CN111973648A - 一种祛湿中药组合物及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于食品技术领域，公开了一种祛湿中药组合物及其制作方法。所述食品包括优选下述重量配比的组分：金银花：3份；金字塔：2份。具体制作方法包括：1）取金银花粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，浓缩至相对密度1.1的浸膏，加入95％乙醇至含醇量为70％，静置24h，滤过，取续滤液减压浓缩得样品Ⅰ；2）金字塔水溶性部分：取金字塔粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，减压浓缩得样品Ⅱ；3）样品Ⅰ和样品Ⅱ按生药比混合；4）混合物料进行微波灭菌处理，冷却至室温后进行包装。本发明所述方法得到的祛湿中药组合物溶解性强，使其可加入适量矫味剂和/或辅料，可制备成粉末状固体饮料，也可以制备成片剂、颗粒剂等多种剂型产品，能够吸引食用者，使其养成食用习惯。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域，特别涉及一种祛湿中药组合物及其制作方法。
背景技术
湿为中医最常见病因之一，湿为长夏主气，与脾土相应，湿有内湿和外湿之分，外湿之患多为涉水淋雨、居处伤湿等，内湿多为脾虚而生。湿邪侵袭人体（外湿），或人体脏腑功能失调（内湿），水湿潴留体内，所表现出水湿停滞的病证，称为湿病。《六因条辩·伤湿辩》云：“夫湿乃重浊之邪，其伤人也最广。”
中医认为湿为阴邪，其性粘滞、重浊、趋下；易与阻遏气机、影响脾胃运化，并且常常与他邪夹杂致病。湿症在天气潮湿时更容易发病，常见德症状有：头痛晕重、身体倦怠腰腿酸痛、关节屈伸不利；或见两眼、腿脚浮肿；胸中郁闷、脘腹胀满、口淡、饮食无味、食欲不振、消化不良、大便溏泻、舌苔厚腻等症状。这些都属于所谓的“湿气重”。
从张仲景医著及邹树疏注的《本草经》入手，结合叶天士、吴鞠通等各家时病医著，可知辨治湿邪往往结合八纲、三焦及脏腑辨证。风湿邪袭上焦，治以祛风胜湿；湿热之邪弥漫三焦，治以芳香淡化；湿热并重，治以辛散苦降；湿热郁蒸，清气下陷，治以升清导湿；湿热留恋，耗气伤阴，治以清养淡化；阳虚寒湿，治以温阳化湿。不论湿邪在何经何脏，脾虚水湿不化贯穿始终，故祛湿应顾护脾胃及调畅气机。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种祛湿中药组合物，本发明的另外一个目的是提供了该组合物的制作方法，该方法能有效保留组合物中有机酸及水提成分。
金银花又称忍冬（Lonicera japonica Thunb.），为忍冬科忍冬属植物，其性甘、寒，归肺、心、胃经，具有清热解毒、宣肺化痰之功效，用于治疗痈肿疔疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热。
金字塔（Echinocereus pensilis）为仙人掌科鹿角柱属仙人掌，为墨西哥菜用仙人掌的一个品种。中医理论认为，仙人掌肉质茎具有清热解毒、生肌排脓、行气活血之功效，在民间常用于治疗腮腺炎、乳痈、糖尿病、静脉炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡、糖尿病以及由于注射引起的硬结、肿块、感染等。食用仙人掌具有促进新陈代谢等一系列保健功能，被广泛用于食品、畜牧、染料、药品等行业。
本发明提供的一种祛湿中药组合物，是由下列重量比例的组分组成：金银花：2-6份，金字塔：1-5份。其组成优选下列重量比例的组分：金银花：3份，金字塔：2份。其中金字塔选用3个月肉茎。
本发明提供的一种祛湿中药组合物经过金银花总有机酸提取、金字塔水提部位提取、混合、灭菌包装等步骤制得。
所得组合物制作步骤是：1）取金银花粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，浓缩至相对密度1.1的浸膏，加入95％乙醇至含醇量为70％，静置24h，滤过，取续滤液减压浓缩得样品Ⅰ；2）金字塔水溶性部分：取金字塔粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，减压浓缩得样品Ⅱ；3）样品Ⅰ和样品Ⅱ按生药比混合；4）混合物料进行微波灭菌处理，冷却至室温后进行包装。
本发明提供一种祛湿中药组合物，具有多种组成成分，且祛湿作用强，适用于现在人群。本发明还提供一种祛湿中药组合物的制作方法，在制作过程中将各个组分相互融合，并增加很多新的成分和新的制作步骤，使得制得的祛湿中药组合物溶解性强，使其可加入适量矫味剂和/或辅料，可制备成粉末状固体饮料，也可以制备成片剂、颗粒剂等多种剂型产品，能够吸引食用者，使其养成食用习惯。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述，这些实例仅用于说明目的，而不用于限制本发明范围。
实施例1 脾虚水湿不化大鼠模型的建立
大鼠适应性饲养 3 d 后，随机分为两组，每组 8 只，对照组给予正常饲料（AIN-76A纯化饲料），模型组给予“饮食失节（高脂低蛋白饲料）+劳倦过度（负重游泳）”复合因素诱导建立模型，连续 6 w，检测一般状况、自主活动进行模型评价。正常饲料成分：氯化胆碱 0.2%，蛋氨酸 0.3%，淀粉 15%，蔗糖 50%，纤维素 5%，酪蛋白 20%，玉米油 5%，多矿 3.5%，多维1%；高脂低蛋白饲料成分：氯化胆碱 0.2%，蛋氨酸 0.3%，淀粉 15%，蔗糖 47.5%，纤维素5%，酪蛋白 7%，玉米油 5%，猪油 15%，胆固醇 0.5%，多矿 3.5%，多维 1%。负重游泳：每日下午 10%体重负重游泳至力竭，以鼻尖没入水中 10 s 为力竭。
参照《中医湿病学》、《中药治疗脾虚证的临床研究指标原则》，采用脾虚水湿不化一般状况评分表，评价大鼠的一般状况，评分增加，提示症状加重。
采用 YLS-1B 多功能大鼠自主活动记录仪检测大鼠自主活动，记录 10min 内大鼠活动数。
脾虚不运最易生湿，而湿邪过多又最易困脾，即“脾虚生湿”、“湿困脾土”，二者互为因果，故用脾虚水湿不化大鼠模型作为祛湿功能评价。实验结果表明，干预 6 w 后，模型组大鼠表现为消瘦、倦怠懒动、眯眼、弓背等，出现胃肠功能减弱，血清蛋白降低，血脂水平紊乱以及水液运化功能障碍等脾虚水湿不化表现，表明模型成功。该模型稳定可靠，具有可重复性。
实施例2 不同资源仙人掌科植物祛湿作用比较
仙人掌科植物种类繁多，形态变化较大，根据其形态特征常分为3个亚科，即虎杖亚科（Pereskioideae），又叫叶仙人掌亚科，有3个属；仙人掌亚科（Opuntioideae），有17个属；仙人柱亚科（Cereioideae），有130个属。
据前人研究（《四种仙人掌抗氧化活性比较研究》，食品工业科技，2010，31（7）：75-77）可知仙巴掌（仙人掌亚科）、梨果仙人掌（仙人掌亚科）、量天尺（仙人柱亚科）和米邦塔（仙人掌亚科）四种仙人掌抗氧化活性各不相同。可见不同资源的仙人掌植物活性各不相同，为了更好明确我们选用的祛湿仙人掌科品种，我们比较了四种仙人掌科的品种祛湿活性。
收集米邦塔（仙人掌亚科）、仙巴掌（仙人掌亚科）、量天尺（仙人柱亚科量天尺属）、金字塔（仙人柱亚科鹿角柱属），用实施例1的试验方法和指标进行比较，结果可知：
实验第 1 周模型组大鼠开始出现食欲不振、体质量增加缓慢；第 2 周模型组大鼠出现嗜卧懒动、眯眼等体征；第 4 周模型组大鼠开始出现弓背，动作迟缓，皮毛色泽变黯，部分动物的背毛蓬松、无光；第 6 周模型组大鼠饮食量大幅度下降，身体瘦弱，爪色、耳色偏淡，毛色晦暗发黄，精神萎靡。实验结束时，如表2所示，与对照组相比，模型组大鼠脾虚水湿不化一般状况评分明显升高，体质量明显降低，自主活动明显减少。
金字塔服用后能使脾虚水湿不化大鼠恢复至与对照组相当，效果优于米邦塔、仙巴掌和量天尺。
实施例3不同茎龄金字塔祛湿作用比较
仙人掌由于生长期不同，外观形态存在较为显著差异，茎龄为3±1个月仙人掌的叶片颜色浅，皮薄，有肉刺，毛色发黄；茎龄>5个月仙人掌的叶片颜色深，皮厚，没肉刺，刺颜 色深，更老的有木质化的现象。故用实施例1的试验方法和指标比较了3个月金字塔和5个月金字塔。
表3不同茎龄金字塔大鼠一般状况比较(n＝8)
| 组别 | 一般状况评分 | 体质量(g) | 自主活动(活动数/10min) |
| 5个月 | 14.36±1.81* | 250.02±17.48* | 174±18* |
| 3个月 | 12.76±1.11 | 274.37±13.86 | 193±13 |
结果可见3个月金字塔优于5个月金字塔。
实施例4 金银花和金字塔不同部位配比祛湿作用比较
有机酸类化合物是金银花的主要有效成分，仙人掌中的水溶性部分也是它主要活性部分，故我们考察这两个不同部位将采用何种配比能达到较好的祛湿作用。
金银花有机酸部分：取金银花粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，浓缩至相对密度1.1的浸膏，加入95％乙醇至含醇量为70％，静置24h，滤过，取续滤液减压浓缩得样品Ⅰ。
金字塔水溶性部分：取金字塔粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，减压浓缩得样品Ⅱ。
用实施例1的试验方法和指标进行比较，结果可知：
结果可见金银花：2-6份，金字塔：1-5份比例均有祛湿效果，之间没有显著性差异。但就数据而言，金银花：3份，金字塔：2份效果最佳。金银花与金字塔配伍祛湿效果优于单纯使用金银花有机酸部位。
实施例5
组合物Ⅰ也可加入适量矫味剂和/或辅料，可制备成粉末状固体饮料，也可以制备成片剂、颗粒剂等各种剂型产品。
Claims (5)
1.一种祛湿中药组合物，其特征在于，其原材料包括按重量份计的以下组分：金银花：2-6份，金字塔：1-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的祛湿中药组合物，其特征在于，其原材料包括按重量份计的以下组分：金银花：3份，金字塔：2份。
3.一种如权利要求1-2所述的祛湿中药组合物的制作方法，该制作方法能有效保留组合物中金银花总有机酸及金字塔水溶性成分,其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
金银花总有机酸提取：取金银花粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，浓缩至相对密度1.1的浸膏，加入95％乙醇至含醇量为70％，静置24h，滤过，取续滤液减压浓缩得样品Ⅰ；
金字塔水溶性部分：取金字塔粉碎，加10倍量水回流煎煮3次，每次1h，滤过，合并3次煎煮液，减压浓缩得样品Ⅱ；
混合：样品Ⅰ和样品Ⅱ按生药比混合；
灭菌包装：将上步得到的混合物料进行微波灭菌处理，冷却至室温后进行包装。
4.如权利要求3所述的祛湿中药组合物制作方法，其特征在于所选金字塔原材料为金字塔3个月肉茎。
5.根据权利要求1-4制作得到的祛湿中药组合物，其特征在于，加入适量矫味剂和/或辅料，可制备成粉末状固体饮料，也可以制备成片剂、颗粒剂等各种剂型产品。
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