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CN112203846B - 具有阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃 - Google Patents

具有阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112203846B
CN112203846B CN201980035463.2A CN201980035463A CN112203846B CN 112203846 B CN112203846 B CN 112203846B CN 201980035463 A CN201980035463 A CN 201980035463A CN 112203846 B CN112203846 B CN 112203846B
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China
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layer
glass
component stack
stack
laminated glass
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CN112203846A (zh
Inventor
马里奥·阿图罗·曼海姆·阿斯塔特
安德烈斯·费尔南多·萨缅托·桑托斯
文森佐·曼尼诺
朱安·帕勃罗·苏亚雷斯
劳拉·格拉纳多斯·卡罗
乔尔·贝纳维迪斯
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AGP America SA
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AGP America SA
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10477—Variable transmission thermochromic
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种具有至少一个阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃。该层压玻璃包括两个部件堆叠：主要部件堆叠和第二部件堆叠。主要部件堆叠的属性并不期望被改变。第二部件堆叠包括功能层。

Description

具有阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃
技术领域
本申请涉及一种具有非均匀表面的层压玻璃，并且更具体地涉及一种包括阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃。
背景技术
为了满足提高汽车燃料效率的法规要求以及公众对环境友好型产品的了解和需求，世界各地的汽车原装设备制造商一直努力改善其车辆的效率。
改善效率的策略的一个关键要素是轻量化的概念。更传统、更便宜的常规材料和工艺常常为新颖的新材料和新工艺所取代。尽管有时这些新材料和新工艺更昂贵，但是由于其更轻量化以及随之而来的燃料效率的相应提高，这些新材料和新工艺的实用性仍然高于被取代的材料和工艺。有时，新的材料和工艺除了更轻量化以外，还带来新的功能。车辆玻璃也不例外。
车辆的重量的减轻可以使得车辆在能量消耗方面取得显著的改善。这对于电动汽车而言尤为重要。因为电动汽车的此类改善直接转化为消费者迫切关注的车辆续航里程的增加。
车辆安装玻璃的面积一直在稳步增加，并在此过程中取代了其他更重的材料。流行的大型全景玻璃天窗和挡风玻璃只是该趋势的一个例子。全景天窗是一种车辆天窗玻璃，其包括在车辆的前座和后座区域的至少一部分上方的相当大的天窗区域。全景天窗可以是层压玻璃或者单体玻璃。类似地，全景挡风玻璃是这样一种挡风玻璃，其顶部边缘充分延伸，使得该挡风玻璃包括车顶的一部分。
大多数车辆的车门、后窗和侧窗中使用的玻璃由钢化玻璃制成。虽然钢化玻璃能够承受高负载，但是通过使用硬物撞击或者通过使用弹簧加载的中心冲头，钢化玻璃能够很容易被破坏。当钢化玻璃失效时，整个窗户的开口都失去保护。
钢化玻璃存在的另一个问题是在事故期间钢化玻璃失效的情况。在这种情况下，尤其是在翻车事故中，玻璃崩解而使得窗户的开口没有任何东西防止乘员被抛出。乘员被抛出以及身体的部分延伸过窗户的开口是造成交通事故伤亡的主要原因。
另一方面，挡风玻璃由层压退火玻璃制成。退火玻璃是一种从弯曲温度缓慢冷却，并经过玻璃态转变温度而形成的玻璃。该退火工艺用于释放在玻璃中的任何应力。退火玻璃破碎后形成具有锋利边缘的大碎片。在层压玻璃中，两片退火玻璃被使用热塑性塑料(中间层)粘合在一起。对于汽车中的用途，最常用的粘合层或中间层是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。除聚乙烯醇缩丁醛外，还能够使用离子体塑料(Ionoplast)聚合物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、现场浇筑(CIP)液态树脂和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。
若层压玻璃将要破碎，粘合层就将玻璃碎片保持在一起，从而帮助维持玻璃的结构完整性。破碎玻璃的碎片往往像拼图玩具的拼图片一样互锁。如果损坏不是发生在视野范围内或者范围不过大，则挡风玻璃破碎的车辆通常仍然能够继续运行较长时间。在被冲撞时，粘合层还有助于防止在撞车事故时被乘员穿透，或者防止被从车辆外部撞击层压玻璃的物体穿透。
由于钢化玻璃成本较低并且强度更高，钢化玻璃已经成为除了挡风玻璃位置(在该处不允许使用钢化玻璃)以外的所有位置的首选。然而，在一些更高端的车辆中，层压玻璃已经代替钢化玻璃用于车门。这至少部分是因为层压玻璃能够使用功能膜。这些膜的用途包括但不限于：阳光控制、可变透光率、增加的刚度、增加的结构完整性、改善的抗穿透性、改善的乘员保持力、提供屏障、色彩、提供遮阳、色彩校正，并用作功能和美学图形的基材。
然而，在对玻璃进行层压时所面临的问题之一源自堆叠中一些部件所需的最佳层压参数不同。即，层压必须在一定的温度和压力范围内进行以获得相对于玻璃基材的良好粘合力，同时不会损害玻璃的其他功能特性。例如，部件在低于所需层压温度的层压温度下被层压可能会影响挡风玻璃的可见区域的光学性能(optics)。另一个问题是，当功能层小于层压玻璃中的其他层时，就需要补偿以抵消厚度的变化，这会导致光学畸变。
能够以更有效的方式生产具有功能部分的层压玻璃将是有利的。
发明内容
从这个意义上讲，本申请的一个目的是提供一种层压玻璃。该层压玻璃具有布置在所述玻璃的一部分上而不改变所述玻璃的其他部分的至少一个功能层。
该目的能够通过具有至少一个阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃实现。该层压玻璃包括第一部件堆叠和至少一个第二部件堆叠。第一部件堆叠包括外玻璃层、内玻璃层和至少一个塑料粘合层。外玻璃层具有内表面和外表面。内玻璃层具有内表面和外表面。至少一个塑料粘合层位于所述外玻璃层的内表面和所述内玻璃层的内表面之间。所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠包括玻璃层、至少一个功能层以及至少一个塑料粘合层。此外，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠被布置在第一部件堆叠的内玻璃层的外表面的一部分上，并且被所述至少一个塑料粘合层中的一个粘合到该部分上，从而形成阶梯形部分。
可以注意到，在本发明中，功能层并不布置在主要部件堆叠(第一堆叠)中，而是被布置在第二部件堆叠中，从而避免了厚度补偿和/或单步(single-step)层压工艺。此外，例如当被实施为具有两块阶梯形动态遮阳板的挡风玻璃时，本申请可以减少部件、重量、成本以及美观问题。
附图说明
结合附图，本申请的这些特征和优点将从以下实施例的详细描述中显而易见。在附图中：
图1示出根据本申请的一个实施例具有阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃的分解视图。
图2A示出根据本申请的一个实施例具有阶梯形可变光遮阳板的全景挡风玻璃的等轴视图。
图2B示出图2A的全景挡风玻璃沿A-A'方向的横截面视图。
图3示出根据本申请的一个实施例具有两块阶梯形遮阳板的全景挡风玻璃的等轴视图。
图4A示出根据本申请的一个实施例具有两块阶梯形可变光遮阳板的挡风玻璃的等轴视图。
图4B示出图4A的挡风玻璃沿B-B'方向的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图。附图示出了根据本申请具有至少一块阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃的优选实施例。
图1示出具有一个阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃1的分解视图。该层压玻璃1具有第一部件堆叠3和第二部件堆叠4。第一部件堆叠3包括外玻璃层5和内玻璃层6。该外玻璃层5和内玻璃层6通过塑料粘合层7彼此粘合。此外，第二部件堆叠4包括玻璃层8、功能层9和两个塑料粘合层7。功能层9被一个塑料粘合层7固定到玻璃层8，而剩下的塑料粘合层7将第二部件堆叠4粘合到第一部件堆叠3。在该实施例中，层压玻璃1是后窗，而功能层9是显示器。
图2A和图2B示出一个示例实施例。其中，具有阶梯形可变光遮阳板11的全景挡风玻璃10包括第一部件堆叠14和第二部件堆叠15。第一部件堆叠14包括外玻璃层16、内玻璃层19、两个PVB塑料粘合层23以及功能层22。外玻璃层16具有内表面17和外表面18。内玻璃层19具有内表面20和外表面21。两个PVB塑料粘合层23位于所述外玻璃层16的内表面17和所述内玻璃层19的内表面20之间。在该实施例中，功能层22是阳光控制膜，例如黑色遮蔽物13被印刷到外玻璃层16和内玻璃层19两者上。
第二部件堆叠15包括被通过PVB塑料粘合层23粘合到玻璃层24的功能层25。所述功能层25被夹置在两个PVB塑料粘合层23之间。在该实施例中，功能层是可切换层25。第二部件堆叠15被布置在第一部件堆叠14的内玻璃层19的外表面21的一部分上，并且被其PVB塑料粘合层23中的一个粘合到该部分。在该实施例中，所述部分在驾驶员视野区12的上方。此外，在该实施例中，玻璃层24是铝硅酸盐玻璃，其厚度为0.5毫米至1.1毫米。在一些实施例中，所述铝硅酸盐玻璃是铝硅酸盐冷弯玻璃。
另外，外围密封层26围绕第二部件堆叠15的边缘面以改善耐久性。在一些实施例中，外围密封层26是聚氨酯层。
图3示出了图2A和图2B所示的挡风玻璃的替代形式。在该替代形式中，可切换层用于提供双矩形遮阳板11。在该实施例中，可切换层是SPD(悬浮粒子装置)膜。然而，必须认识到，还可以使用其他可切换膜，例如PDLC(聚合物分散型液晶)、LC(液晶)、电致变色以及热致变色。
图4A和图4B示出一个示例实施例。其中，具有双阶梯形可变光遮阳板31的挡风玻璃30包括第一部件堆叠34和第二部件堆叠35。第一部件堆叠34具有与在上文中描述的图2B的实施例的配置相同的配置。而第二部件堆叠35包括玻璃层44、塑料粘合层43以及三个功能层。该三个功能层包括用于可变透光率的可切换层45、触敏层47以及声学传感器层48。触敏层47和声学传感器层48两者都被耦合到可切换层45，以控制可切换层45的透光率。触敏层47是发射穿过玻璃层44的电场的电容阵列。然而，在其他实施例中，触敏层47能够通过使用热检测、反射光或者任何其他公知技术来检测手指的运动。可使用的声学传感器有多种类型，并且都配有适当的换能器和电路，从而可以检测用户的语音命令。此外，在该实施例中，触敏层47和声学传感器层48在同一平面中被塑料粘合层43之一包围。然而，在一些实施例中，触敏层47和声学传感器层48被放置在不同的平面中。一个或者多个塑料粘合层位于触敏层47和声学传感器层48之间。此外，第二部件堆叠35包括薄黑带(未示出)。该薄黑带为了美观而被施加到玻璃层44的内表面49。薄黑带可以是有机或者无机涂料。
本领域技术将理解，在图1、图2A、图2B和图3中示出的部件的相对尺寸和形状仅仅是为了说明示例实施例的目的，并且这些相对尺寸和形状不应被解释为限制。
在图1中描绘的层压玻璃的替代形式中，层压玻璃是侧窗，并且在第二部件堆叠中的功能层是吸收声音并且降低穿过层压玻璃传输的声音水平的层，例如声学PVB。
在图4A和图4B中描绘的实施例的替代形式中，该替代实施例的挡风玻璃具有与前述实施例的配置相同的配置，两者的不同之处在于：与触敏层47和声学传感器层48被耦合到可切换层45不同，第二部件堆叠包括玻璃层、塑料粘合层和有源矩阵显示器。该有源矩阵显示器与传感器协作追踪太阳位置，以在显示器生成深色(dark)部分，从而有效阻挡太阳光线。
在所有实施例中，每一个第二部件堆叠的玻璃层由玻璃或者其他合适的材料形成。该其他合适的材料例如是聚碳酸酯、PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)或者硬质聚氨酯。
在一些实施例中，层压玻璃的每一个功能层选自触敏层、声学传感器、光传感器或者任何其他公知的传感器。这些传感器可以独立工作或者与其他功能层组合来提供期望的功能。类似地，在一些实施例中，每一个功能层选自热反射膜、热吸收膜、可变透光率膜、发光装置(例如发光二极管)以及用于功能和美观图形目的的基材。
在一些实施例中，塑料粘合中间层选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、离子体塑料聚合物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、现场浇筑液态树脂以及热塑性聚氨酯。
在一些实施例中，第一和第二堆叠分别具有第一组和第二组层压参数。在第一阶梯中，根据第一组层压参数，在足够的温度下和足够的时间内向所述第一堆叠施加足够的压力以层压所述第一堆叠。接下来，在第二阶梯中，第二堆叠被布置在第一堆叠的一部分上，从而形成根据第二组层压参数层压的第三(third)堆叠。
此外，第三叠层可以被放置在真空袋或者真空压机中用于施加真空。在第二堆叠被层压之前，硅可以被施加到第二堆叠的边缘面，以避免层压玻璃临近第二堆叠的部分被切边(trimming)。
应当理解，本申请不限于在上文中描述和说明的实施例。本领域技术人员将理解，能够进行不脱离仅由所附权利要求限定的本申请的精神的许多变型和/或修改。

Claims (19)

1.一种具有至少一个阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃，包括：
第一部件堆叠，包括：
具有内表面和外表面的外玻璃层；
具有内表面和外表面的内玻璃层；以及
至少一个塑料粘合层，位于所述外玻璃层的内表面和所述内玻璃层的内表面之间；以及
至少一个第二部件堆叠，其中，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠包括：
玻璃层；
至少一个功能层；以及
至少一个塑料粘合层；
其中，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠被布置在所述第一部件堆叠的内玻璃层的外表面的一部分上，并且被所述第二部件堆叠的所述至少一个塑料粘合层中的一个粘合到所述第一部件堆叠的内玻璃层的外表面的所述一部分，从而形成一个阶梯形部分，
其中，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠被设置在所述第一部件堆叠的一部分上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述至少一个功能层中的功能层是选自电致变色或热致变色的可切换膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述电致变色的可切换膜选自SPD、PDLC或LC。
4.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述至少一个功能层的每一个功能层选自可切换层、显示器、发光装置、触敏层、传感器层、声学PVB层、热反射膜以及热吸收膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述传感器层选自光传感器或声学传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一部件堆叠还包括至少一个功能层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，第一堆叠的所述至少一个功能层中的一个功能层选自热反射膜和热吸收膜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，在所述至少一个第二部件堆叠的每一个堆叠中，所述玻璃层选自玻璃、聚碳酸酯、PMMA以及硬质聚氨酯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所选择的玻璃层是厚度从0.5毫米到1.1毫米的铝硅酸盐玻璃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，第一堆叠和第二堆叠两者的每一个塑料粘合层选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、离子体塑料聚合物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、现场浇筑液态树脂以及热塑性聚氨酯。
11.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，还包括覆盖所述第二部件堆叠的边缘面的外围密封层。
12.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述层压玻璃是车辆玻璃。
13.根据权利要求12所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆玻璃是弯曲玻璃。
14.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二部件堆叠还包括薄黑边。
15.根据权利要求13所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆玻璃是全景挡风玻璃，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠是一个第二部件堆叠，所述第二部件堆叠的所述至少一个功能层是一个功能层，以及所述功能层是可切换膜；其中，所形成的阶梯形部分位于驾驶员视野区上方。
16.根据权利要求13所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆玻璃是全景挡风玻璃，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠是两个第二部件堆叠，每一个第二部件堆叠的所述至少一个功能层是一个功能层，以及所述功能层是可切换膜；其中，两个所形成的阶梯形部分彼此对称地位于驾驶员视野区上方。
17.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠是一个部件堆叠，第二堆叠的所述至少一个功能层是一个功能层，以及所述功能层是有源矩阵显示器，所述有源矩阵显示器与传感器协作追踪太阳位置以在所述显示器上生成深色部分，其中，所述阶梯形部分位于驾驶员视野区上方。
18.一种具有至少一个阶梯形功能部分的层压玻璃，包括：
第一部件堆叠，包括：
具有内表面和外表面的外玻璃层；
具有内表面和外表面的内玻璃层；以及
至少一个塑料粘合层，位于所述外玻璃层的内表面和所述内玻璃层的内表面之间；以及
至少一个第二部件堆叠，其中，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠包括：
玻璃层；
至少一个功能层，所述至少一个功能层选自可切换层、显示器、发光装置、触敏层、传感器层、声学PVB层、热反射膜、热吸收膜或其组合；以及
至少一个塑料粘合层；
其中，所述至少一个第二部件堆叠中的每一个堆叠被布置在所述第一部件堆叠的内玻璃层的外表面的一部分上，并且被所述第二部件堆叠的所述至少一个塑料粘合层中的一个粘合到所述第一部件堆叠的内玻璃层的外表面的所述一部分，从而形成一个阶梯形部分。
19.根据权利要求18所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述传感器层选自光传感器或声学传感器。
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CN101454154A (zh) * 2006-04-20 2009-06-10 皮尔金顿集团有限公司 窗玻璃

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