CN112588207B - Vertical radial flow reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical radial flow reactor, which comprises a reactor shell, a central gas distribution pipe, a catalyst frame, a gas collector and a pipe bundle, wherein the central gas distribution pipe, the catalyst frame, the gas collector and the pipe bundle are arranged in the reactor shell, the gas collector is connected with an inner wall of the reactor shell, two ends of the central gas distribution pipe are respectively connected with a gas inlet pipe, the upper end and the lower end of the gas collector are respectively connected with the reactor shell, an annular gas collection area is formed between the gas collector and the reactor shell, one end of the gas collector is fixedly connected with the reactor shell to form a fixed end, the other end of the gas collector is movably connected with the reactor shell through a telescopic flexible structure to form a movable end, and two ends of the pipe bundle are respectively connected with an annular pipe box. The invention can eliminate the thermal deformation difference caused by the temperature difference between the metal temperature of the collector cylinder and the metal temperature of the reactor shell, effectively prevents the welding part of the collector and the shell from cracking, and greatly improves the reliability of the connection of the gas collector and the shell.

Description

A vertical radial flow reactor

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vertical shell-and-tube structure reactors, and particularly relates to a vertical radial flow reactor.

Background technique

Large-scale steam ascending radial flow reactor, such as methanol synthesis tower, is a vertical shell-and-tube structure reactor, including shell, internal parts inside the shell, from the center of the equipment to the outside in the radial direction In turn, it includes a central distribution pipe, a catalyst frame, a cylindrical gas collector connected to the inner wall of the shell, and a tube bundle located in the catalyst area, etc.; wherein, the upper and lower ends of the gas collector are respectively connected to the shell, so that the gas collector An annular gas collection area is formed between it and the casing. The reaction gas enters the central gas distribution pipe through the upper and lower inlet pipes. After the reaction gas is evenly distributed through the central gas distribution pipe, the reaction gas is changed to radial flow and enters the catalyst bed for reaction. The reacted gas is collected by the external collector and then collected in the gas collection area. It then flows out through an outlet pipe that communicates with the collection area.

Since the reaction gas gradually reacts in the radial direction in the shell, and the heat of the reaction is carried away by the medium in the tube bundle arranged in the axial direction, theoretically, the bed temperature of the lower end tube bundle is equivalent to the bed temperature of the upper end tube bundle, that is, in the axial direction The temperature difference between the upper layers is small. However, the collector is close to the bed, and the shell is separated from the reaction bed by an annular gap, so that there is a temperature difference between the metal temperature of the collector cylinder and the metal temperature of the shell. Especially in the process of starting and stopping, this temperature difference causes a large axial temperature difference displacement between the large collector and the shell, which leads to the risk of failure at the connection between the collector and the shell, resulting in the cracking of the welding part of the collector and the shell.

In addition, the existing gas distribution pipe is usually structured to open holes on the pipe wall, and the size of the openings cannot be too large. The total area of the openings is subject to the process conditions and the strength requirements of the gas distribution pipe. It is usually thicker, and in actual manufacturing, it cannot be too small; in the existing equipment, gas distribution pipes with a large number of small holes are often used to ensure the uniformity of gas distribution and take into account the requirements of strength and other requirements. The gas distribution pipe has the problems that the gas distribution is not uniform enough and the pores are easily blocked.

In addition, in the existing reactor, the heat of reaction in the radial direction is taken away by the tube bundle in the axial direction. Among them, the tube bundle is the core component of the reactor. The reaction tube is arranged along the axis of the shell of the reactor, and the middle part of the reaction tube is positioned and supported by the support plate. The reaction tubes are arranged in a triangle in the middle of the reactor, and four tube bundles are integrated at both ends through circular tube sheets, which are drawn out through corresponding four outlet pipes, among which, square tubes are used on the circular tube sheets. The middle section of the reaction tube is a straight tube with a circular distribution, and the two ends are respectively bent to four round tube sheets to form an end transition section. The bending angle and direction of the end transition section of each heat exchange tube are different, so that the tube bundle is It is very difficult to design and manufacture, and because the middle of the heat exchange tube is arranged in a ring, the two ends extend to the four round tube sheets and are arranged in a circle, which leads to the staggered arrangement of the heat exchange tubes in the transition section at the end, and further. It increases the difficulty of layout, manufacture and installation of heat exchange tubes. In actual production, each heat exchange tube needs to be individually designed, manufactured and installed, which consumes a lot of manpower and time. In addition, due to the staggered phenomenon of heat exchange tubes in the transition section at the end, these staggered areas cannot be filled with catalyst and become ineffective areas for the reaction, which reduces the performance of the equipment. In addition, these areas are also prone to accumulation of impurities and are inconvenient for cleaning and maintenance. .

Finally, in the existing vertical shell-and-tube structure reactor, the tube side where the tube bundle is located is arranged in the shell side, and the two ends of the tube bundle are connected with nozzles, and the nozzles are respectively led out from the shells on the shell side. Due to the high temperature and high pressure gas in the shell side and the inconsistent temperature and pressure between the tube side and the shell side, it is easy to cause the connection between the tube side nozzle and the shell side shell to be damaged, resulting in high pressure seal failure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to: in view of the above-mentioned technical problems, to provide a vertical radial flow valve that can effectively solve the problem of cracking of the welding part of the collector and the shell caused by the temperature difference, so as to ensure the reliability of the connection between the collector and the shell. reactor.

The technical scheme of the present invention is achieved as follows: a vertical radial flow reactor, comprising a reactor shell and a central gas distribution pipe arranged in turn from the center of the reactor shell from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, A catalyst frame, a gas collector connected to the inner wall of the reactor shell, and a tube bundle located in the catalyst area, the two ends of the central gas distribution pipe are respectively connected to the gas inlet pipe, and the upper and lower ends of the gas collector are respectively connected to the reactor shell. A ring-shaped gas collection area is formed between the gas collector and the reactor shell. It is characterized in that: one end of the gas collector is fixedly connected with the reactor shell to form a fixed end, and the other end is connected through a retractable The flexible structure is movably connected with the reactor shell to form a movable end, the movable end of the gas collector can move freely in the axial direction relative to the inner side wall of the reactor shell when heated and deformed, and the two ends of the tube bundle are respectively connected to the annular shape. Tube box connection.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the gas collector includes a collector cylinder disposed inside the reactor shell, and one end of the collector cylinder is connected to the reactor shell through a fixed cover plate The inner side wall of the reactor is fixedly connected to form a fixed end, and the other end of the collector cylinder is movably connected to the inner side wall of the reactor shell through a retractable flexible structure to form a movable end. The flexible structure includes a flexible cone cover and a flexible thin a cone cover, one end of the flexible cone cover is connected with the collector cylinder, the other end of the flexible cone cover is connected with one end of the thin cone cover, and the other end of the thin cone cover is closely attached to the inside of the reactor shell; The thin conical cover includes a conical section and a cylindrical section connected in sequence, the conical section is connected with a flexible conical cover, the cylindrical section is closely attached to the inner wall of the reactor shell, and the flexible conical cover is a cone. The two ends of the flexible conical cover are respectively connected to the collector cylinder and the thin conical cover, and the middle part of the flexible conical cover is bent into an arc part toward the side of the reactor shell.

The vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention is provided with a support and fixed ring plate fixed to the reactor shell at the fixed end of the collector cylinder, and the support and fixed ring plate is fixed to the collector cylinder The connection is used for positioning and supporting the fixed end of the collector cylinder. A supporting movable ring plate is provided at the movable end of the collector cylinder, and the inner ring of the supporting movable ring plate is fixedly connected with the collector cylinder. , the outer ring of the supporting movable ring plate abuts against the inner wall surface of the reactor shell, which is used for movable support for the movable end of the collector cylinder, and is fixedly connected at the connection between the flexible cone cover and the thin cone cover There is a movable ring plate, the outer ring of the movable ring plate abuts against the inner wall surface of the reactor shell, and is used to form a movable support for the flexible cone cover and the thin cone cover. Ventilation holes are arranged on the movable ring plate.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the central gas distribution pipe includes at least one cylindrical distribution pipe section, and the middle part of the distribution pipe section is formed by several wedge-shaped strips along the distribution pipe. The middle wedge-shaped bar cylinder is formed by the axial extension of the segment and arranged at intervals along the annular direction. The upper and lower ends of the wedge-shaped bar are respectively fixedly connected with the connecting blocks. A narrow and long air hole channel is formed between the several wedge-shaped bars. For gas distribution in the radial direction, a helical baffle is arranged inside the distribution tube section, the baffle is connected to the wedge-shaped strip and spirally extends along the axis direction of the distribution tube section.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the helical baffles are formed by continuous strips or rectangular plates to form a single helix structure, or discontinuous strips or rectangular plates to form a single helix structure , or a multi-helix structure is formed by intermittent long strips or rectangular plates, the length of the deflector extending to the center of the distribution tube section is 3-20cm, and the inclination angle of the deflector relative to the axis of the distribution tube section is 20-80 degrees, and the deflector has a certain inclination angle with respect to the inner wall surface of the distribution pipe section.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, when the central gas distribution pipe includes a plurality of distribution pipe barrel sections, the adjacent distribution pipe barrel sections are connected by a socket-and-socket structure, and the socket-socket structure includes a socket-and-socket structure arranged on the The annular L-shaped wedge openings at the corresponding ends of the adjacent distribution pipe sections are matched with each other, or the adjacent distribution pipe sections are connected by corresponding flanges.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the annular tube box is arranged inside the reactor shell and located at both ends of the tube bundle, the tube bundle communicates with the inner cavity of the annular tube box, and the annular tube box It communicates with one end of several pipes, the other end of the pipe passes through the shell head of the reactor shell and is drawn out. The plate and the head of the pipe box are surrounded by holes, and the head of the pipe box is opened and connected with one end of the connecting pipe.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the inner cylinder is respectively connected to the inner side of the head of the tube box and the annular tube sheet, and the outer cylinder is respectively connected to the outer side of the head of the tube box and the annular tube sheet The inner space of the annular tube box is formed by the annular tube sheet, the inner cylinder, the head of the tube box and the outer cylinder. The head of the tube box is an annular flat cover head or an annular half-pipe head. The box is spaced from the reactor shell, and the tube bundle and the annular tube box can move relative to the reactor shell under the action of thermal expansion.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the nozzle is connected to the reactor shell through a telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure, and the telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure includes a sleeve and a retractable structure. One end of the tube is fixedly connected to the shell head of the reactor shell, the other end of the sleeve is connected to one end of the retractable structure, the other end of the retractable structure is connected to the connector, the reactor tube The pipe-side pipe is arranged inside the casing and the retractable structure, the pipe-side pipe is connected with the connecting piece and communicated with the inside, and the inside of the connecting piece that communicates with the pipe-side pipe side is formed as a pipe-side circulation space.

In the vertical radial flow reactor of the present invention, the inside of the sleeve and the retractable structure communicate with the shell side of the reactor shell, and between the nozzle and the retractable structure and between the nozzle and the sleeve It is formed as a radial annular gap that communicates with each other and the shell side of the reactor, and the radial annular gap forms a non-flowing medium space; the upper end of the connecting piece is connected with the external pipeline, and the connecting piece is a part of the nozzle, The other end of the retractable structure is directly connected to the nozzle, the connecting piece is a cylindrical structure, one end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the retractable structure and the nozzle, and the interior of the cylinder is communicated with the interior of the nozzle to form a pipe or the connecting piece is a cylinder structure, the cross section of the cylinder wall at one end of the cylinder is Y-shaped, and a concentric inner ring and an outer ring are formed at one end of the cylinder, and the inner ring is connected to the nozzle. Butt joint, the outer ring is connected with the retractable structure.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) In the present invention, one end of the collector cylinder is fixed to the reactor shell, and the other end is set into a retractable structure through a flexible structure, thereby eliminating the existence of the metal temperature of the collector cylinder and the metal temperature of the reactor shell. The thermal deformation difference caused by the temperature difference can effectively prevent the cracking of the welding part of the collector and the shell, and greatly improve the reliability of the connection between the gas collector and the shell.

(2) The present invention solves the problem of easy blockage of the thick-walled cylindrical opening and small-hole distribution pipes through the distribution pipe assembled by the wedge-shaped strips, and reduces the resistance drop of the synthesis gas circulation, which is more conducive to the gas distribution of the synthesis gas. Some thick-walled cylinders have a long processing time for opening small holes. In order to ensure the opening accuracy, it is necessary to use the openings on the cylinder, which is more difficult to process. The wedge-shaped strip can be freely assembled into a cylindrical shape with equal clearance as required. It is easier to manufacture by welding with the connecting block, so that it is easier to ensure the flow area of the reaction gas, and effectively avoid the blockage of the pores.

(3) The present invention reduces the probability of staggered arrangement of heat exchange tubes, increases the fillable space of the catalyst, effectively solves the design and manufacture of irregularly curved tube bundles in space, and facilitates the convenience of the process without changing the original process parameters. Manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of reactors.

(4) The present invention enables the deformation of the casing to be transmitted to the telescopic structure through the sleeve through the arrangement of the telescopic structure of the nozzle, and the deformation of the nozzle is transmitted to the telescopic structure through the connecting piece, so that the deformation of the telescopic structure can absorb the The thermal expansion difference between the nozzle and the casing in the axial direction can partially offset the axial load of the external pipeline connected to the nozzle, so as to ensure the tightness and reliability of the nozzle connection.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a general schematic diagram of a reactor in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a retractable and flexible collector in the present invention.

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the flexible structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distribution tube section in the present invention.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the distribution tube section of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the spacing arrangement of the wedge bars in the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reactor in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the pipe layout of the section B-B in FIG. 7 .

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the annular tube sheet in the present invention.

Fig. 10 is another structural schematic diagram of the pipe box in the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure and the reactor shell in the present invention.

Fig. 12 is an exploded schematic view of the telescopic high pressure sealing connection structure in the present invention.

Marked in the figure: 1 is the reactor shell, 2 is the central gas distribution pipe, 3 is the catalyst frame, 4 is the gas collector, 5 is the tube bundle, 6 is the gas inlet pipe, 7 is the gas collection area, 8 is the flexible structure, 9 is an annular pipe box, 10 is a connecting pipe, 11 is a casing head, 12 is a telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure, 13 is an external pipe, 14 is an outlet pipe, 21 is a distribution pipe section, 22 is a wedge-shaped strip, and 23 is a The middle wedge-shaped cylinder, 24 is the air hole channel, 25 is the guide plate, 26 is the upper connecting block, 27 is the lower connecting block, 41 is the collector cylinder, 42 is the fixed cover plate, 43 is the support and fixed ring plate, 44 In order to support the movable ring plate, 45 is the movable ring plate, 46 is the vent hole, 47 is the reinforcement ring, 51 is the heat exchange tube, 52 is the installation space, 53 is the center of the tube bundle, 81 is the flexible cone cover, 82 is the thin cone cover, 91 is the inner cavity, 92 is the inner cylinder, 93 is the outer cylinder, 94 is the annular tube sheet, 95 is the head of the tube box, 121 is the casing, 122 is the retractable structure, 123 is the connecting piece, and 124 is the tube path Circulation space, 125 is the radial annular gap, 126 is the inner ring, 127 is the outer ring, 128 is the positioning structure, 511 is the straight pipe section, 821 is the conical section, 822 is the cylindrical section, 941 is the partition plate, and 942 is the area .

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the indicated azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in use, or the present invention. Orientation or positional relationship that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is commonly placed in use, is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must be It has a specific orientation, is constructed and operates in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to differentiate the description, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood under specific circumstances; the accompanying drawings in the embodiments are used to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, a vertical radial flow reactor includes a reactor shell 1 and a central gas distribution arranged in turn from the center of the reactor shell 1 from the inside to the outside in the radial direction. The tube 2, the catalyst frame 3, the gas collector 4 connected with the inner wall of the reactor shell 1 and the tube bundle 5 in the catalyst area, the two ends of the central gas distribution pipe 2 are respectively connected with the gas inlet pipe 6, and the gas collector The upper and lower ends of 4 are respectively connected with the reactor shell 1, an annular gas collection area 7 is formed between the gas collector 4 and the reactor shell 1, and one end of the gas collector 4 is fixed with the reactor shell 1 Connected to form a fixed end, the other end of which is movably connected to the reactor shell 1 through a retractable flexible structure 8 to form a movable end, and the movable end of the gas collector 4 can be relative to the inner side of the reactor shell 1 when heated and deformed The wall moves freely in the axial direction, and the two ends of the tube bundle 5 are respectively connected with the annular tube box 9,

Specifically, the gas collector 4 includes a collector cylinder 41 disposed inside the reactor shell 1, the collector cylinder is concentric with the reactor shell, and one end of the collector cylinder 41 is fixed by The cover plate 42 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the reactor shell 1 to form a fixed end, the fixed cover plate is a conical cover plate, the fixed cover plate is welded and fixed to the shell, and is provided on the fixed end of the collector cylinder 41 There is a supporting and fixing ring plate 43 fixed with the reactor shell 1, and the supporting and fixing ring plate 43 is fixedly connected with the collector cylinder 41 for positioning and supporting the fixed end of the collector cylinder 41, and is fixed by supporting The ring plate improves the support strength of the fixed end of the collector cylinder, and can better bear the weight of the collector. The other end of the collector cylinder 41 is connected to the inner side wall of the reactor shell 1 through the retractable flexible structure 8 The movable connection forms the movable end, and the movable end of the collector cylinder 41 is provided with a supporting movable ring plate 44, the inner ring of the supporting movable annular plate 44 is fixedly connected with the collector cylinder 41, and the supporting movable annular plate 44 is fixedly connected with the collector cylinder 41. The outer ring of 44 abuts against the inner wall surface of the reactor shell 1, and is used to movably support the movable end of the collector cylinder 41. The supporting strength of the movable end of the collector cylinder is improved by supporting the movable ring plate. The movable end of the reactor cylinder 41 can move freely in the axial direction relative to the inner side wall of the reactor shell 1 when it is deformed by heat.

When the reactant gas reacts radially and during the start and stop of the reactor, there is a large temperature difference and thermal expansion difference between the shell and the collector. The thermal expansion difference with the shell avoids the cracking of the welding part between the collector and the shell. Compared with the traditional fixed structure welded at both ends, the flexible structure is provided to improve the connection reliability of the collector.

Specifically, the flexible structure 8 includes a flexible cone cover 81 and a flexible thin cone cover 82. One end of the flexible cone cover 81 is connected to the collector cylinder 41, and the other end of the flexible cone cover 81 is connected to the thin cone cover. One end of 82 is connected, and a movable ring plate 45 is fixedly connected at the connection between the flexible cone cover 81 and the thin cone cover 82. In order to form a movable support for the flexible cone cover 81 and the thin cone cover 82, that is, without affecting the axial movement of the flexible structure, the other end of the thin cone cover 82 is closely attached to the inside of the reactor shell 1, and the gas collector 4 A relatively closed gas collection area 7 is formed between it and the inner side wall of the reactor shell 1 for separating the catalyst from the gas collection area 7 .

Wherein, the supporting fixed ring plate 43, the supporting movable ring plate 44 and the movable ring plate 45 are all provided with ventilation holes 46, and the ventilation holes are used for the communication of gas, so as to prevent the pressure difference between different spaces from being too large. The ring plate is deformed, and a reinforcement ring 47 is provided in the collector cylinder 41 near the flexible cone cover 81. The reinforcement ring 47 is continuously or spaced along the circumferential direction of the collector cylinder 41. By setting the reinforcement ring , the rigidity of the collector cylinder is improved, and the support strength of the collector can be improved when the collector is lying down.

In this embodiment, the thin conical cover 82 includes a conical section 821 and a cylindrical section 822 connected in sequence, the conical section 821 is connected to the flexible conical cover 81, and the cylindrical section 822 is closely attached to the reactor On the inner wall of the casing 1, the cylindrical section is arranged to increase the contact area between the thin cone cover and the casing, thereby improving the sealing between the collector and the casing. The flexibility of the cover, the flexible cone cover 81 is a conical cylindrical structure, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the collector cylinder 41 and the thin cone cover 82, and the middle part of the flexible cone cover 81 faces the side of the reactor shell 1 The curved portion is bent into an arc shape, and the arc structure is arranged to further improve the toughness of the flexible cone cover, thereby improving the flexibility of the flexible structure.

When the large flexible collector is in an upright state (such as normal operation), the fixed cover on the upper end of the collector is fixedly connected to the shell, and the entire collector is subjected to its own gravity and tensile stress, and the stress condition is good. When the flexible collector is in a horizontal state (such as installation and transportation), the collector not only has to bear its own weight, but also a tube bundle is arranged in the reactor. The weight of the tube bundle will be applied to the collector and then transferred to the shell. By arranging supporting ring plates at both ends of the cylinder, on the one hand, the support strength of the collector is enhanced to ensure that the collector is not collapsed by the tube bundle; on the other hand, the positioning size between the collector and the shell is ensured, Sufficient space needs to be set up between the collector and the shell to ensure that the reacted gas can be fully collected into the gas collection area and led out from the outlet pipe 15; among them, the upper and lower support ring plates and the movable ring plates are provided with uniformly distributed The small holes make the gas channels on the corresponding ring plates communicate with each other, so as to avoid the blockage of the channels and the formation of a large pressure difference and damage the collector.

Among them, the lower end of the flexible collector adopts a smooth transition movable conical cover plate and a thin conical cover, which avoids concentrated load and makes the force of the collector more uniform, and the thin conical cover has good flexibility to ensure that the collector can expand and contract freely and absorb the collector. Expansion difference with the shell, so as to avoid cracking of the welded joint of the collector due to the large expansion difference.

As shown in FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 , the central gas distribution pipe 2 includes at least one cylindrical distribution pipe section 21 , and the middle of the distribution pipe section 21 is formed by several wedge-shaped strips 22 along the distribution pipe The axial extension of the segment 21 and the middle wedge-shaped bar cylinder 23 formed by equidistant or unequal spacing along the annular direction, each wedge-shaped bar has a similar trapezoidal cross-section, is made into equal lengths, and is vertically equidistantly arranged. The upper and lower ends of the wedge-shaped bars 22 are respectively fixedly connected with the annular upper connecting block 26 and the lower connecting block 27 , and long and narrow air passages 24 are formed between the several wedge-shaped bars 22 , and the air passages 24 are used for gas distribution in the radial direction.

Existing gas distribution pipes with large holes are difficult to meet process requirements, uniform gas distribution and strength requirements, while gas distribution pipes with small holes have problems that gas distribution is not uniform enough and pores are easily blocked. The distribution pipe solves the problem of easy blockage of the distribution pipe with small holes in the thick-walled cylinder, and reduces the resistance drop of the synthesis gas flow, which is more conducive to the gas distribution of the synthesis gas. Longer, in order to ensure the drilling accuracy, it is necessary to use the hole on the cylinder, which is more difficult to process, and the wedge-shaped strip can be freely assembled into a cylindrical shape with equal clearance as required, and the upper and lower ends are welded to the connecting block, which is easier to manufacture, thereby It is easier to ensure the flow area of the reaction gas, and effectively avoid the blockage of the pores.

Specifically, a helical baffle 25 is provided inside the distribution pipe section 21 . The baffle 25 is connected to the wedge-shaped strip 22 and extends helically along the axis of the distribution pipe section 21 . The direction is consistent with the direction of the gas entering the cylinder section, the helical baffle 25 is formed by a continuous strip or rectangular plate to form a single helix structure, or a single helix structure formed by an interrupted strip or rectangular plate, or by intermittent The long strips or rectangular plates form a multi-helix structure. Wherein, the multi-helix structure is similar to the distribution of multiple internal threads, and the helix of the multi-helix structure may specifically be 2-6 or more.

In this embodiment, the length of the deflector 25 extending to the center of the distribution tube section 21 is 3-20 cm, preferably 5-15 cm. When the diameter of the tube section is about 1m, the length of the above-mentioned baffle plate can effectively improve the mixing efficiency and reduce the gas resistance as much as possible; the inclination angle of the baffle plate 25 relative to the axis of the distribution tube section 21 is 20-80 degrees. , preferably 30-60 degrees, more preferably 45 degrees, according to theoretical calculation, numerical simulation analysis, experimental verification and actual operation effect, determine the angle of the above-mentioned deflector can effectively improve the mixing efficiency and reduce the resistance as much as possible; The baffle 25 is not vertical with respect to the inner wall surface of the distribution tube section 21, that is, has a certain inclination angle, so as to prevent impurities from gathering on the baffle.

The strength and stability of the wedge-shaped distribution pipe are effectively increased by arranging the helical baffles with a certain interval on the wedge-shaped strip, and the baffle makes the gas flow in a spiral shape after entering the gas distribution pipe, which increases the gas disturbance. , because the spiral direction is consistent with the flow direction of the gas entering the distribution pipe, the resistance is reduced and the gas can pass through the distribution pipe more evenly; The slag gathers in the air holes formed by the wedge-shaped bars; on the other hand, even if part of the slag is stuck in the air holes formed by the wedge-shaped bars, since the gas flow direction is along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the cylinder, the flow of the gas can effectively prevent the slag from being stuck. The slag is taken away from the long and narrow pores.

Among them, for a large distribution pipe, it can be formed by assembling several cylinder sections, that is, when the central gas distribution pipe 2 includes a plurality of distribution pipe cylinder sections 21, the adjacent distribution pipe cylinder sections 21 are connected by a socket structure. The socket-and-socket structure includes annular L-shaped wedge openings which are arranged at the corresponding ends of the adjacent distribution tube segments 21 and cooperate with each other. Specifically, an annular L-shaped wedge is provided along the radially outer side of the annular connecting block at one end of the distribution tube section, and an annular reverse L-shaped wedge is formed along the radially outer side of the connecting block of the connected distribution tube section. In specific setting, the upper end of the same distribution tube section is an annular L-shaped wedge, the lower end is an inverted L-shaped wedge, and the wedges of the upper and lower distribution tube sections are combined flush and connected by screws. Of course, the upper end of the same cylinder section can also be an inverted L-shaped wedge opening, and the lower end can be an L-shaped wedge opening.

As another structure, when the gas distribution pipe includes a plurality of distribution pipe barrel sections 21, corresponding flange connections are used between adjacent distribution pipe barrel sections 21 to ensure that the barrel sections of the distribution pipe are easy to assemble and disassemble.

As shown in FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 , the annular tube box 9 is arranged inside the reactor shell 1 and located at both ends of the tube bundle 5 , and the tube bundle 5 communicates with the inner cavity 91 of the annular tube box 9 . The tube box 9 is arranged at intervals from the reactor shell 1, that is, the annular tube box is not fixedly connected with the reactor shell, and by separating the annular tube box from the reactor shell, the tube bundle 5 and the annular tube box 9 can Movement relative to the reactor shell 1 under the effect of thermal expansion. Preferably, the annular tube box is machined from a whole plate or forging.

Specifically, the annular tube box 9 is made of a whole plate or forging, and is specifically surrounded by an inner cylinder 92 close to the center of the tube bundle, an outer cylinder 93 away from the center of the tube bundle, an annular tube plate 94 and a tube box head 95 In this way, the tube bundle 5 includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes 51, the straight tube sections 511 in the middle of the heat exchange tubes 51 are arranged in an annular range to form a heat exchange tube bundle, and an installation space is formed at the center of the cross section of the heat exchange tube bundle 52. The two ends of the heat exchange tube 51 are close to the center 53 of the tube bundle and are connected to the annular tube sheet 94 of the annular tube box 9. The heat exchange tube is communicated with the inner cavity 91 of the annular tube box 9, and the fluid medium is The heat exchange tube 51 flows into the inner cavity 91 of the annular tube box 9 . The tube box head 95 has a hole and is connected to one end of the connecting tube 10 , and the other end of the connecting tube 10 passes through the shell of the reactor shell 1 Head 11 and lead out.

Specifically, the inner cylinder 92 is respectively connected to the inner side of the header 95 of the tube box and the annular tube sheet 94, and the outer cylinder 93 is respectively connected to the outer side of the header 95 of the header 95 and the annular tube sheet 94 through the annular tube The plate 94, the inner cylinder 92, the header 95 and the outer cylinder 93 form the inner space of the annular header 9, wherein the header 95 is an annular flat lid header. As another structure, as shown in FIG. 10 , the pipe box head 95 is an annular half-pipe head.

The straight tube section 511 in the middle of the heat exchange tube 51 is divided into four groups of tube bundles in the annular direction, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The annular tube box 9 separates the annular tube The internal space of the box 9 is divided into four regions 942 corresponding to the four groups of tube bundles. The annular tube box 9 corresponding to each region is connected with the nozzle 10 respectively. The arrangement of the heat exchange tubes 51 on the annular tube sheet 94 is the same as that of the tube bundle 5 The straight pipe section 511 is arranged in the same way, and specifically, a triangular arrangement, a square arrangement, etc. may be adopted, and the arrangement interval on the annular tube sheet 10 is smaller than the arrangement interval in the middle.

Under the condition that the above structural design meets the process operation, the spacing between the pipes on the annular tube sheet is smaller than the spacing between the pipes in the middle, which can reduce the size of the annular tube sheet and ensure sufficient space requirements for the installation of packing and internals; the annular pipe box An integral annular tube box can be used, and a partition plate can be used between each group of tube bundles to separate the integral annular tube box into four sets of tube boxes, or four sets of independent annular tube boxes can be used. The annular pipe box is provided with a circular hole and is connected to the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is drawn from the shell head. The strength of the annular pipe box and the opening can be calculated by the method of finite element analysis to ensure its connection strength and pressure bearing performance. To ensure the stable operation of the entire reaction.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 , the nozzle 10 is connected to the reactor shell 1 through a telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure 12, and the telescopic high-pressure sealing connection structure 12 includes a sleeve 121 and a telescopic structure 122. Specifically, The retractable structure 122 is a high-pressure corrugated expansion joint, one end of the sleeve 121 is fixedly connected to the shell head 11 of the reactor shell 1 , and the other end of the sleeve 121 is connected to one end of the retractable structure 122 connected, the sleeve extends into the interior of the shell, and the other end of the retractable structure 122 is connected to a connecting piece 123, the connecting piece 123 is a forging piece, the upper end of which is connected to the external pipe 13, the reactor tube side The connecting pipe 10 is arranged inside the casing 121 and the retractable structure 122, the connecting pipe 10 is connected with the connecting piece 123 and communicates with the inside, and the inside of the connecting piece 123 with which the connecting piece 12 communicates with the inside of the connecting pipe 10 is formed as a pipe-side circulation space 124, When the tube-side tube bundle and the shell are deformed unequally, along the axial direction of the tube bundle, the deformation of the shell is transmitted to the telescopic structure through the sleeve, and the deformation of the outlet pipe is transmitted to the telescopic structure through the connecting piece. The deformation of the telescopic structure can absorb the thermal expansion difference between the outlet pipe (or tube bundle) and the casing in the axial direction, and can partially offset the axial load of the external pipe connected with the outlet pipe.

Wherein, the inside of the sleeve 121 and the retractable structure 122 communicate with the shell side of the reactor shell 1 , and the connection between the nozzle 10 and the retractable structure 122 and the connection between the nozzle 10 and the sleeve 121 are formed to communicate with each other and A radial annular gap 125 communicated with the shell side of the reactor, and the radial annular gap 125 forms a non-flowing medium space. The radial gap shape reduces the temperature gradient of the telescopic sealing connection structure, solves the problem of high pressure sealing outside the connection, and also solves the problem of free expansion of the tube bundle due to the temperature difference between the tube and shell sides. Allows radial displacement of the outlet pipe during installation.

In this embodiment, a positioning structure 128 is provided between the nozzle 10 and the sleeve 121 and/or between the nozzle 10 and the retractable structure 122 , and the positioning structures 128 are located along the radial direction of the nozzle 10 . The connecting piece 123 is a part of the connecting piece 10, and the other end of the retractable structure 122 is directly connected to the connecting piece 10. .

Specifically, the connecting member 123 is a cylindrical structure, the cross section of the cylindrical wall at one end of the cylinder is Y-shaped, and a concentric inner ring 126 and an outer ring 127 are formed at one end of the cylinder, and the inner ring 126 Butted with the nozzle 10 , the outer ring 127 is connected with the retractable structure 122 .

As another structure, the connecting member 123 is a cylindrical structure, one end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the retractable structure 122 and the nozzle 10, and the inside of the cylinder communicates with the internal of the nozzle 10 to form a pipe-side circulation space 124 .

In the above structure, in the radial direction, since there is a radial clearance space between the outlet pipe and the sleeve, the installation difficulty can be reduced and the temperature gradient of the casing and the outlet pipe and the uneven deformation in the radial direction can be balanced. In addition, since at the end of the clearance space, that is, the position where the outlet pipe and the retractable structure are respectively connected with the connecting piece, the telescopic structure and the outlet pipe can be respectively connected to the connecting piece by welding or the like, so the connection reliability can be improved. The sealing performance and the sealing reliability, that is, by providing a retractable structure, the deformation difference between the tube bundle outlet pipe and the casing is eliminated, thereby improving the reliability of the high-pressure sealing.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (15)

1. The utility model provides a vertical radial flow reactor, includes reactor casing (1) and at reactor casing (1) inside from its central gas distribution pipe (2), catalyst frame (3) that radially from interior to exterior set gradually, be located the regional tube bank (5) of catalyst and with reactor casing (1) inner wall connected's gas collector (4), central gas distribution pipe (2) both ends link to each other with gas inlet pipe (6) respectively, the upper and lower end of gas collector (4) is connected with reactor casing (1) respectively, form annular gas collection region (7) between gas collector (4) and reactor casing (1), its characterized in that: one end of the gas collector (4) is fixedly connected with the reactor shell (1) to form a fixed end, the other end of the gas collector is movably connected with the reactor shell (1) through a telescopic flexible structure (8) to form a movable end, the movable end of the gas collector (4) can freely move relative to the inner side wall of the reactor shell (1) along the axial direction when being heated and deformed, and two ends of the tube bundle (5) are respectively connected with the annular tube box (9);

gas collector (4) are including setting up collector barrel (41) at reactor casing (1) inboard, the one end of collector barrel (41) is passed through telescopic flexible structure (8) and is formed the expansion end with the inside wall swing joint of reactor casing (1), flexible structure (8) are including flexible awl lid (81) and flexible thin awl lid (82), the one end and the collector barrel (41) of flexible awl lid (81) are connected, the other end of flexible awl lid (81) extends towards reactor casing (1) and is connected with the one end of thin awl lid (82), the other end of thin awl lid (82) is hugged closely at reactor casing (1) inboard.

2. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 1, wherein: the movable end of the collector cylinder body (41) is provided with a supporting movable ring plate (44), the inner ring of the supporting movable ring plate (44) is fixedly connected with the collector cylinder body (41), and the outer ring of the supporting movable ring plate (44) abuts against the inner wall surface of the reactor shell (1) and is used for movably supporting the movable end of the collector cylinder body (41).

3. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 2, wherein: and a movable annular plate (45) is fixedly connected at the joint of the flexible conical cover (81) and the thin conical cover (82), and the outer ring of the movable annular plate (45) abuts against the inner wall surface of the reactor shell (1) and is used for movably supporting the flexible conical cover (81) and the thin conical cover (82).

4. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 3, wherein: the thin cone cover (82) comprises a cone section (821) and a cylindrical section (822) which are sequentially connected, the cone section (821) is connected with the flexible cone cover (81), the cylindrical section (822) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the reactor shell (1), the flexible cone cover (81) is of a cone-shaped cylindrical structure, and two ends of the flexible cone cover are respectively connected with the collector cylinder (41) and the thin cone cover (82).

5. The vertical radial flow reactor of any of claims 1-4, wherein: one end of the collector cylinder (41) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the reactor shell (1) through a fixed cover plate (42) to form a fixed end.

6. The vertical radial flow reactor of any of claims 1-4, wherein: the middle part of the flexible conical cover (81) is bent to form an arc-shaped part towards one side of the reactor shell (1).

7. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the stiff end of collector barrel (41) is provided with the fixed support fixed ring board (43) of fixing with reactor housing (1), support fixed ring board (43) and collector barrel (41) fixed connection for fix a position and support the stiff end of collector barrel (41).

8. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 7, wherein: the supporting fixed ring plate (43), the supporting movable ring plate (44) and the movable ring plate (45) are all provided with vent holes (46).

9. The vertical radial flow reactor of any of claims 1-4, wherein: center gas distribution pipe (2) are cylindric distribution pipe shell ring (21) including at least one, the middle part of distribution pipe shell ring (21) is for by a plurality of wedge strips (22) along the axial extension of distribution pipe shell ring (21) and along middle part wedge strip drum (23) that the annular direction interval arrangement formed, the upper and lower end of wedge strip (22) respectively with connecting block fixed connection, form long and narrow gas pocket passageway (24) between a plurality of wedge strips (22), gas pocket passageway (24) are used for gaseous along radial distribution pipe shell ring (21) inboard is provided with spiral helicine guide plate (25), guide plate (25) are connected on wedge strip (22) and are extended along the axis direction spiral of distribution pipe shell ring (21).

10. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 9, wherein: spiral helicine guide plate (25) form single helix structure by continuous rectangular strip or rectangular plate, perhaps form single helix structure by discontinuous rectangular strip or rectangular plate, perhaps form many helix structure by discontinuous rectangular strip or rectangular plate, the length that guide plate (25) extend to distribution pipe shell ring (21) center is 3-20cm, the inclination of guide plate (25) for distribution pipe shell ring (21) axis is 20-80 degrees, guide plate (25) have certain inclination for the internal face of distribution pipe shell ring (21).

11. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 9, wherein: when central gas distribution pipe (2) include a plurality of distribution pipe shell ring (21), adopt socket joint structural connection between adjacent distribution pipe shell ring (21), the socket joint structure is including setting up at adjacent distribution pipe shell ring (21) and corresponding tip and the annular L shape wedge mouth of mutually supporting, perhaps adopts corresponding flange joint between adjacent distribution pipe shell ring (21).

12. The vertical radial flow reactor of any of claims 1-4, wherein: the reactor comprises a reactor shell (1), and is characterized in that an annular tube box (9) is arranged in the reactor shell (1) and positioned at two ends of the tube bundle (5), the tube bundle (5) is communicated with an inner cavity (91) of the annular tube box (9), the annular tube box (9) is communicated with one ends of a plurality of connecting tubes (10), the other ends of the connecting tubes (10) penetrate through a shell seal head (11) of the reactor shell (1) and are led out, the annular tube box (9) is enclosed by an inner cylinder (92) close to the center of the tube bundle, an outer cylinder (93) far away from the center of the tube bundle, an annular tube plate (94) and a tube box seal head (95), and the tube box seal head (95) is provided with an opening and is connected with one end of the connecting tubes (10).

13. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 12, wherein: the inner cylinder (92) is respectively connected with the inner sides of the tube box end enclosure (95) and the annular tube plate (94), the outer cylinder (93) is respectively connected with the outer sides of the tube box end enclosure (95) and the annular tube plate (94), an inner space of the annular tube box (9) is formed through the annular tube plate (94), the inner cylinder (92), the tube box end enclosure (95) and the outer cylinder (93), the tube box end enclosure (95) is an annular flat cover end enclosure or an annular half tube end enclosure, the annular tube box (9) and the reactor shell (1) are arranged at intervals, and the tube bundle (5) and the annular tube box (9) can move relative to the reactor shell (1) under the action of thermal expansion.

14. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 12, wherein: take over (10) and be connected with reactor housing (1) through telescopic high-pressure seal connection structure (12), telescopic high-pressure seal connection structure (12) are including sleeve pipe (121) and extending structure (122), the one end fixed connection of sleeve pipe (121) is on casing head (11) of reactor housing (1), the other end of sleeve pipe (121) links to each other with the one end of extending structure (122), the other end and connecting piece (123) of extending structure (122) link to each other, take over (10) of the tube side of reactor sets up the inside at sleeve pipe (121) and extending structure (122), take over (10) and connecting piece (123) link to each other and inside communicates with each other, take over (10) inside and connecting piece (123) that are linked together inside and form into tube side circulation space (124).

15. The vertical radial flow reactor of claim 14, wherein: the interiors of the sleeve (121) and the telescopic structure (122) are communicated with the shell side of the reactor shell (1), radial annular gaps (125) which are communicated with each other and the shell side of the reactor are formed between the connecting pipe (10) and the telescopic structure (122) and between the connecting pipe (10) and the sleeve (121), and the radial annular gaps (125) form a non-flowing medium space; the upper end part of the connecting piece (123) is connected with an external pipeline (13), the connecting piece (123) is a part of the connecting pipe (10), the other end of the telescopic structure (122) is directly connected to the connecting pipe (10),

the connecting piece (123) is of a cylinder structure, one end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the telescopic structure (122) and the connecting pipe (10), the interior of the cylinder is communicated with the interior of the connecting pipe (10) to form a pipe pass circulation space (124),

or the connecting piece (123) is of a cylindrical structure, the cross section of the wall of one end of the cylinder is Y-shaped, a concentric inner ring (126) and an outer ring (127) are formed at one end of the cylinder, the inner ring (126) is in butt joint with the connecting pipe (10), and the outer ring (127) is connected with the telescopic structure (122).

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