a core processing unit 104, wherein the quick camera 101, the current transformer 102 and the auxiliary contact input interface 103 are all electrically connected with the core processing unit 104, the quick camera 101 is used for shooting switching-on and switching-off motion tracks of a high-voltage switch body 200, the current transformer 102 is used for collecting action currents of a switching-on coil and a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and the auxiliary contact input interface 103 is connected with an auxiliary contact 205 of the high-voltage switch and used for receiving a switching-on signal and a switching-off signal of the auxiliary;
the core processing unit 104 is configured to perform the following processing steps:
monitoring an output signal of a current transformer 102 connected to a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording closing start time as T when the current of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10Triggering the rapid camera 101 to shoot a closing motion track of the high-voltage switch body 200, and recording an image shot by the rapid camera 101 in a first time interval;
monitoring the closing state input of the auxiliary contact input interface 103, and recording the time T of receiving the closing in-place signal11To T11Performing frame interpolation processing on images shot by the fast camera 101 in a second time interval before and after the time;
recognizing the shot and frame-inserted processed closing motion track image of the high-voltage switch body 200 to form a switch closing state curve and a switch closing travel curve;
analyzing a switch-on state curve and a switch-on stroke curve of the switch to obtain a switch-on parameter of the high-voltage switch;
monitoring the output signal of a current transformer 103 connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20Triggering the rapid camera 101 to shoot the opening motion track of the high-voltage switch body 200, and recording images shot by the rapid camera 101 in a third time interval;
monitoring the brake-off state input of the auxiliary contact input interface 103, and recording the time T of receiving the brake-off in-place signal21Forming a switch opening state curve;
identifying the shot opening motion track image of the high-voltage switch body 200 to form a switch opening travel curve;
and analyzing the switch-off state curve and the switch-off stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch-off parameters.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage switch body includes the fixed contact 201, the movable contact 202 and the insulating pull rod 203, and the high voltage switchThe switch also comprises an operating link 204 and an auxiliary contact 205, after the switching-on or switching-off operation is completed, the high-voltage switch moving contact 202, the insulating pull rod 203 or the operating link 204 drives the auxiliary contact 205 to switch, and the auxiliary contact can be used for transmitting a switch position signal, specifically a switching-on in-place signal or a switching-off in-place signal. T is11During time, the auxiliary contact 205 sends a switch-on in-place signal, and the high-voltage switch reaches a just-on state. T is21During the time, the auxiliary contact 205 sends out a brake-off in-place signal, and the high-voltage switch reaches a state of just being switched off.
After a closing coil of the high-voltage switch is electrified, a movable coil iron core starts to move, the high-voltage switch is closed, working current of the closing coil is sampled and compared with reference voltage to generate a high level, the core processing unit 104 enters closing signal interruption and simultaneously triggers the fast camera 101 to start capturing motion images of the switch body 200 or the operating link 204, wherein the duration of a first time interval is longer than the total duration of closing execution of the high-voltage switch. Due to the existence of the closing bounce, frame interpolation processing is performed in a second time interval before and after the auxiliary input contact 205 is received to the closing in-place signal, and compared with frame interpolation in other time intervals, the frame interpolation processing method can improve the precision, can also improve the overall operation speed, and can further reduce the requirement on the shooting frame rate of the camera. In some embodiments, the second time interval may be set to 5 ms.
After the opening coil of the high-voltage switch is electrified, the coil movable iron core starts to move, the high-voltage switch performs opening, the working current of the opening coil is sampled and compared with the reference voltage to generate a high level, the core processing unit 104 enters opening signal interruption and simultaneously triggers the quick camera 101 to start capturing the moving image of the switch body 200 or the operating link 204, wherein the duration of the third time interval is greater than the total duration of the opening performed by the high-voltage switch. Because the high-voltage switch is opened by the opening spring and the energy storage motor releasing energy storage, the opening process has no bounce, and the opening in-place signal of the auxiliary input contact 205 is received, so that the opening state curve of the switch can be directly formed.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, for T11Pictures taken by the fast camera in a second time interval before and after the timeThe image frame interpolation processing specifically comprises the following steps:
for any continuous four-frame picture I in the shot image-1、I0、I1、I2Firstly, a quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is utilized in I0Frame and I1Inserting I between framestA frame;
then using depth perception frame interpolation algorithm in I0Frame and ItInserting I between framest1Frames, and, in ItFrame and I1Inserting I between framest2And (5) frame.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of the quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is as described in the following article: xiangyu Xu, Li Siyao, Wenxiu Sun, Qian Yin, Ming-Hsua Yang, "Quadratic video interpolation", conference of neural information processing systems (NeuroIPS 2019) in 2019, Vancouver, Canada, pages 1645 and 1654, 2019. The specific implementation of the depth-aware frame interpolation algorithm is described in the following articles: wenbo Bao, Wei-Sheng Lai, Chao Ma, Xiaoyun Zhang, Zhiyong Gao, Ming-hsuanan Yang, "Depth-Aware Video Frame interpolaration [ Depth-Aware Video Frame ]", IEEE international computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR 2019) conference in 2019, long beach california in usa, page 3703 + 3712, 2019.
It should be noted that conventional frame interpolation methods, such as phase-based video interpolation, Deep Voxel Flow (DVF) -based video interpolation, adaptive Separable Convolution (SepConv) video interpolation, and supersslomo video interpolation, assume that the motion between adjacent frames is uniform, i.e., moves at a constant speed along a straight line. However, motion in real scenes is often complex, non-linear, and conventional linear models can result in inaccurate results for frame interpolation. The embodiment of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the nonlinear violent motion of the quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is more accurate to make up the defect of the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm, and utilizes the characteristics that the depth perception frame interpolation algorithm is compact, efficient, completely differentiable and easy to realize multi-frame interpolation, thereby greatly reducing the requirement on the frame rate of the video camera. In specific implementation, the invention combines a quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm with a depth perception frame interpolation algorithm, and once iteration is performed, so that the frame rate can be increased by 3 times, and the original frame rate of 960FPS can be increased to 3840FPS, thereby realizing the precision of 0.26 ms.
Further, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment, the method for recognizing the switching-on motion trajectory image of the high-voltage switch body after the shooting and the frame insertion processing to form a switch switching-on state curve and a switch switching-on stroke curve specifically includes:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the center point coordinates of the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2;
calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 for each frame of image, and calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 at T11Searching the minimum distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 in a second time interval before and after the time, and setting a switch closing state judgment value as the sum of the minimum distance and the adjustment value;
judging each frame of image, if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is greater than the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is not closed, recording the switch-on state value as 0, and if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is less than or equal to the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is closed, recording the switch-on state value as 1;
performing frame-by-frame point tracing on the switch closing state value to form a switch closing state curve;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch closing stroke value, and performing point-by-point drawing frame by frame to form a switch closing stroke curve.
In this embodiment, the closing movement locus of the high-voltage switch body is as shown in fig. 2, and includes an initial state, a starting state, a just closing state, and an over travel state. T is10Starting time, starting closing, and taking the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 0 as a stroke calibration initial value until a movable iron core of a closing coil impacts a closing trip, wherein the state of a high-voltage switch cannot be changed; when the switch-on tripping action is performed, the high-voltage switch starts switch-on, and the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 1 cannot be increasedThe distance between the mark 1 and the mark 0 is gradually reduced; t is11During time, a closing in-place signal is received, the high-voltage switch reaches a closing state, the distance between the identifier 1 and the identifier 0 cannot change, the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 0 continues to be reduced, a spring on the insulating pull rod is compressed until the spring stops at last, and overtravel is formed. The change of the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 0 with time forms a switch closing stroke curve, and an example of the switch closing stroke curve is shown in fig. 3.
Due to the fact that switching-on bounce exists, when the switching-on state of the high-voltage switch is judged, instead of directly recording the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1, the switching-on state judgment value of the switch is set to be the sum of the minimum distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 and the adjustment value, and the switching state is determined by judging whether the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 is larger than the switching-on state judgment value, so that the difficulty in judging the switching state due to jitter or identification precision in practical application can be overcome, and the monitoring reliability is improved. The adjustment value can be set according to the actual monitoring condition and the identification precision. An example of a switch closing state curve is shown in fig. 3.
It should be noted that the application of the diamond search algorithm to the block matching motion estimation is the prior art, and was first proposed by s. In this embodiment, for the first frame image, image blocks including an identifier 0, an identifier 1, and an identifier 2 are respectively selected as reference image blocks, the size of the reference image block is mxn, and a center pixel coordinate is obtained, that is, a center point coordinate of the identifier 0, the identifier 1, and the identifier 2 in the first frame image is respectively and correspondingly obtained; obtaining an image block most similar to the reference image block in the next frame of image through a diamond search algorithm, and obtaining the central pixel coordinates of the most similar image block, namely obtaining the central point coordinates of the identifier 0, the identifier 1 and the identifier 2 in the next frame of image respectively and correspondingly; and updating the reference image block by adopting the most similar image block, and continuously searching the next frame of image.
The diamond search algorithm comprises a large diamond search mode and a small diamond search mode, as shown in fig. 4, the large diamond search mode has 9 search points, including a search center and 8 surrounding points distributed according to a diamond shape; the small diamond search mode has 5 search points, including a search center and 4 points adjacent to the search center in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a small diamond. The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out coarse search by using a large diamond search mode with larger step size, and then carrying out fine search by using a small diamond search mode. The searching steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: firstly, taking the center point of a search window as the center, taking a diamond as a template, calculating the SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) value of nine points of the center point and eight points around the center point, and comparing to obtain the point with the minimum SAD value;
the second step is that: if the center point of the search is the point with the minimum SAD value, jumping to the third step to use a small diamond search template, otherwise, taking the point with the minimum SAD value as the center, and returning to the search of the first step;
the third step: and calculating the SAD value of the 5 points by using a small diamond search template with the search point number of only 5 points, taking the point with the minimum SAD value as the optimal matching point, wherein the coordinate of the optimal matching point is the most similar image block center pixel coordinate.
Wherein the SAD value is calculated using the following formula:
wherein (i, j) is the position of the central pixel, fnIs the pixel value size of the current frame, fn-1The pixel value of the reference image block is obtained, M is the number of pixels of the reference image block in the x-axis direction, and N is the number of pixels of the reference image block in the y-axis direction.
Further, referring to fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment, the analyzing of the switch closing state curve and the switch closing stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch closing parameters specifically includes:
calculating the difference between the tail end value and the initial end value of the switch closing stroke curve to obtain a closing stroke;
searching the last change point of the switch closing state value of the switch closing state curve, and recording the time corresponding to the point as T13Calculating the time T13And time T10Obtaining the closing time according to the difference;
calculating the time T11Obtaining the closing speed by the slope of the switch closing state curve in the fourth time interval;
calculating the tail end value and the time T of the switch closing stroke curve11Obtaining the closing overtravel by the difference of the corresponding closing stroke values of the switches;
calculating the time T13And time T11Obtaining the closing bounce by the difference;
and calculating the maximum difference of the three-phase closing time to obtain the closing synchronization.
In some embodiments, the fourth time interval is 6 mm.
Further, referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, as a preferred embodiment, the step of recognizing the shot opening motion trajectory image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch opening stroke curve specifically includes:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the mark 0 and the mark 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the center point coordinates of the mark 0 and the mark 2;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch opening travel value, and drawing points frame by frame to form a switch opening travel curve.
In this embodiment, the opening motion trajectory of the high-voltage switch body is as shown in fig. 5, and includes a closing state, an opening start, a just opening state, and an opening state. T is20Starting time, starting opening a brake, and ensuring that the state of a high-voltage switch cannot be changed before a movable iron core of a brake opening coil impacts an opening trip; after tripping action of the brake separating, the high-voltage switch is started to separate the brake, the distance between the identifier 1 and the identifier 0 cannot be changed, and the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 1 is gradually increased; t is21And during time, receiving a brake-separating in-place signal, enabling the high-voltage switch to reach a state of just separating, enabling the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 1 not to change, continuously increasing the distance between the identifier 2 and the identifier 0 until the brake-separating is stopped finally, and completing the brake-separating. Distance of marker 2 and marker 0 over timeThe variation forms a switch opening travel curve, an example of which is shown in fig. 6.
In this embodiment, the implementation method for respectively searching for the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image by using the diamond search algorithm and respectively finding out the coordinates of the center points of the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 is the same as that described above, and is not repeated here.
Further, referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, as a preferred embodiment, the forming of the switch opening state curve specifically includes:
T21before time, the opening state is not changed, the switch is closed, and the opening state value of the switch is recorded as 1;
T21and after time, the opening state changes, which represents that the switch is not closed, and the opening state value of the switch is recorded to be 0.
In this embodiment, the opening in-place signal sent by the auxiliary contact 205 can be used to directly obtain the opening state curve of the switch, so as to avoid searching the central point of the identifier 1, thereby improving the calculation efficiency. An example of a switch opening state curve is shown in fig. 6.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the high-voltage switch opening parameter obtained by analyzing the switch opening state curve and the switch opening stroke curve is specifically:
calculating the difference between the initial value and the tail value of the switch opening stroke curve to obtain the opening stroke;
calculating the time T21And time T20Obtaining the gate-separating time by the difference;
calculating the time T21The slope of the switch opening state curve in the fifth time interval and the absolute value are taken to obtain the opening speed;
and calculating the difference value between the starting end value of the switch opening travel curve and the minimum switch opening travel value to obtain the opening rebound.
In some embodiments, the fifth time interval is 6 mm.
Further, referring to fig. 1, fig. 7 and fig. 8, as a preferred embodiment, the high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring apparatus 100 further includes an auxiliary output contact 105, the auxiliary output contact 105 is electrically connected to the core processing unit 104 for outputting an alarm signal, and the core processing unit 104 is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
monitoring an output signal of a current transformer 102 connected with a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording closing start time as T when the current value of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10And then when the current value of the monitored closing coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the closing coil as T12；
Calculating T12-T10Time interval when T12-T10When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the closing coil, the early warning signal of the closing coil is output through the auxiliary output contact 105, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the closing coil12-T10When the time interval is greater than the alarm preset value of the closing coil, outputting a closing coil alarm signal through the auxiliary output contact 105;
monitoring an output signal of a current transformer 102 connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current value of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20And then when the current value of the monitored opening coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the opening coil as T22；
Calculating T22-T20Time interval when T22-T20When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the opening coil, the early warning signal of the opening coil is output through the auxiliary output contact 105, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the opening coil22-T20When the time interval is larger than the alarm preset value of the opening coil, the alarm signal of the opening coil is output through the auxiliary output contact 105.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, when the current value of the closing coil is higher than the set value, the closing trigger signal value is 1, the trigger fast camera 101 photographs the closing movement track of the high voltage switch body 200, and when the current value of the closing coil is lower than the set value, the closing trigger signal value is 0, thereby forming a closing trigger signal curve. When T is12-T10The larger the time interval is, the slower the moving iron core of the closing coil moves, the performance is reduced, the early warning and the alarm of the closing coil can be carried out according to the preset value, and the early warning can be provided for a user or a background monitoring system by the auxiliary output contact 105And alarm information.
Referring to fig. 8, when the current value of the opening coil is higher than the set value, the opening trigger signal value is 1, the fast camera 101 is triggered to shoot the opening motion track of the high voltage switch body 200, and when the current value of the opening coil is lower than the set value, the opening trigger signal value is 0, thereby forming an opening trigger signal curve. When T is22-T20The larger the time interval is, the slower the moving iron core of the opening coil moves, the performance is reduced, the opening coil can be used for early warning and alarming according to a preset value, and early warning and alarming information can be provided for a user or a background monitoring system through the auxiliary output contact 105.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 9, as a preferred embodiment, the current transformer 102 is further configured to collect current of a closing spring energy storage motor, and the core processing unit 104 is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
monitoring the current of the closing spring energy storage motor to form a closing spring energy storage motor current curve;
calculating the duration time of a non-zero value of current on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the energy storage time of the closing spring energy storage motor;
selecting a maximum value on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain a starting maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor;
and selecting a peak value except the maximum value on the current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the working maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor.
In this embodiment, after the high-voltage switch is switched on, the energy stored in the switching-on spring is released, and for the next switching-on, the energy storage motor will start to enable the spring to automatically store energy, and the current curve of the switching-on spring energy storage motor is shown in fig. 9. The shorter the energy storage time is, the smaller the working current of the energy storage motor is, the smaller the elasticity of the energy storage spring is, and the energy storage spring needs to be replaced when the energy storage time is smaller than the preset value, so that the situation that the switch cannot be switched on is avoided.
Further, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment, the high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring apparatus 100 further includes a communication interface 106, the communication interface 106 is electrically connected to the core processing unit 104 and is configured to communicate with the monitoring background, and the core processing unit 104 is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
and communicates with the monitoring background through the communication interface 106.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the core processing unit 104 calculates and obtains the switch full characteristic parameters such as the closing time, the opening time, the closing speed, the opening speed, the closing stroke, the opening stroke, the closing over-travel, the closing synchronization, the closing bounce, the opening bounce, the closing coil current, the opening coil current, and the closing spring energy storage motor current according to the captured motion image of the switch body 200 or the operating link 204 and the time axes of the states. The core processing unit 104 may then input these switch characteristic parameters into a preset expert evaluation model to comprehensively evaluate the high voltage switch health status.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone with the teaching of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention, are within the protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. A high-voltage switch mechanical characteristic monitoring device, comprising: the high-voltage switch comprises a high-speed camera, a current transformer, an auxiliary contact input interface and a core processing unit, wherein the high-speed camera, the current transformer and the auxiliary contact input interface are electrically connected with the core processing unit, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the switching-on and switching-off motion tracks of a high-voltage switch body, the current transformer is used for collecting the action current of a switching-on coil and a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and the auxiliary contact input interface is connected with an auxiliary contact of the high-voltage switch and used for receiving the switching-on signal and the switching-off signal of;
the core processing unit is used for executing the following processing steps:
monitoring the output signal of a current transformer connected with a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the closing start time as T when the current of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10High-voltage switch body box for triggering quick camera shootingThe gate movement track records images shot by the fast camera within a first time interval;
monitoring the closing state input of the auxiliary contact input interface, and recording the time T of receiving the closing in-place signal11To said T11Performing frame interpolation processing on images shot by the fast camera in a second time interval before and after the time;
identifying the shot and frame-inserted processed closing motion track image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch closing state curve and a switch closing travel curve;
analyzing the switch-on state curve and the switch-on stroke curve of the switch to obtain a switch-on parameter of the high-voltage switch;
monitoring output signals of a current transformer connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20Triggering the rapid camera to shoot the opening motion track of the high-voltage switch body, and recording images shot by the rapid camera in a third time interval;
monitoring the brake-off state input of the auxiliary contact input interface, and recording the time T of receiving the brake-off in-place signal21Forming a switch opening state curve;
identifying the shot high-voltage switch body opening motion track image to form a switch opening travel curve;
and analyzing the switch opening state curve and the switch opening stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch opening parameters.
2. A device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of a high-voltage switch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said pair of T11The frame interpolation processing of the images shot by the fast camera in the second time interval before and after the time specifically comprises the following steps:
for any continuous four-frame picture I in the shot image-1、I0、I1、I2Firstly, a quadratic element frame interpolation algorithm is utilized in I0Frame and I1Inserting I between framestA frame;
then using depth perception frame interpolation algorithm in I0Frame and ItInserting I between framest1Frames, and, in ItFrame and I1Inserting I between framest2And (5) frame.
3. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the photographed and frame-inserted images of the closing motion trajectory of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch closing state curve and a switch closing stroke curve specifically comprises:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the coordinates of the central points of the mark 0, the mark 1 and the mark 2;
calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 for each frame of image, and calculating the distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 at the T11Searching the minimum distance between the mark 0 and the mark 1 in a second time interval before and after the time, and setting a switch closing state judgment value as the sum of the minimum distance and an adjustment value, wherein the adjustment value is set according to the actual monitoring condition and the identification precision;
judging each frame of image, if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is greater than the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is not closed, recording the switch-on state value as 0, if the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 1 is less than or equal to the switch-on state judgment value, indicating that the switch is closed, and recording the switch-on state value as 1;
performing frame-by-frame point tracing on the switch closing state value to form a switch closing state curve;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch closing stroke value, and performing point-by-frame tracing to form a switch closing stroke curve.
4. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 3, wherein the analysis of the switch closing state curve and the switch closing stroke curve to obtain the high-voltage switch closing parameters specifically comprises:
calculating the difference between the tail end value and the initial end value of the switch closing stroke curve to obtain a closing stroke;
searching the last change point of the switch closing state value of the switch closing state curve, and recording the time corresponding to the point as T13Calculating the time T13And time T10Obtaining the closing time according to the difference;
calculating the time T11Obtaining the closing speed by the slope of the switch closing state curve in the fourth time interval;
calculating the tail end value and the time T of the switch closing stroke curve11Obtaining the closing overtravel by the difference of the corresponding closing stroke values of the switches;
calculating the time T13And time T11Obtaining the closing bounce by the difference;
and calculating the maximum difference of the three-phase closing time to obtain the closing synchronization.
5. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the shot opening motion track image of the high-voltage switch body to form a switch opening travel curve specifically comprises the following steps:
the static contact, the moving contact and the insulating pull rod of the high-voltage switch body are respectively provided with a mark 0, a mark 1 and a mark 2;
respectively searching the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image by using a diamond search algorithm, and respectively finding out the coordinates of the central points of the identifier 0 and the identifier 2;
and calculating the distance between the identifier 0 and the identifier 2 for each frame of image to obtain a switch opening travel value, and drawing points frame by frame to form the switch opening travel curve.
6. The apparatus for monitoring mechanical characteristics of a high voltage switch according to claim 5, wherein the forming of the switch opening state curve is specifically:
T21before time, the opening state is not changed, representing that the switch is closed, and recording the openingThe closing and opening state value is 1;
T21and after time, the opening state changes, which represents that the switch is not closed, and the opening state value of the switch is recorded to be 0.
7. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 6, wherein the analysis of the switch opening state curve and the switch opening travel curve to obtain the high-voltage switch opening parameters specifically comprises:
calculating the difference between the initial value and the tail value of the switch opening travel curve to obtain the opening travel;
calculating the time T21And time T20Obtaining the gate-separating time by the difference;
calculating the time T21The slope of the switch opening state curve in the fifth time interval and the opposite value are obtained to obtain the opening speed;
and calculating the difference value between the starting end value of the switch opening travel curve and the minimum switch opening travel value to obtain the opening rebound.
8. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary output contact electrically connected to the core processing unit for outputting an alarm signal, wherein the core processing unit is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
monitoring the output signal of a current transformer connected with a closing coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the closing start time as T when the current of the monitored closing coil is higher than a set value10And then when the monitored current of the closing coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the closing coil as T12；
Calculating T12-T10Time interval when T12-T10When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the closing coil, the early warning signal of the closing coil is output through the auxiliary output contact, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the closing coil12-T10When the time interval is greater than the alarm preset value of the closing coil, outputting an alarm signal of the closing coil through the auxiliary output contact;
monitoring output signals of a current transformer connected with a switching-off coil of the high-voltage switch, and recording the switching-off starting time as T when the current of the monitored switching-off coil is higher than a set value20And then when the current of the monitored brake separating coil is lower than a set value, recording the power-off time of the brake separating coil as T22；
Calculating T22-T20Time interval when T22-T20When the time interval is larger than the early warning preset value of the opening coil, the early warning signal of the opening coil is output through the auxiliary output contact, and when T is greater than the early warning preset value of the opening coil22-T20And when the time interval is greater than the alarm preset value of the opening coil, outputting an alarm signal of the opening coil through the auxiliary output contact.
9. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 1, wherein the current transformer is further configured to collect a current of a closing spring energy storage motor, and the core processing unit is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
monitoring the current of the closing spring energy storage motor to form a closing spring energy storage motor current curve;
calculating the duration time of a non-zero value of current on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the energy storage time of the closing spring energy storage motor;
selecting a maximum value on a current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain a starting maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor;
and selecting a peak value except the maximum value on the current curve of the closing spring energy storage motor to obtain the working maximum current of the closing spring energy storage motor.
10. The device for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the high-voltage switch according to claim 1, further comprising a communication interface electrically connected to the core processing unit for communicating with the monitoring back-end, wherein the core processing unit is further configured to perform the following processing steps:
and communicating with the monitoring background through the communication interface.
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| CN114428488B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2024-06-18 | 重庆允丰科技有限公司 | Equipment state monitoring method and system based on industrial Internet platform |
| CN116026292B (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-07-28 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Breaker travel track reproduction device and method based on three-eye imaging principle |
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