CN112116050A - Rapid clone RFID label detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid clone RFID tag detection method, comprising the following steps: S1: using an RFID phase extraction tool to perform phase acquisition processing on all RFID tags; S2: for all RFID tags to be measured, obtain through multiple transformation distance measurements Multiple phase data, and use the least squares method for noise reduction operation to obtain an optimized fingerprint database; S3: For the obtained phase fingerprint information database, c2 and K-S randomness detection is performed, and it is verified that the phase fingerprints conform to a uniform distribution ; S3: For a given tag to be detected, we also do multiple measurements, and perform the least squares operation to obtain the optimized phase fingerprint of the tag to be detected; S4: Compare the measured phase fingerprint with the stored phase fingerprint. The invention can accurately identify all cloned tags hidden in real tags, effectively reduce the attack threat brought by cloned RFID tags, improve system security, protect the privacy of RFID users, and ensure the application security of RFID products.

Description

A rapid clone RFID tag detection method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of RFID tags, and in particular relates to a method for detecting a rapid clone RFID tag.

Background technique

In the era of the Internet of Everything, the perception layer technology of the Internet of Things provides a new opportunity for the in-depth development of national defense and military reforms. IoT technology can effectively make up for many deficiencies in the field of military logistics management. For example, with the help of RFID technology, the transportation requirements of special materials can be known in real time, the precise time of replacement and replenishment of items can be controlled in time, decisions can be made predictably according to changes in the battlefield environment, and logistics operations can be independently coordinated, controlled, organized and implemented to achieve The integration of logistics support and combat operations. At the same time, the application of RFID technology can strengthen the management of important battlefield materials, realize the accurate tracking of personnel flow, equipment flow and material flow, avoid the loss of important materials, effectively command and control the process of receiving, distribution and exchange, so that the supply of materials and the The management achieves a high degree of transparency, which greatly improves the effectiveness of military logistics support. It can be seen that from military scientific research and testing, logistics equipment flow to equipment engineering, RFID applications will spread throughout all aspects of war preparation and implementation. At the same time, RFID technology connects many otherwise isolated devices to the network, which greatly increases the risk of devices being attacked. Because the RFID system has the characteristics of limited resources, open communication mode, lack of unified standards, and low security capabilities, it is extremely vulnerable to malicious attacks such as forgery. As an important part of the RFID system, the tag plays a very important role in the entire RFID system. The data in the memory of the RFID tag can be read by the reader, and even the identification information can be tampered with. Considering that RFID systems are often used in key fields such as industrial production and defense monitoring, their attack has serious consequences. Security issues have become an important factor hindering the further development of the Internet of Things based on RFID technology. Since the RFID system involves various technical systems such as embedded, network and software, its security requirements and application environment are more complex than the traditional Internet environment.

Most of the existing security analysis tools on the market are based on traditional Internet security technology, and the cost is high, so it is difficult to quickly check and find the existence of cloned tags in the RFID system.

The RFID tag data communicates with the reader through radio frequency. The current RFID communication protocol ensures the versatility of the reader from different manufacturers to read the tag data, but it also makes the RFID system unable to intercept the malicious reader's identification of the tag data. read and tamper with. On the other hand, due to the resource limitation problem of the RFID system, it is impossible to adopt a complex encryption scheme to protect the RFID tag data. Attackers are likely to use malicious readers to clone tags, interfere and destroy the RFID logistics application system, make the RFID system face serious security threats and data privacy protection issues, generate huge security risks, and bring great harm to life and work. threaten.

Domestic research results in the field of RFID tag clone detection mainly focus on the direction of data encryption and security protocols. The research on RFID tag clone detection is mainly realized by data analysis or additional hardware monitoring methods. Considering that the efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the implementation is difficult, we propose a rapid clone RFID tag detection method to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid clone RFID tag detection method to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a rapid clone RFID tag detection method, comprising the following steps:

S1: Use the RFID phase extraction tool to perform phase acquisition processing on all RFID tags;

S2: In the acquisition process, in order to reduce the phase measurement error of the RFID tags, for all the RFID tags to be measured, multiple phase data are obtained through multiple transformation distance measurements, and the noise reduction operation is performed by the least square method to obtain an optimized fingerprint database. ;

S3: For the obtained phase fingerprint information library, use Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function to perform c2 and K-S randomness detection on the sample data, and it is verified that the phase fingerprint conforms to a uniform distribution;

S3: For a given tag to be detected, we also do multiple measurements, and perform the least squares operation to obtain the optimized phase fingerprint of the tag to be detected;

S4: Compare the measured phase fingerprint with the stored phase fingerprint. If they match, it is a legal label, otherwise, it is a clone label.

Preferably, the phase fingerprint is due to the communication mechanism of the reader and the reflection characteristics of the tag, which will generate an extra phase in addition to the radio frequency phase. This phase is determined by the physical characteristics of the reader antenna and the tag itself, so both stable and stable , the only feature is that it is a good choice for fingerprints, and the specific definitions are as follows:

Assuming that d is the distance between the reader antenna and the tag, and the backscattered signal back and forth is 2d, the total phase output of the reader can be expressed as:

θ _div = θ _ant + θ _tag (2-2)

where λ is the wavelength, in addition to the RF phase θ, the transceiver mechanism of the reader and the reflection characteristics of the tag will introduce some additional phases θant and θtag, and use this additional phase as a new fingerprint, called the phase fingerprint , because the hardware parameters of the tag and the antenna are involved in the phase fingerprint, if you want to obtain the phase fingerprint directly, you must ensure that the same reader is used as the reader.

Preferably, the extraction process of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

After the RFID system equipment is connected, the reader collects the backscattered signal during the communication between the tag and the antenna through the antenna, and the reader transmits the collected data to the connected computer;

After the computer receives the data, it performs fast Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum of the communication signal, including the phase spectrum and amplitude spectrum, as well as information such as the tag serial number, signal strength, and the serial number of the antenna used.

Preferably, the specific process of noise reduction processing of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

First, by changing the distance between the reader and the tag to be collected n times, different phase values {θ ₁ , θ ₂ ,..., θ _n } are obtained, where θ _i represents the phase θ value obtained by the i-th measurement;

且有

Then use the following formula to perform noise reduction processing, and the optimized phase value θ' of the tag to be collected can be obtained:

and have

Preferably, the specific process of the uniformity verification of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

After using the same reader to obtain the phase fingerprints of 50 tags, in order to ensure the uniqueness of the phase fingerprints, the distribution characteristics of the phase fingerprints need to be tested; here, χ2 and K-S randomness detection is performed on the sample data. The detection method is Directly transfer Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function, the output conforms to the uniform distribution when h=0, and does not conform to the uniform distribution when h=1.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a method for detecting a rapid clone RFID label, the present invention can accurately identify all clone labels hidden in real labels, and for common RFID clone attack characteristics, It can extract the physical feature information analysis of RFID tags, and adopt a reasonable detection scheme according to the specific application scenarios of the RFID system, in order to find and identify RFID tags that have been maliciously cloned, effectively reduce the attack threat caused by cloned RFID tags, and improve system security. security, protect the privacy of RFID users, and ensure the application security of RFID products.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase acquisition result during the uniformity verification process of the phase fingerprint of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The present invention provides a rapid clone RFID tag detection method as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:

S1: Use the RFID phase extraction tool to perform phase acquisition processing on all RFID tags;

S2: In the acquisition process, in order to reduce the phase measurement error of the RFID tags, for all the RFID tags to be measured, multiple phase data are obtained through multiple transformation distance measurements, and the noise reduction operation is performed by the least square method to obtain an optimized fingerprint database. ;

S3: For the obtained phase fingerprint information library, use Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function to perform c2 and K-S randomness detection on the sample data, and it is verified that the phase fingerprint conforms to a uniform distribution;

S3: For a given tag to be detected, we also do multiple measurements, and perform the least squares operation to obtain the optimized phase fingerprint of the tag to be detected;

S4: Compare the measured phase fingerprint with the stored phase fingerprint. If they match, it is a legal label, otherwise, it is a clone label.

Specifically, the phase fingerprint is due to the communication mechanism of the reader and the reflection characteristics of the tag, which will generate an extra phase in addition to the radio frequency phase. This phase is determined by the physical characteristics of the reader antenna and the tag itself, so both stable and stable , the only feature is that it is a good choice for fingerprints, and the specific definitions are as follows:

Assuming that d is the distance between the reader antenna and the tag, and the backscattered signal back and forth is 2d, the total phase output of the reader can be expressed as:

θ _div = θ _ant + θ _tag (2-2)

where λ is the wavelength, in addition to the RF phase θ, the transceiver mechanism of the reader and the reflection characteristics of the tag will introduce some additional phases θant and θtag, and use this additional phase as a new fingerprint, called the phase fingerprint , because the hardware parameters of the tag and the antenna are involved in the phase fingerprint, if you want to obtain the phase fingerprint directly, you must ensure that the same reader is used as the reader.

Specifically, the extraction process of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

After the RFID system equipment is connected, the reader collects the backscattered signal during the communication between the tag and the antenna through the antenna, and the reader transmits the collected data to the connected computer;

After the computer receives the data, it performs fast Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum of the communication signal, including the phase spectrum and amplitude spectrum, as well as information such as the tag serial number, signal strength, and the serial number of the antenna used.

Specifically, the specific process of noise reduction processing of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

其中θ_i表示第i次测量得到相位θ值；First, obtain different phase values by changing the distance between the reader and the tag to be collected n times.

where θ _i represents the phase θ value obtained by the i-th measurement;

且有

Then use the following formula to perform noise reduction processing, and the optimized phase value θ' of the tag to be collected can be obtained:

and have

Specifically, the specific process of the uniformity verification of the phase fingerprint is as follows:

After using the same reader to obtain the phase fingerprints of 50 tags, in order to ensure the uniqueness of the phase fingerprints, the distribution characteristics of the phase fingerprints need to be tested; here, χ2 and K-S randomness detection is performed on the sample data. The detection method is Directly transfer Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function, the output conforms to the uniform distribution when h=0, and does not conform to the uniform distribution when h=1. The test results are shown in Figure 2, and it is verified that the phase fingerprints conform to a uniform distribution.

Specifically, the detection process of the clone tag is as follows:

For a given tag to be detected, we also do multiple measurements, perform the least squares operation to obtain the optimized phase fingerprint of the tag to be detected, and compare the measured phase fingerprint with the stored phase fingerprint. If it matches, it is legal. label, otherwise a clone label.

To sum up, compared with the prior art, the present invention can accurately identify all clone tags hidden in real tags, and can extract the physical feature information analysis of RFID tags according to the characteristics of common RFID clone attacks, and analyze the physical characteristics of the RFID tags according to the characteristics of the RFID system. A reasonable detection scheme is adopted for specific application scenarios, in order to find and identify maliciously cloned RFID tags, effectively reduce the attack threat caused by cloned RFID tags, improve system security, protect the privacy of RFID users, and ensure the application security of RFID products.

Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, the The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included. within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a rapid clone RFID label detection method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: S1: Use the RFID phase extraction tool to perform phase acquisition processing on all RFID tags; S2: In the acquisition process, in order to reduce the phase measurement error of the RFID tags, for all the RFID tags to be measured, multiple phase data are obtained through multiple transformation distance measurements, and the noise reduction operation is performed by the least square method to obtain an optimized fingerprint database. ; S3: For the obtained phase fingerprint information library, use Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function to perform c2 and K-S randomness detection on the sample data, and it is verified that the phase fingerprint conforms to a uniform distribution; S3: For a given tag to be detected, we also do multiple measurements, and perform the least squares operation to obtain the optimized phase fingerprint of the tag to be detected; S4: Compare the measured phase fingerprint with the stored phase fingerprint. If they match, it is a legal label, otherwise, it is a clone label. 2. A kind of fast clone RFID tag detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described phase fingerprint is due to the reflection characteristic of reader communication mechanism and tag, can produce an extra phase outside the radio frequency phase , this phase is determined by the physical characteristics of the reader antenna and the tag itself, so it has stable and unique characteristics and is a good choice for fingerprints. The specific definitions are as follows: Assuming that d is the distance between the reader antenna and the tag, and the backscattered signal back and forth is 2d, the total phase output of the reader can be expressed as:

θ _div = θ _ant + θ _tag (2-2) where λ is the wavelength, in addition to the RF phase θ, the transceiver mechanism of the reader and the reflection characteristics of the tag will introduce some additional phases θant and θtag, and use this additional phase as a new fingerprint, called the phase fingerprint , because the hardware parameters of the tag and the antenna are involved in the phase fingerprint, if you want to obtain the phase fingerprint directly, you must ensure that the same reader is used as the reader. 3. a kind of fast clone RFID label detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the extraction process of described phase fingerprint is as follows: After the RFID system equipment is connected, the reader collects the backscattered signal during the communication between the tag and the antenna through the antenna, and the reader transmits the collected data to the connected computer; After the computer receives the data, it performs fast Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum of the communication signal, including the phase spectrum and amplitude spectrum, as well as information such as the tag serial number, signal strength, and the serial number of the antenna used. 4. a kind of fast clone RFID label detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the noise reduction processing concrete process of described phase fingerprint is as follows: First, by changing the distance between the reader and the tag to be collected n times, different phase values {θ ₁ , θ ₂ ,..., θ _n } are obtained, where θ _i represents the phase θ value obtained by the i-th measurement; Then use the following formula to perform noise reduction processing, and the optimized phase value θ' of the tag to be collected can be obtained:

And there are {θ ₁ ,θ ₂ ,...,θ _n }, 0≤θ′≤2π. 5. a kind of fast clone RFID label detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the uniformity verification specific process of described phase fingerprint is as follows: After using the same reader to obtain the phase fingerprints of 50 tags, in order to ensure the uniqueness of the phase fingerprints, the distribution characteristics of the phase fingerprints need to be tested; here, χ2 and K-S randomness detection is performed on the sample data. The detection method is Directly transfer Matlab's chi2gof function and kstest function, the output conforms to the uniform distribution when h=0, and does not conform to the uniform distribution when h=1.

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