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CN1119844A - 自动控制的增压刹车装置 - Google Patents

自动控制的增压刹车装置 Download PDF

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CN1119844A
CN1119844A CN94191608A CN94191608A CN1119844A CN 1119844 A CN1119844 A CN 1119844A CN 94191608 A CN94191608 A CN 94191608A CN 94191608 A CN94191608 A CN 94191608A CN 1119844 A CN1119844 A CN 1119844A
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CN1040189C (zh
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菲利普·卡斯特尔
克里斯丁·杜利特
吉尔伯特·克瓦格里特
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AlliedSignal Europe Services Techniques
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/46—Vacuum systems
    • B60T13/52—Vacuum systems indirect, i.e. vacuum booster units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/72—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems in vacuum systems or vacuum booster units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B60T15/02—Application and release valves
    • B60T15/025—Electrically controlled valves
    • B60T15/027—Electrically controlled valves in pneumatic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/362—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in pneumatic systems
    • B60T8/3625—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in pneumatic systems having at least one vacuum connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4845—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems using a booster or a master cylinder for traction control
    • B60T8/4854—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems using a booster or a master cylinder for traction control pneumatic boosters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86919—Sequentially closing and opening alternately seating flow controllers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种自动控制刹车装置，含有一个气动真空伺服机构和一个能通过一根管子有选择地使上述伺服机构与两个压力源中的一个或另一个相连接的气动电磁阀。为防止低压力源耗尽，上述电磁阀含有瓣阀、弹力机构和电流发生器，瓣阀承受一个吸力，该吸力的大小与高、低压力源间的压力差成正比，其方向与电磁铁的驱动力的方向相同；弹力机构对瓣阀施加一个大于上述吸力而方向与其相反的弹性力；而电流发生器产生一个具有预定的最大密度的电流，从而产生一个小于上述弹力的驱动力。

Description

自动控制的增压刹车装置
本发明涉及一种机动车用的自动刹车装置，它含有：一个至少设有一个第一调压室的气动真空伺服机构；可分别产生较低压力和较高压力的第一压力源和第二压力源；一个与上述两个压力源和伺服机构的第一室相连接的气动电磁阀，它含有一个能将一个驱动力传递给瓣阀的电磁铁，上述瓣阀一方面可以将第一压力源与第二压力源永久地隔开，另一方面又可根据有选择地供给电磁铁的控制电流的大小将上述的第一调压室与两个压力源中的一个或另一个相隔开；和一个可对电磁铁选择性地供电的开关式电流发生器。
这种类型的刹车装置(在美国专利No,4,667,471具体公开的现有技术中已有详述)可以在情况需要时对车轮产生制动而不受车辆传动件的任何妨碍。
这些装置具有重要优点，它们的应用已越来越广泛，因为它们特别适用于防止在车辆起动时或加速过程中当驱动扭矩过大时引起车轮旋回打滑而使车辆原地不动的现象。
但是，在某些过载的情况下，这些刹车装置会增大构成第一压力源的低压储量的相对消耗，并且会因此造成即使在最好的情况下也不能随意刹车的危险。
实际上，通常主要是由发动机导入管组成的低压力源代表着一个有限的容积，发动机每次起动后就将伺服机构用过的空气送入上述容积内，这就更加速低压源的消耗，并使伺服机构所提供的增压降低。
这种情势对于发动机上方的车轮防抱装置失去控制作用时特别不利的，因为发动机的加速已自然地促使低压力源的性能降低。
本发明就是在这个范围内，采用防止低压储量耗尽的办法来保证恒定的随意刹车的有效性。
为此，并根据上面提到的预兆性事件，在本发明的刹车装置中，电磁阀的瓣阀在整个承压横截面上承受一个吸力，该吸力的大小与第一和第二压力源的压力差成正比，其方向与驱动力的方向相同，本发明刹车装置的主要特征在于，电磁阀含有一个弹力机构，该机构对瓣阀产生一个给定值大于上述的吸力而方向则与其相反的弹性力，并且，上述的驱动力的数值限制在低于上述的弹性力的范围内。
在本发明的最简单的实施例中，通过使电流发生器产生电流密度小于给定的临界值的电流的措施来限制驱动力的大小。
根据上述的结构，电磁阀以某种方式起到一种压差传感器的作用，并且只在吸力与对应于上述电流的驱动力的合力能克服弹性力的时候才能对控制电流的作用起反应，这一情况只有在吸力大于某一临界值(高于该临界值时第一压力源不致被耗尽)的时候才会发生。
从下面参考附图结合非限定性实施例所作的说明中，将可更清楚地了解本发明的其他特征和优点，附图中：
图1是本发明的刹车装置的示意图；
图2是由两半部分组成的放大视图，示出图1刹车装置中所用的电磁阀，图的下半部表示电磁阀处于不工作状态，上半部表示电磁阀处于激励状态。
由于本发明仅仅涉及气动增压刹车装置的改进，而且该装置的一般结构和操作又是懂得本技术的人非常熟悉的，所以，在这里仅对该装置作极简要的说明，以便对本发明所述的改进部分有总体上的理解。
如图所示，这种类型的刹车装置含有一个伺服机构1和一个主气缸2。
伺服机构1本身有一个刚性壳体3，该壳体3由一个活动隔板4以气密方式分成两个室3a和3b，上述隔板4构成一个可在壳体3内移动的气动活塞5。
前室3a通过单向阀6与一低压源D永久地连接，它的前面由主气缸2以气密方式封闭。
相反地，后室3b则可有选择地或与低压源连接，或与高压源例如大气A连接。
为此，用于正常刹车时，后室3b的入口由一个瓣阀7和一个柱塞8控制，后者则通过一控制杆10与一刹车踏板9相连接。
当控制杆10处于静止状态(此时它被向右拉)时，瓣阀7通常使伺服机构的两个室3a和3b连通。
由于后室3b承受与前室3a一样的减压，故活塞5就被回动弹簧11推回静止位置，即右边。
当控制杆10向左移动而推动柱塞8时，其作用是：第一种情况是移动瓣阀7使前室3a与后室3b互相隔开，第二种情况是移动该瓣阀7使后室3b连通大气压A。
前室3a与后室3b之间的压力差作用在活动隔板4上，并产生一个促使隔板4向左移动的推力，使它又带动活塞5一起移动，从而压缩弹簧11。
由控制杆10施加在柱塞8上的制动力，或称“输入力”，以及由活动隔板4的推力引起的制动增压力，或者称“助推力”，一起作用在反作用盘12上，从而形成一股通过推杆13传输到主气缸2上的驱动力。
如图1所示，本发明的刹车装置还包含一个用来对车轮进行自动制动的气动电磁阀14，为此，将它与两个压力源A和D相连接，并且通过波纹管15与伺服机构的后室3b连接。
上述电磁阀14(见图2)含有一个电磁铁16，它可激励磁芯17而将驱动力传递给瓣阀18，电磁铁16由一个带有电源19a和开关19b的开关式电流发生器有选择地供电。
瓣阀18主要含有一个带有活动支座180a的驱动杆180，和一个可与电磁阀内的活动支座180a和固定支座182相互作用的管状件181，该管状件181的位置取决于随磁芯17移动的驱动杆180的位置。
根据驱动杆180位置的不同，管状件181可以或是与活动支座180a相互作用以便使后室3b与低压源D隔开(见图2的上半部)，或是与固定支座182相互作用以便使后室3b与高压源A隔开(见图2的下半部)，管状件181总是与两个支座中的一个或另一个相互作用，以便使高压源A与低压源D彼此隔开。
管状件181和磁芯17分别由第一弹簧20和第二弹簧21推向固定支座182(即推向图2中的右侧)，而驱动杆180则由第三弹簧22推向相反方向(即推向图2中的左侧)。
当电磁阀14处于不工作状态时(见图2的下半部)，在活动支座180a与管状件181间的接合处，瓣阀7的整个承压横截面S上受到一个吸力，该吸力的强度与分别来自压力源A和D的压力之差成正比，该吸力的方向与电磁铁由电流发生器19a和19b供电时磁芯17传递给驱动杆180的驱动力的方向相同。
按照本发明，当电磁阀不工作时，还是在活动支座180a与管状件181间的连接处，由弹簧20、21和22施加到上述的同一瓣阀18上形成的弹性力的值大于该瓣阀所承受的方向相反的吸力值，具体说来，这一特征简单地意味着驱动杆180被推回到图2之左侧而使电磁阀处于非工作状态。
另外，电流发生器19a、19b所产生的电流的平均电流密度低于作用在驱动杆180上的驱动力的预定临界值，而该驱动力的值又小于由弹簧20、21和22的作用所产生的弹性力的值。
在这些条件下，只有当一个足够大的吸力加到电磁铁的驱动力上以便克服弹簧20、21和22的弹性力的时候才能使电磁阀14从非工作状态进入到激励状态。
专家们在阅读上述说明后会很容易地看出，通过标定上述的各种力，可以保证只有在由压力源A和D分别提供的压力之间具有足够的压力差(该值要事先选定以防止压力源D耗尽)时，电磁阀才打开。

Claims (2)

1.机动车辆用的自动控制刹车装置含有：一个至少设有一个第一调压室(3b)的气动真空伺服机构(1)；可分别发出一个较低压力和一个较高压力的第一和第二压力源(D，A)；一个与上述两压力源(D，A)和上述伺服机构的第一室(3b)相连接并含有一个可将一驱动力传递给瓣阀(18)的电磁铁(16)的气动电磁阀(14)，上述瓣阀(18)一方面可以将第一压力源(D)与第二压力源(A)永久地隔开，另一方面又可根据有选择地供给电磁铁(16)的控制电流的大小使第一压力室(3b)与两个压力源(D，A)中的一个或另一个隔开；和一个能对上述电磁铁(16)选择性地供电的开关式电流发生器(19a，19b)，其特征在于，上述的瓣阀(18)在其整个的承压横截面(S)上，受到一个吸力，该吸力的大小与上述第一和第二压力源间的压力差成正比，其方向与上述的驱动力相同，上述的电磁阀含有弹力机构(20，21，22)，它们能够对上述瓣阀施加一个数值大于上述吸力而方向与其相反的给定弹性力，上述结构的特征还在于，上述驱动力的大小限定在低于上述的弹性力的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1的刹车装置，其特征在于，上述电流发生器(19a，19b)产生的电流的平均电流密度小于一个预定的临界值。
CN94191608A 1993-10-12 1994-09-08 自动控制的增压刹车装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1040189C (zh)

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FR9312088A FR2711104B1 (fr) 1993-10-12 1993-10-12 Système de freinage assisté à commande automatique et à réserve contrôlée.
FR93/12088 1993-10-12

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DE102004036984A1 (de) * 2003-08-01 2005-04-07 Advics Co., Ltd., Kariya Fahrzeugbremshydraulikdruckgenerator

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DE69403673T2 (de) 1997-11-27
JP2004323015A (ja) 2004-11-18
KR960704744A (ko) 1996-10-09
FR2711104A1 (fr) 1995-04-21
BR9406118A (pt) 1995-12-12
CN1040189C (zh) 1998-10-14
ES2105750T3 (es) 1997-10-16
EP0722399A1 (fr) 1996-07-24
JP3642787B2 (ja) 2005-04-27
KR100300153B1 (ko) 2001-11-22
US5653514A (en) 1997-08-05
DE69403673D1 (de) 1997-07-10
WO1995010436A1 (fr) 1995-04-20
JPH09503721A (ja) 1997-04-15
EP0722399B1 (fr) 1997-06-04
FR2711104B1 (fr) 1996-01-05

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