CN1125340C - 远距离测量分析物浓度的测试仪 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于与一个中空的截锥形一次性部件结合使用以测量生物液体试样中一种分析物浓度的测试仪。该截锥体的较小端具有一个可将液体试样施加在上面的多孔薄膜。优选地,薄膜中的一种反应剂与该分析物反应从而造成颜色的改变。测试仪具有一个与部件啮合的截锥形远端部分。该测试仪测量颜色的改变并通过这种改变计算出试样中分析物的浓度。该测试仪与该一次性部件允许仪器进行远距离测定,这就将使用者与测试仪之间的交叉污染的可能性降到最低限度。可以在不接触的情况下将部件安装到测试仪上并从测试仪上取下以便进一步防止污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量生物液体中一种分析物浓度的测试仪及一次性部件;特别涉及一种其中的一次性部件为一个中空的截锥体的装置。
背景技术
医学诊断经常涉及到测量取自患者体内的生物液体,如血液,尿液、或唾液。通常,避免设备及操作人员对这些液体的污染以及避免某患者对其它患者体液的污染是非常重要的。因此,需要一种能够将这种污染的危险性降到最低限度的诊断装置。
如今被最广泛采用的医学诊断装置是血液葡萄糖检测仪。仅在美国,据估计有1400万糖尿病患者。为了避免严重的医学疾病,如视力丧失、循环系统疾病、肾功能衰竭等等,许多糖尿病患者需要定期检测血糖并为了将血糖浓度保持在一个可接受的范围内而采取相应的治疗步骤。
在进行血糖测量时,血液污染问题是很重要的。例如,当采用最普通型的全血糖测试仪(光度仪)时,通常血糖测定是通过将来自血样的血液施加在该测试仪上的一个测试条上来进行的。为了施加取自患者手指的血样,必须将患者的手指放在测试条上方靠近测试条以便向测试条注入血样。这样就存在一种危险,即,患者的手指与测试仪中的被此前使用(尤其是在医院里使用的)的患者血液污染过的部分相接触。
如果测试条在被放入测试仪内之前已被注入血样的话,则这种对患者的危险性将被降到最低限度。这就是所谓的“测试仪外测试”法。利用这种方法,作为测试过程的第一个步骤,患者将其血样施加在一个剂量测试条上,然后,将该测试条插入测试仪中。患者的手指只与一个未被其它患者血液污染过的新的(干净的)、一次性的测试条接触,手指绝不可能与测试仪的被污染部分接触。这种测试仪外测试法已经被采用一段时间了,特别是与采用光度测量的测试仪以及测量血细胞容量系统一起使用。测试仪外测量的一个缺点就是在“零时刻”(将血样施加在测试条上时)或在“零时刻”之前测试仪不能进行测量。在光度仪中,血样注入测试条之前的反差读数允许测试仪能够校正测试条中的背景颜色以及定位误差。测试仪还可以更直接和更精确地确定零时刻,以便于精确测量。相比之下,如果血样在测试仪外被注入测试条的话,很难或不可能确定零时刻。
尽管测试仪外测试法降低了对患者的污染问题,但是测试仪仍可能被血液污染。所以,对于其他可能接触到被污染测试仪的人员(如医院内的工人及维修测试仪的技术人员)来说,存在着危险。而且,如果患者是由一位医务工作人员照顾的话,那么当测试进行完以后,在取下测试条以便处理时,该工作人员可能会接触到血液。
电化学测试仪一般采用“远距离测试”,其中在注入血液之前将测试条置于测试仪内,但施加血液的位置远离可能被污染的测试仪表面。例如,BayerDiagnostic的Glucometer Elite和Boehringer Mannheim的Advantage包括了可远距离施加试样的电极,当采用测试仪外测试时,取出测试条还可能对采用远距离测试的测试仪造成危险。
已经公开了许多旨在降低病人和/或与诊断检测有关人员被污染危险的系统。
1990年8月28日授予Sugarman等人的美国专利第4,952,373号公开了一种被设计用来防止诊断盒上的多余液体流到与诊断盒一起使用的监视器上的护罩。该护罩是由塑料或金属薄膜制成并且与通常为信用卡大小的诊断盒相连。
1992年3月31日授予Brenneman的美国专利第5,100,620号公开了一种将液体试样从一个远距离试样施加位置输送到一个测试表面的具有一个中央毛细管的倒漏斗形体。该装置可被用来将血液从手指条输送到一个反应剂膜上。
1976年11月16日授予Marteau d’Autry的美国专利第3,991,617号公开了一种与一个吸管一起使用的装置,其中试图将吸管与一个一次性端部一起使用。该装置设置了一个用来将所述端部从吸管的一端弹出的按钮机构。
上述专利的共同点在于每一个所公开的装置都强调由生物液体及其他潜在的有害液体所造成的污染的危险性。
发明内容
根据本发明,一种用于一个测量生物液体的试样中的一种分析物浓度的装置中的部件包括:
(a)一个中空截锥体,具有不同尺寸的两个开口端和
(b)一个用来接收试样的多孔薄膜,该多孔薄膜与较小的开口端相连并基本上将其封闭,该薄膜包括:
(i)一个用于接收试样的表面和
(ii)一种用来与所述分析物反应的反应剂,反应造成一个可检测到的薄膜物理参数发生可测得的且与试样中一种分析物浓度相关的改变。
本发明的一种用于测量生物液体试样中一种分析物浓度的方法包括:
(a)提供一种部件,该部件包括一个中空截锥体,它具有两个大小不同的开口端,其中较小的一端基本上被一个薄膜所封闭,该薄膜具有:
(i)一个用于接收试样的表面和
(ii)一种用来与分析物反应的反应剂,反应造成一个可检测到的薄膜物理参数发生可测得的且与试样中一种分析物浓度相关的改变;
(b)将试样施加到薄膜表面上;
(c)测量参数的改变;以及
(d)由参数变化的测量值确定该分析物浓度。
本发明的部件可以方便地与一个测量施加在一种多孔薄膜的一个第一表面上的生物液体试样中的一种分析物浓度的测试仪一起使用,其中薄膜包含一种反应剂,该反应剂与分析物反应从而造成薄膜第二表面反射率的改变,该薄膜与一个中空截锥形部件的一端相连并基本上将其封闭。该测试仪包括:
(a)一个具有用来与部件啮合的截锥形远端部分的体部,该部分朝面对薄膜第二表面的一端向内变细,
(b)体部内的一套光学系统,用于从远端引出一束光并接收从薄膜第二表面发射回来的光,
(c)用于在将试样施加到薄膜上之前和之后对反射回体部的光进行测量的装置,和
(d)用来由反射光的测量值计算出液体中分析物浓度的装置。
本发明的部件允许人们对生物液体中的分析物浓度进行测量,同时,将液体或使用者接触到测量装置的危险性降到最低限度。所以,本部件既减小了使用者对装置污染的可能性,也减小了装置对使用者污染的可能性。该部件是一次性的,并且“”部件””一词和“”一次性””一词在本说明书和所附权利要求书中是可以互换使用的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的部件的一个透视图,为清楚起见其中一部分被断开;
图2是沿图1中线2-2的一个剖面图;
图3是本发明的一个测试仪和部件在连接之前的一个透视图;
图4是测试仪和部件在获得血样过程中的一个透视图;
图5是图4所示测试仪和部件沿线5-5的部分剖面图;
图6是位于包装盒内的多个部件的部分剖面的侧视图;
图7是本发明的一个测试仪正在弹出一个部件时的透视图;
图8是图7所示测试仪在第一使用位置时的纵向剖面图,为清楚起见其中某些部件被剖开;
图9是图7所示测试仪处于第二弹出位置时部分剖面的侧视图;
图10是本发明的测试仪的一个替换实施例的透视图;
图11是本发明的部件的一个替换实施例的透视图;
图12是图11所示部件的远端的一部分的透视图;
图13是沿图12的线13-13的剖面图;
图14是沿图12的线14-14的剖面图;
图15是本发明的部件的远端的另一个实施例的剖面图;
图16是一个测试仪和部件在连接之前的另一个实施例的透视图;
图17是一个测试仪与部件的另一个实施例;
图18是测试仪与部件的再一个实施例的远端的透视图;
图19是将图18所示测试仪和部件以安装位置表示的远端的一个侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的部件通常适用于一种测量生物液体(如血液,尿液,和唾液)中分析物浓度(如酒精,胆醇,蛋白质,甲酮,酶,苯胺,和葡萄糖)的装置中。为了简明起见,我们是通过将部件与血糖自检结合使用来进行具体描述的,但是,医学诊断领域的普通技术人员应能够很容易地将该技术应用到测量其他生物液体中的其他分析物中去。
血糖自检一般是采用以两种功能之一进行工作的测试仪来完成的。第一种是基于包含一种在施加血液之后改变颜色的组合物的反应剂条的光度测量型。颜色的改变是血糖浓度的一种量度。
血糖检测器的第二种类型是电化学的并且以下列条件进行操作,即施加在电化学单元上的血液可产生一种与血糖浓度有关的电信号--根据测试仪类型的不同可以是电压,电流,或电荷。
本发明可以对光度和电化学测量系统进行方便的远距离检测。为了简单起见,以下说明集中在光度测量系统上。对于电化学系统来说,可以采用类似的装置。采用任何一种类型的系统,本发明的部件都允许测试仪对于从施加试样到确定血糖浓度的整个反应过程进行检测。能够测量测试的起始时间使其能够更容易准确地确定血糖浓度。
采用光度测量系统而不是电化学系统确定血糖浓度有几个优点,其中一个优点就是可以以大于一个光波波长进行测量,并且可以对血液中血球比率的偏差进行校正。在此所公开的一次性部件在允许测试仪被最低限度地污染的同时,提供了光度测量系统的这些优点。
用于光度测量系统中的一次性部件通常被制成一种薄的长方形条的形式。这一形状取自于最初所谓的“浸渍并读出”的测试条形状。其一端用于手持,而另一端进行与液体试样的化学反应。
这些长方形的一次性部件构成了与测试仪的接口的插入部分。即,该测试条由装有一次性部件的测试仪的零部件所夹持。这种夹周方式导致了液体试样对测试仪的污染。
为避免污染问题,本发明的一次性部件采用了中空截锥体的形式,它提供了与测试仪接口的的插入部分。即,该一次性部件封闭了测试仪的一部分并且该部件起到了避免测试仪被液体试样污染的护罩的作用。
图1示出了被部分剖掉的本发明的一个实施例,其中一次性部件10是一个中空的圆锥形截锥体。膜12与较小端14相连。附加的前缘部分16提供膜12与粘结剂18相连的一个表面。附加的缺口20沿圆锥四周间隔分布以便与测试仪上的一个沟槽结合提供一个夹固机构。
图2是沿图1所示的一次性部件的线2-2的剖面图。如图2所示,薄膜与一次性部件的外侧相连。或者,如图11所示,薄膜可以与一次性部件的内侧相连。
图3是一种光度测试仪与图1所示的那种一次性部件的一个透视图。测试仪30为细长形,它带有一个基本上呈圆锥对称的截锥体的远端部分32,沿该部分的周边是一个附加的沟槽34。应注意到一次性部件装在测试仪的远端部分上由此在测试仪30的远端36和薄膜12的底面之间精确限定了一个间隙G。精确地定位有利于测量的精确度及可靠性。在被剖开部分中可以看到一个光源38和一个检测器40,它们分别用于对一次性部件进行照明并检测从一次性部件反射出来的光。如下面所讨论的,检测从一次性部件反射出来的光可以得到施加在薄膜上的试样的血糖浓度。尽管图3中仅示出了一个光源和一个检测器,但是可以采用选择性地具有不同的输出频谱的多个光源和/或多个检测器。
图4为可以采用图3所示的部件和测试仪而从伸出的手指尖获得试样的方式的一个透视图。对于使用者来说很容易将该一次性部件与手指接触,这对于视力减退的使用者来说是一大优点。
图5是测试仪30的远端32的一部分与一次性部件10的剖面图,其中示出了缺口20和沟槽34将测试仪30确定就位在一次性部件10内并流出间隙G的方式。应注意到间隙G保证了透过薄膜的血液不会污染测试仪。间隙的尺寸(虽然不严格)优选为至少约1/2mm。
当与图3所示的那种测试仪一起使用时,本发明的部件的一个优点就是它们可以被方便地叠放在一个容器42内,如图6所示。然后,仅通过将测试仪30的远端部分32插入到容器42内并将沟槽34与缺口20啮合即可将部件固定。在一次测试完成之后,将用过的一次性部件弹入到废物容器W内,如图7所示,其上设置了一个附加的按钮弹出机构。
被广泛熟悉并使用的那种类型的按钮式弹出机构适用于本发明(例如参见美国专利第3,991,617号)。在图8和图9中描绘了这样一种机构,其中示出了安装在图3所示那种类型的测试仪上的一种按钮机构。该机构的部件包括连接弹出器46与按钮48的轴44。按钮48通过轴44起作用以便由弹出器46使一次性部件10与测试仪30的远端32脱离啮合。弹簧50的作用是使弹出器46和按钮48返回到其收缩位置。按钮弹出(通过允许不直接接触即可将一次性部件取下)有助于避免污染。与图8和图9所示的那种类型的按钮弹出机构一起使用的一次性部件优选地具有一个凸缘19。
图10描述了本发明的一种测试仪的一个实施例,其中包括一个用来说明由该测试仪测得的分析物浓度的显示器51。该显示器可以是一个发光二极管(LED)显示器,一个液晶显示器(LCD),或本领域公知的类似显示器。
尽管上述说明及附图设想了一种具有圆形截面的一次性部件和具有一个带啮合截面的远端部分的测试仪,但是,该几何形状不是必须的,而且事实上甚至可能是不优选的。在选择光度测量系统的几何形状方面的一个基本考虑就是光学设计。一般来讲,反射光度测量限定了检测器与镜面反射光之间至少有一个最小夹角(一般为45度)。这样,接下来就需要至少一个锥形一次性部件的最小顶角。然而,对于一个能够观察到他/她的手指以便测定的使用者来说这是一个缺点,大的顶角会干扰视线。因此,一个具有长方形截面的一次性部件可能是优选的,正如具有图11所示的长方形棱锥体110的中空锥体。在这种情况下,检测器与镜面反射光的夹角仅确定了较大开口端的纵向尺寸的最小实际值L。但是,该一次性部件可以更小并对使用者观察其手指产生最小干扰。而且,长方形薄膜可以以较低的成本由橡胶或薄板制成并更节省材料。然而,当在光学系统中采用几个光源和/或检测器时,圆形截面则更有利。
由于过量试样从一次性部件中掉出就有可能产生污染,因此,希望能够包容大量的试样而不会滴出。有多种设计方案可以容纳过量试样。其中一种如图12、图13和图14所示。图12描述了在图11所示一次性部件的较小端表面上具有缺口124的一次性部件。如图13和14所示,这些缺口使得毛细流动充满在薄膜与部件顶部内表面之间所产生的间隙。形成这样的间隙的另一种方式是用较厚的粘结剂将薄膜粘在一次性部件上,留出容纳过量试样的的间隙。另一种吸收过量试样的方式是将一种吸收垫126装在薄膜的前表面上,如图15所示。
图16为图1所示那种类型的一次性部件和测试仪的一个透视图。测试仪130的远端部分132具有一个附加的用于限定一次性部件的类似于沟槽34的沟槽134。细长的颈部130便于将一次性部件从图6所示的细长的容器42中取出。显示器150显示出测得的分析物浓度。
图17描绘了一种适于与图11的一次性部件一起使用的一种测试仪的替换实施例。
图18描绘了一种一次性部件210和测试仪230的另一个实施例的远端部分。远端部分232与一次性部件210相啮合。应注意到凹槽234是用来接收一次性部件上的缺口(如220)的沟槽34(或134)的一种替换。
图19是图18所示实施例的侧视图。
在本发明的方法中,将血样粘在薄膜的向外表面上。试样中的葡萄糖与薄膜中的反应剂进行反应以产生颜色的改变,这样就改变了薄膜的向内表面的反射率。测试仪中的光源对薄膜的向内表面进行照明并测量从该表面反射出的光强度。采用适宜的计算方法可由反射率的改变得到试样中葡萄糖浓度。
已知有多种薄膜与反应剂组合物的组合用于光度测量法确定血糖浓度。一种优选的薄膜/反应剂组合物是一种包含二氧化酶、过氧化物、以及一种染料或染料偶合剂的聚酰胺基质。二氧化酶最好是葡萄糖二氧化物。过氧化物最好是辣根过氧化物。优选的染料偶合剂是3-甲基-2-苯并噻唑酮腙盐酸盐加3,3-二甲氨基苯甲酸。具体的薄膜/反应剂组合物及其各种变化公开在收编于此作为参考的1994年4月19日授予Phillips等人的美国专利5,304,468上。
另一种优选的薄膜/反应剂组合物是一种包含葡萄糖二氧化物,辣根过氧化物、和与8-苯胺基-1-萘磺酸铵结合的染料偶合剂〖3-甲基-2-苯噻唑酮腙〗N-磺酰苯磺酸氢纳的各向异性聚砜薄膜(可由MemtecAmericaCorp.,Timonium,MD得到)。具体的薄膜/反应剂组合物及其各种变化公开在收编于此作为参考的1994年9月8日申请的美国专利申请第08/302,575号上。
本领域的技术人员将会理解的是,前面对本发明实施例的描述是为了说明本发明,而无限定之意。在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的前提下可以改变在此所公开的具体细节。
Claims (9)
1.一种用来测量施加在含一种反应剂的多孔薄膜的第一表面上的生物液体试样中分析物浓度的测试仪,其中所含反应剂与分析物反应从而造成薄膜第二表面反射率的改变,薄膜与一个中空截锥体部件的一端相连并基本上将其封闭,并且所述测试仪包括:
(a)一个具有用来与所述中空截锥体相啮合的截锥形远端部分的体部,该部分朝着面向薄膜第二表面的方向向内变细,
(b)一个位于体部内的光学系统,用来将一束光从远端引出并接收从薄膜第二表面反射回来的光,
(c)在将试样施加在薄膜上之前或之后用来测量反射回到体部内的光的装置,
(d)用来由测得的反射光的数值计算液体中分析物浓度的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述测试仪,其中的截锥体具有一个基本上呈长方形的截面。
3.如权利要求1所述测试仪,其中的截锥体具有一个基本上呈圆形的截面。
4.如权利要求1所述测试仪,其中的远端部分还包括一个用来与所述中空截锥体部件的相应部分啮合的圆周形凹槽。
5.如权利要求1所述测试仪,其中还包括一个用来表示算出的分析物浓度的显示装置。
6.如权利要求1所述测试仪,其中还包括一个用来使所述中空截锥体部件与测试仪的远端部分脱离啮合的按钮装置。
7.用于测量生物液体中分析物浓度的一套测试仪,其中一共包括,一个如权利要求1所述的测试仪以及一个用于盛放多个所述中空截锥体部件的细长形容器。
8.如权利要求7所述的一套测试仪,其中的所述中空截锥体部件沿容器长度方向呈嵌套式排列。
9.如权利要求8所述的一套测试仪,其中测试仪的远端部分包括用来与所述中空截锥体部件的相应部分啮合的圆周形凹槽,这样就可以通过嵌入式将测试仪的远端部分插入到一个部件中并将部件从容器中取出的方式准备好测试仪用于施加试样。
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-
1996
- 1996-08-09 US US08/694,971 patent/US5736103A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-06 IL IL12148397A patent/IL121483A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-08-07 AU AU33209/97A patent/AU712522B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-08-07 CA CA002212476A patent/CA2212476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-07 SG SG1997002813A patent/SG63733A1/en unknown
- 1997-08-08 NO NO19973661A patent/NO320326B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-08-08 DK DK97306040T patent/DK0823636T3/da active
- 1997-08-08 JP JP22561297A patent/JP3964009B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 ES ES97306040T patent/ES2176624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 BR BR9704298A patent/BR9704298A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-08-08 DE DE69712139T patent/DE69712139T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 KR KR1019970038353A patent/KR100544038B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 EP EP97306040A patent/EP0823636B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 MY MYPI97003629A patent/MY132551A/en unknown
- 1997-08-08 AT AT97306040T patent/ATE216775T1/de active
- 1997-08-08 PT PT97306040T patent/PT823636E/pt unknown
- 1997-08-08 RU RU97113750/14A patent/RU2188424C2/ru active
- 1997-08-09 CN CN97119300A patent/CN1125340C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-11 AR ARP970103641A patent/AR009048A1/es unknown
- 1997-08-27 TW TW086111562A patent/TW408222B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO973661D0 (no) | 1997-08-08 |
| RU2188424C2 (ru) | 2002-08-27 |
| NO320326B1 (no) | 2005-11-21 |
| IL121483A (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| MX9706104A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
| KR100544038B1 (ko) | 2006-06-08 |
| ATE216775T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
| KR19980018608A (ko) | 1998-06-05 |
| MY132551A (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| SG63733A1 (en) | 1999-03-30 |
| US5736103A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
| EP0823636B1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
| CA2212476A1 (en) | 1998-02-09 |
| PT823636E (pt) | 2002-09-30 |
| JPH10148635A (ja) | 1998-06-02 |
| BR9704298A (pt) | 1999-01-26 |
| EP0823636A2 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| DK0823636T3 (da) | 2002-08-05 |
| HK1004421A1 (zh) | 1998-11-27 |
| TW408222B (en) | 2000-10-11 |
| AU712522B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
| NO973661L (no) | 1998-02-10 |
| CN1178905A (zh) | 1998-04-15 |
| IL121483A0 (en) | 1998-02-08 |
| DE69712139T2 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
| DE69712139D1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
| AU3320997A (en) | 1998-02-12 |
| JP3964009B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
| EP0823636A3 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| ES2176624T3 (es) | 2002-12-01 |
| AR009048A1 (es) | 2000-03-08 |
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