CN112300437A - 一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,首先将果糖溶于去离子水中,完全溶解后,依次加入壳聚糖、柠檬酸和尿素,进行交联反应,将所得的产物倒入水热釜中,然后置于烘箱中进行充分的水热反应,取出样品,冷却,用去离子水清洗,冷冻干燥后得到产品。本发明采用生物基天然可降解材料——果糖为基体,加入壳聚糖、柠檬酸和尿素,进行交联反应,制成无毒、多孔且可食用的吸水凝胶,其不仅可降解、而且可食用并且方便携带。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
凝胶是一种具有交联网络结构的亲水聚合物,可吸收大量水且保持水但不溶于水的高分子或大分子聚集体,它们在水中可迅速溶胀平衡并能保持其形状和三维空间网络结构。一方面,水凝胶在宏观上是固体,有一定形状;另一方面,水凝胶在分子级别上又具有溶液性质,可使水溶性分子扩散进入。水凝胶结构的特殊性,使其广泛用于卫生、农业、园艺等领域。近年来,水凝胶更是出现了一些新的用途,如用于药物的可控载送与缓释、建筑和电缆的密封剂、钻井液填加剂、人造雪以及水果与花卉的储运、包装等。目前水凝胶最大的应用在卫生用品方面,如一次性尿布、纸尿裤、卫生巾等,用量占到水凝胶的80%以上,而广泛应用的合成水凝胶,如交联的聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺以及水解淀粉接枝聚丙烯腈等,一般都很难被微生物分解。因此,为保护环境,应大力发展可生物降解的水凝胶材料。
另外,在一些极端条件下,水源的稀缺会带给人类很多不便。这就需要一种能够吸水、储水且能食用的凝胶在特殊情况下作为备用水源以备急需。中国专利CN102127234A公开了一种含天然植物多糖的超多孔水凝胶,但是其单体仍采用丙烯酰胺类、丙烯酸类及其衍生物,引发剂为过硫酸按、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺中的一种或数种,所用的交联剂剂为N,N-亚甲基-双丙烯酞胺、戊二醛、甲醛等等。国外最近报道了大气集水凝胶,即通过从空气中收集水分来生产淡水,从而实现无地理或水文限制的可持续供水。这种超吸湿凝胶,它由吸湿的聚吡咯氯化物渗透在可转换的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的亲水性聚合物网络中,在广泛的相对湿度范围内实现了高效的大气集水。基于这样的设计在网络结构中,吸湿性和亲水性可切换的聚合物分子水平整合实现的协同效应,使凝胶与水分子之间的相互作用可控,同时实现高效的蒸汽捕获,原位水液化,高密度蓄水和快速释水。然而,这些凝胶并没有突破传统吸水树脂的结构,很难作为可食用性的凝胶。但目前具备可食用性能的凝胶,纯粹的天然可降解原料及交联剂凝胶的研究报道并不常见。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,用以解决现有技术中存在的问题,该方法采用生物基天然可降解材料——果糖,制成无毒、多孔且可食用的吸水凝胶,制成的凝胶不仅可降解、可食用而且方便携带。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:首先将果糖溶于去离子水中,完全溶解后,依次加入壳聚糖、柠檬酸和尿素,进行交联反应,将所得的产物倒入水热釜中,然后置于烘箱中进行充分的水热反应,取出样品,冷却,用去离子水清洗,冷冻干燥后即得。
优选地,所述果糖、去离子水、壳聚糖、柠檬酸、尿素的质量比为1:16.5~66:0.25~2:0.25~2:0~0.5。
优选地,所述交联反应的时间为15分钟~1小时。
优选地,所述烘箱的温度为95~105℃,所述水热反应的时间为2~4小时。
优选地,为了促进反应,整个反应在磁力搅拌器中进行,进一步地,搅拌的速度为100~300转/分钟。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明采用生物基天然可降解材料——果糖为基体,加入壳聚糖、柠檬酸和尿素,进行交联反应,制成无毒、多孔且可食用的吸水凝胶,其不仅可降解、而且可食用并且方便携带。
并且,本发明采用水热法进行反应,方法简单易操作,并且制备过程无污染,对环境友好。
在制备过程中,发明人对各种成分的配比以及加热温度、加热时间和环境湿度进行了优化选择,制备得到的凝胶结构完善,成品率高,并且吸水能力强。
采用本发明方法制备的凝胶在不便于携带大量水时,可携带少量此种凝胶,在凝胶吸水后,可直接食用补充水分。此外,在无明显地表水时,也可将凝胶置于空气中,从空气中获取水分。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备得到的凝胶SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面将通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明,并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”或“包括”为一开放式用语,故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。说明书后续描述为实施本发明的较佳实施方式,然所述描述乃以说明书的一般原则为目的,并非用以限定本发明的范围。本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
实施例1
常温下,将1份果糖加入到66份去离子水中,在300转/分钟的搅拌下,加入1份柠檬酸,0.25份壳聚糖和0.5份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在300转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应15分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在100℃的烘箱中水热3.5小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。测其在室温条件下,吸收去离子水倍数达干燥后凝胶质量的3400%,形貌如附图1所示。
实施例2
常温下,将1份果糖加入到16.5份去离子水中,在200转/分钟的搅拌下,加入0.25份柠檬酸,1份壳聚糖和0.25份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在200转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应15分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在105℃的烘箱中水热2.5小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。测其在室温条件下,吸收去离子水倍数达干燥后凝胶质量的3200%。
实施例3
常温下,将1份果糖加入到33份去离子水中,在100转/分钟的搅拌下,加入1.5份柠檬酸,1.5份壳聚糖和0.5份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在100转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应30分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在105℃的烘箱中水热3小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。测其在室温条件下,吸收去离子水倍数达干燥后凝胶质量的2800%。
实施例4
常温下,将1份果糖加入到66份去离子水中,在200转/分钟的搅拌下,加入2份柠檬酸,2份壳聚糖和0.25份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在200转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应30分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在105℃的烘箱中水热4小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。测其在室温条件下,吸收去离子水倍数达干燥后凝胶质量的3000%。
实施例5
常温下,将1份果糖加入到66份去离子水中,在300转/分钟的搅拌下,加入1份柠檬酸,0.25份壳聚糖和0.5份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在300转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应15分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在100℃的烘箱中水热3.5小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。测其在室温条件下,吸收去离子水倍数达干燥后凝胶质量的3400%。在38℃,90%RH的恒温恒湿环境下,收集环境大气水分(水蒸气)的倍数是干燥后凝胶质量的180%;在38℃,50%RH的恒温恒湿环境下,收收集环境大气水分(水蒸气)的倍数是干燥后凝胶质量的50%。
实施例6
常温下,将1份果糖加入到33份去离子水中,在300转/分钟的搅拌下,加入2份柠檬酸,1.5份壳聚糖和0.5份尿素,分散均匀后,继续在300转/分钟的搅拌速度下搅拌反应30分钟。将所得的产物倒入水热釜在105℃的烘箱中水热3小时后,取出样品,用去离子水清洗,在真空干燥机里冷冻干燥,得到产品。恒温恒湿环境下,收集环境大气水分(水蒸气)的倍数是干燥后凝胶质量的190%;在23℃,在23℃,50%RH的恒温恒湿环境下,收集环境大气水分(水蒸气)的倍数是干燥后凝胶质量的72%。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:首先将果糖溶于去离子水中,完全溶解后,依次加入壳聚糖、柠檬酸和尿素,进行交联反应,将所得的产物倒入水热釜中,然后置于烘箱中进行充分的水热反应,取出样品,冷却,用去离子水清洗,冷冻干燥后即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述果糖、去离子水、壳聚糖、柠檬酸、尿素的质量比为1:16.5~66:0.25~2:0.25~2:0~0.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联反应的时间为15分钟~1小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烘箱的温度为95~105℃,所述水热反应的时间为2~4小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的橘皮果胶基多孔吸水可食用凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,整个反应在磁力搅拌器中进行,搅拌的速度为100~300转/分钟。
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