CN112170023B - Centrifugal machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly discloses a centrifugal machine.A centrifugal mechanism comprises a placing rack and a rotary table, wherein test tube holes for placing test tubes are formed in the placing rack, the placing rack is connected to the rotary table, clamping groups are arranged in the placing rack, each clamping group comprises clamping blocks symmetrically arranged along the test tube holes, and the clamping blocks are connected to the placing rack in a sliding manner; the test tube opening device comprises a clamping block, a clamping block and a cover opening disc, and is characterized by further comprising a cover opening mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism, wherein the cover opening mechanism comprises a lifter and a cover opening disc, the lifter drives the cover opening disc to lift, a guide rod is fixedly connected to the cover opening disc, the cover opening disc is also connected with a cover opener, the guide rod can push the clamping block to move so as to clamp a test tube tightly, and the cover opener is used for opening a test tube cover; the negative pressure mechanism generates negative pressure after the test tube is uncapped to draw away the aerosol. This scheme is used for solving among the prior art the aerosol that exists after uncapping to the sample in the test tube and brings the problem of harm and the sample centrifugation in the test tube problem of troublesome poeration that exists of uncapping after removing again.

Description

a centrifuge

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a centrifuge.

Background technique

At present, almost all specimens in medical clinical examinations are separated by centrifugal precipitation, small-density particles or even centrifuged by high-speed centrifuge. The centrifugation time is about 15 minutes to 30 minutes. Or aerosols such as viruses are detached from the specimen into a suspended state. When the specimen is opened (the specimen is usually packed in a test tube for centrifugation), the suspended biologically active particles or viruses will quickly float into the air, causing harm to staff and workers. The environment has caused great pollution, especially the very small toxic or biologically active particles (below pm2.5) directly enter the respiratory tract, causing respiratory tract infection, and even entering the blood to cause toxemia or cell cancer; Specimens in the open-capped test tube will also be contaminated by aerosols emitted from the open-capped test tube (ie, cross-contamination), resulting in inaccurate testing of in-vitro specimens.

In the prior art, in order to avoid the influence of the uncapped test tube on the specimen in the opened test tube, a cap-opening machine is often used to open the cap of the test tube with the specimen uniformly, so as to avoid the sequence of opening the cap of the test tube and affect the accuracy of the specimen test. However, the centrifuge and the decapper are located in different equipment. Before decaps, the test tubes need to be manually removed from the centrifuge and placed on the decapper for decapping, which leads to the operation of the whole process. troublesome question.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a centrifuge to solve the problem in the prior art that the aerosol existing after the specimen in the test tube is opened will cause harm to medical staff, and the specimen in the test tube is centrifuged and then moved before opening the cover There is a problem of troublesome operation.

In order to achieve the above object, the basic scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A centrifuge comprises a casing, a cover and a centrifuge mechanism located in the casing, the cover covers the casing, the centrifuge comprises a placing rack and a rotatable turntable, the placing rack is provided with a test tube hole for placing a test tube, The placing rack is connected to the turntable, and a clamping group is arranged in the placing rack. Each clamping group includes a clamping block symmetrically arranged along the test tube hole. The clamping block is slidably connected to the placing rack, and the clamping group can clamp the test tube. It also includes a cover-opening mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism. The cover-opening mechanism includes a lifter and a cover-opening plate. The lifter drives the cover-opening plate to rise and fall. The cover-opening plate is fixedly connected with a guide rod, and the cover-opening plate is also connected with a cover-opening plate. The guide rod can push the clamping block to move to clamp the test tube. The cap opener is used to open the cap of the test tube;

Beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

When this solution is adopted, the centrifuge not only realizes the centrifugation of the specimen contained in the test tube, but also can use the guide rod of the cover opening mechanism to push the clamping block of the clamping group to clamp the test tube after the centrifugation is completed. After the test tube is clamped, the cap opener pulls out the test tube cover. After the test tube cover is pulled out, the negative pressure mechanism generates negative pressure in time, and then the aerosol is drawn away in time. Compared with the prior art, this solution not only realizes the centrifugation, but also realizes the opening of the test tube in the sealed space covered by the shell and the cover, and the aerosol generated by the opening of the cover is also evacuated in time, avoiding the need for the In the existing technology, the aerosol is absorbed by the medical staff when the cap is opened, which endangers the medical staff; at the same time, it also avoids the problem of affecting the accuracy of subsequent testing of specimens in test tubes that have been opened successively because the aerosol is not removed in time; The action of centrifugation and cap opening by medical staff by changing equipment is omitted, and centrifugation and cap opening are performed in one go, which reduces the workload of medical staff and shortens the operation time.

Further, the interior of the guide rod is hollow, the side wall of the guide rod is provided with a number of through holes that communicate with the interior hollow, the negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure machine and a negative pressure pipe, and the negative pressure pipe communicates with the internal hollow structure of the guide rod. .

Beneficial effect: After the negative pressure machine generates negative pressure, negative pressure adsorption is realized through the guide rod, and the guide rod can be inserted into the placing rack, and the guide rod is located next to the test tube, so the aerosol generated when the test tube is opened can be quickly opened through the guide rod. absorbed.

Further, the test tube holes of the placing rack are arranged in an array, each row of test tube holes corresponds to a clamping group, adjustment holes are formed between adjacent clamping blocks on adjacent clamping groups, and the lower part of the adjustment holes is circular. The upper part of the hole is tapered, and the guide rod can be inserted into the adjustment hole.

Beneficial effect: By setting adjustment holes on the adjacent clamping groups, when the guide rod is not aligned with the lower circle of the adjustment hole, the guide rod presses the taper on the upper part of the adjustment hole, forcing the placing frame to rotate with the turntable, ensuring that after the rotation The guide rod of the test tube can be accurately inserted into the lower circle of the adjustment hole, forming an automatic adjustment when the position of the lid opening mechanism and the centrifugal mechanism do not correspond to each other, ensuring the smooth opening of the test tube.

Further, the cap-opener includes a cap-opening sleeve and a clamping claw, the cap-opening sleeve is fixedly connected to the cap-opening plate, the cap-opening sleeve can accommodate the test tube cover, and the claw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cap-opening sleeve, and the cap is opened. When the device moves, the claw pulls out the test tube cover.

Beneficial effects: the test tube cover is pulled out through the moving claws, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

Further, a guide plate is provided on the cover body, a guide groove is formed between the guide plate and the cover body, the guide groove is located between the cover body and the cover opening plate, a collection bucket is arranged in the housing, one end of the guide groove is located above the collection bucket, and the opening The end of the cover sleeve away from the clamping claw is facing the cover body, and the test tube cover can be dropped from the cover opening sleeve to the guide groove.

Beneficial effect: After completing the opening of the test tube, when opening the cover of the centrifuge, the medical staff rotates the cover more than 90°, so that the cover of the test tube falls from the opening sleeve to the guide groove, and then falls along the guide groove. In the collection bucket, the collection of test tube caps is completed, which further simplifies the operation steps of medical staff and reduces the work intensity of medical staff.

Further, the centrifugal mechanism includes a first driver that drives the turntable to rotate, the first driver is fixedly connected to the housing, and the turntable is provided with a rotating shaft that is fixedly connected to the driver; the housing is also provided with a holding mechanism, and the holding mechanism includes a second driver , the top plate and the pressure plate, the placement rack is rotatably connected to the turntable, the top plate is vertically slidably connected to the rotating shaft, the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the second driver is used to drive the top plate to press up against the placement rack horizontally, and the pressure plate The top plate and the top plate are located on the upper and lower ends of the placement rack, and the pressure plate can press the placement rack to tilt.

Beneficial effects: By setting the holding mechanism, it is ensured that when the specimen in the test tube is centrifuged, the placing rack is inclined by the pressure plate to ensure the centrifugal effect of the specimen in the test tube; and when the cover is opened, the holding mechanism is also used, using The second driver drives the top plate to move upward. During the upward movement of the top plate, the pressing plate releases the pressing force on the placement rack, and the placement rack will gradually become horizontal under the action of the top plate, until the top plate presses the placement rack horizontally. It is convenient for the cap opener to open the tube cap after vertical movement.

Further, the placement rack is provided with a guide groove, and the pressure plate is provided with a guide rib that can be snapped into the guide groove.

Beneficial effects: the cooperation between the guide groove and the guide rib ensures that the placement rack does not move relative to the pressure plate in the circumferential direction when it rotates, thereby ensuring the consistency of the inclination angle when the placement rack rotates.

Further, the bottom of the housing is provided with a fresh air inlet, and a one-way valve is provided at the fresh air inlet, and the one-way valve is used to allow outside air to enter the housing.

Beneficial effects: After the negative pressure mechanism is activated, the inside of the casing will be in a negative pressure state, and fresh air will enter the casing from the one-way valve of the fresh air inlet, ensuring that the internal environment of the casing after the cover is opened is in a normal pressure state, and it is guaranteed. The freshness of the air in the housing.

Further, a disinfection pipe is also arranged between the negative pressure machine and the negative pressure pipe, and a photocatalyst filter screen and an ultraviolet disinfection lamp are arranged in the disinfection pipe.

Beneficial effect: After the negative pressure mechanism draws the aerosol from the casing through the negative pressure tube, the aerosol first enters the disinfection tube, and the photocatalyst filter screen and the ultraviolet disinfection lamp in the disinfection tube realize the disinfection and sterilization of the aerosol, ensuring that the aerosol is sterilized. The cleanliness of the gas discharged through the negative pressure machine.

Further, the photocatalyst filter screen is V-shaped.

Beneficial effect: The V-shaped photocatalyst filter can relatively increase the contact area with the harmful substances on the aerosol, thereby improving the disinfecting effect of the harmful substances on the aerosol.

Description of drawings

1 is a front cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

2 is a front cross-sectional view of the connection relationship between the cover body and the casing when the cover body is opened in the first embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a top view of the positional relationship among the centrifugal structure, the collecting bucket, the negative pressure machine and the one-way valve in the housing in the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the axonometric view of the centrifugal mechanism and the cover opening mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention (the lifter and the negative pressure pipe are removed);

Fig. 5 is the front sectional view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is the axonometric view after removing the cover opening mechanism in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9 is the axonometric view of the clamping group, the test tube and the guide rod in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the negative pressure mechanism in the second embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following is further described in detail by specific embodiments:

Reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: housing 1, cover 2, centrifugal mechanism 3, first drive 31, placement rack 32, guide groove 321, turntable 33, shaft 331, test tube 4, test tube cover 41, second Driver 51, top plate 52, pressure plate 53, guide ribs 531, clamping group 6, clamping block 61, adjustment hole 62, lifter 71, cover opening plate 72, guide rod 73, cover opener 74, cover opening sleeve Pipe 741 , clamping jaw 742 , guide plate 8 , guide groove 81 , negative pressure machine 91 , negative pressure pipe 92 , collection bucket 10 , one-way valve 20 , disinfection pipe 30 , photocatalyst filter 40 , ultraviolet disinfection lamp 50 .

Example 1

Embodiment 1 is basically as shown in accompanying drawings 1 to 9:

1 to 4, a centrifuge includes a casing 1, a cover 2, a centrifugal mechanism 3 located in the casing 1, a holding mechanism, a cover opening mechanism and a negative pressure machine 91. The cover 2 removes the casing 1. After the cover is closed, a closed space is formed. The cover body 2 is rotatably connected to the casing 1. The cover body 2 covers the casing 1. The centrifugal mechanism 3 includes a first driver 31, a placing rack 32 and a turntable 33. The first driver 31 is fixed Connected to the bottom of the housing 1, the first driver 31 adopts a servo motor, the bottom of the turntable 33 is integrally formed with a vertical shaft 331, the shaft 331 is fixedly connected with the first driver 31, the first driver 31 drives the turntable 33 to rotate, and the placement rack 32 rotates Connected to the turntable 33, the placement racks 32 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the turntable 33. In this embodiment, the number of the placement racks 32 is four, and each placement rack 32 is provided with 4 test tubes for placing the test tubes 4. Hole, an array of 4 test tubes distributed.

The holding mechanism includes a second driver 51, a top plate 52 and a pressure plate 53. The number of pressure plates 53 is the same as the number of the placement racks 32. The top plate 52 is vertically slidably connected to the rotating shaft 331, and the pressure plate 53 is fixedly connected to the top plate 52. The second driver 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1, and the second driver 51 adopts an electric push rod. The output shaft of the second driver 51 is slidably connected to the bottom of the pressure plate 53, and the bottom of the pressure plate 53 has an annular groove. Connected but does not affect the rotation of the top plate 52 with the turntable 33; the second driver 51 can drive the top plate 52 upward and horizontally to press against the placement rack 32, the pressure plate 53 and the top plate 52 are located at the upper and lower ends of the placement rack 32, and the pressure plate 53 The placement shelf 32 can be pressed to tilt.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9 , each placing frame 32 is provided with a guide groove 321 , and each pressure plate 53 is integrally formed with a guide rib 531 that can be snapped into the guide groove 321 .

Each placing rack 32 is slidably connected with a clamping group 6 , and each pair of clamping groups 6 includes clamping blocks 61 symmetrically arranged along the 4 holes of the test tube. The clamping blocks 61 are slidably connected to the placing rack 32 . 6. The test tube 4 can be clamped (each clamping block 61 is processed with a curved surface that is attached to the test tube 4, and a rubber block is pasted on the curved surface, and the two clamping blocks 61 on the same clamping group 6 face the test tube. When the 4 is approached, the test tube 4 can be held tightly to realize the clamping of the test tube 4). An adjustment hole 62 is formed between the adjacent clamping blocks 61 on the adjacent clamping groups 6. The lower part of the adjustment hole 62 is circular, and the adjustment hole 62 The upper part is tapered.

4 to 7, the cover opening mechanism includes a lifter 71 and a cover opening plate 72, the lifter 71 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cover body 2, the lifter 71 drives the cover opening plate 72 to move up and down, and the cover opening plate 72 is fixed on the A guide rod 73 and a cover opener 74 are connected, and the guide rod 73 can be inserted into the adjustment hole 62 formed between the adjacent clamping blocks 61 through the placing frame 32. When the guide rod 73 is inserted into the adjustment hole 62, the relative The two adjacent clamping blocks 61 are squeezed apart, so that the clamping group 6 formed by the clamping blocks 61 clamps the test tube 4 .

The interior of the guide rod 73 is hollow, and the side wall of the guide rod 73 is provided with a plurality of through holes communicating with the interior hollow.

The cap opener 74 includes a cap opening sleeve 741 and a claw 742. The cap opening sleeve 741 is fixedly connected to the cap opening plate 72. The cap opening sleeve 741 can accommodate the test tube cover 41, and the claw 742 is fixedly connected to the cap opening sleeve. At the bottom of the tube 741, when the cap opener 74 moves upwards driven by the lifter 71, the claw 742 pulls out the test tube cap 41.

An inclined guide plate 8 is fixed with screws on the cover body 2. An inclined guide groove 81 is formed between the guide plate 8 and the cover body 2. The guide groove 81 is located between the cover body 2 and the cover opening plate 72. A collection bucket is installed in the casing 1. 10; After the cover body 2 is opened, the lower end of the guide groove 81 is located directly above the collection bucket 10, the end of the cover opening sleeve 741 away from the claw 742 is facing the cover body 2, and the test tube cover 41 can be removed from the cover opening sleeve 741. Then, the test tube cover 41 falls into the collecting bucket 10 along the guide groove 81 .

The negative pressure machine 91 includes a negative pressure machine 91 and a negative pressure pipe 92. The negative pressure pipe 92 communicates with the inner hollow structure of the guide rod 73. The negative pressure machine 91 mechanism is used to generate negative pressure after the test tube 4 is opened to open the cover. The aerosols produced are pumped away.

A fresh air inlet is opened at the bottom of the housing 1 , and a one-way valve 20 is fixedly installed at the fresh air inlet. The one-way valve 20 is used to allow outside air to enter the housing 1 .

The specific implementation process is as follows:

When the present embodiment is used, when the medical staff centrifuges the test tube 4 with the specimen, the cover body 2 is opened, the test tube 4 with the test tube cover 41 is put into the test tube 4 hole of the placing rack 32, and then the The second driver 51 drives the top plate 52 to move downward. After the pressure plate 53 follows the top plate 52 to move downward, the second driver 51 stops until the platen 53 presses the rack 32 to incline to facilitate the centrifugation of the test tube 4 . Then the first driver 31 of the centrifuge mechanism 3 is activated, the turntable 33 drives the placing rack 32, the top plate 52, and the pressure plate 53 to rotate synchronously, and the specimen in the test tube 4 is centrifuged; after the centrifugation is completed, the first driver 31 stops, and the lifter 71 Start and then drive the opening plate 72 to move down, the guide rod 73 is inserted through the placement rack 32 into the adjustment hole 62 formed between the adjacent clamping blocks 61 on the adjacent clamping groups 6. On the one hand, the placement rack 32 is ensured. The upper test tube 4 is aligned with the cap opener 74 on the cap opening tray 72; on the other hand, the clamping block 61 is squeezed by the guide rod 73, so that the two clamping blocks 61 on the clamping group clamp the test tube 4.

During the downward movement of the cap-opening plate 72, the claw 742 at the bottom of the cap-opening sleeve 741 is first squeezed and opened by the test tube cover 41. The claw 742 moves closer to the test tube cover 41 and hooks the test tube cover 41; then the lifter 71 drives the cover opening plate 72 to move upward, because the test tube 4 is clamped by the clamping group 6, the cover opener 74 can move up after the test tube cover 41. Pull it out to complete the cap opening action of the test tube 4 .

During the process of opening the cover, the negative pressure machine 91 of the negative pressure machine 91 is activated, the generated negative pressure enters the guide rod 73 through the negative pressure pipe 92, and then the test tube 4 is opened in time through the through hole of the guide rod 73. The generated aerosol is pumped away in time.

2, after the above work is completed, when the medical staff opens the cover body 2, after the cover body 2 is rotated, the test tube cover 41 originally located in the cover opening sleeve 741 falls to the cover body 2 under the action of gravity, and follows The inclined cover body 2 falls into the guide groove 81 formed by the guide plate 8, and finally slides down into the collection bucket 10 from the guide groove 81. The automatic collection of the test tube cover 41 is realized without adding unnecessary actions.

This embodiment not only realizes centrifugation, but also realizes the opening of the cap of the test tube 4, and also draws away the aerosol generated by the opening of the cap in time, so as to avoid the situation that the aerosol is absorbed by the medical staff and endangers the medical staff when the cap is opened; It eliminates the problem of affecting the accuracy of subsequent testing of specimens in test tubes 4 that have been opened successively because the aerosol is not removed in time; in addition, it also saves medical staff from changing equipment to perform centrifugation and opening the cap. The workload of medical staff is reduced and the operation time is shortened.

Embodiment 2

The second embodiment is basically as shown in FIG. 10, and the second embodiment has the following improvements on the basis of the first embodiment: a disinfection pipe 30 is also fixedly connected between the negative pressure machine 91 and the negative pressure pipe 92, and the disinfection pipe 30 is installed in the There are a photocatalyst filter 40 and an ultraviolet disinfection lamp 50, and the photocatalyst filter 40 is V-shaped.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

After the negative pressure machine 91 draws the aerosol from the housing 1 through the negative pressure tube 92, the aerosol first enters the disinfection tube 30, and the photocatalyst filter screen 40 and the ultraviolet disinfection lamp in the disinfection tube 30 realize the air sterilization. The disinfection and sterilization of the sol ensures the cleanliness of the gas discharged through the negative pressure machine 91 .

The above descriptions are only examples of the present invention, and common knowledge such as well-known specific structures and characteristics in the solutions are not described too much here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation of the present invention. Effectiveness and utility of patents. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be based on the content of the claims, and the descriptions of the specific implementation manners in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a centrifuge, includes casing, lid and the centrifugal mechanism that is located the casing, and the lid covers the casing, and centrifugal mechanism includes rack and carousel that can rotate, is equipped with the test tube hole that is used for placing the test tube on the rack, and its characterized in that is connected on the carousel to the rack: clamping groups are arranged in the placing frame, each clamping group comprises clamping blocks symmetrically arranged along the test tube hole, the clamping blocks are connected to the placing frame in a sliding mode, and the clamping groups can clamp the test tube tightly; the test tube opening device comprises a clamping block, a clamping block and a cover opening disc, and is characterized by further comprising a cover opening mechanism and a negative pressure mechanism, wherein the cover opening mechanism comprises a lifter and a cover opening disc, the lifter drives the cover opening disc to lift, a guide rod is fixedly connected to the cover opening disc, the cover opening disc is also connected with a cover opener, the guide rod can push the clamping block to move so as to clamp a test tube tightly, and the cover opener is used for opening a test tube cover; the test tube holes of the placing rack are arranged in an array, each row of test tube holes corresponds to one clamping group, an adjusting hole is formed between adjacent clamping blocks on the adjacent clamping groups, the lower part of each adjusting hole is circular, the upper part of each adjusting hole is conical, and a guide rod can be inserted into each adjusting hole; the guide rod is hollow, and the side wall of the guide rod is provided with a plurality of through holes communicated with the hollow inside; the negative pressure mechanism comprises a negative pressure machine and a negative pressure pipe, and the negative pressure pipe is communicated with the hollow structure in the guide rod; the negative pressure mechanism is used for generating negative pressure after the test tube is uncapped so as to pump away aerosol generated during uncapping.

2. The centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the cover opener comprises a cover opening sleeve and a clamping jaw, the cover opening sleeve is fixedly connected to a cover opening disc, a test tube cover can be accommodated in the cover opening sleeve, the clamping jaw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cover opening sleeve, and when the cover opener moves, the clamping jaw extracts the test tube cover.

3. The centrifuge of claim 2, wherein: be equipped with the baffle on the lid, form the guiding groove between baffle and the lid, the guiding groove is located between lid and the dish that uncaps, is equipped with the collecting vessel in the casing, and the one end of guiding groove is located the collecting vessel top, and the cover sleeve pipe is kept away from the one end of jack catch and is just to the lid, and the test tube lid can follow the cover sleeve pipe that uncaps and fall to the guiding groove in.

4. The centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the centrifugal mechanism comprises a first driver for driving the rotary table to rotate, the first driver is fixedly connected to the shell, and the rotary table is provided with a rotating shaft fixedly connected with the driver; still be equipped with retaining mechanism in the casing, retaining mechanism includes second driver, top dish and pressure disk, and the rack rotates to be connected on the carousel, and the vertical sliding connection of top dish is in the pivot, pressure disk and top dish fixed connection, and the second driver is used for driving the top dish and supports tight rack to the higher level, and the pressure disk is located the upper and lower both ends of rack with the top dish, and the pressure disk can press the rack to the slope.

5. The centrifuge of claim 4, wherein: be equipped with the guide way on the rack, be equipped with the direction muscle that can block into the guide way on the pressure disk.

6. The centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the shell is provided with a fresh air inlet, the fresh air inlet is provided with a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is used for allowing outside air to enter the shell.

7. The centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the negative pressure mechanism, still be equipped with the disinfection pipe between negative pressure machine and the negative pressure pipe, be equipped with photocatalyst filter screen and ultraviolet ray disinfection lamp in the disinfection pipe.

8. The centrifuge of claim 7, wherein: the photocatalyst filter screen is V-shaped.

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