CN111979140A - 用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂及其应用 - Google Patents
用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,公开了用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,其包括如下组分:氯化钠,尿素,葡萄糖,氯化镁,草酰乙酸,腺苷,酵母浸膏以及甲酸。本发明提供了用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,其能够快速复苏和扩大培养,节约监测时间,减轻企业负担。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物环保技术领域,具体涉及用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂及其应用。
背景技术
发光细菌早在上世纪末期就已被应用在各个领域,国外科学家首次分离和筛选出对对环境敏感的发光细菌,用于检测水体生物毒性。近年来,该方法已逐渐成为一种简单快速的生物毒性检测手段。
明亮发光杆菌是应用较为广泛的发光细菌,应用步骤一般为:购买菌株冻干粉-复苏-稀释-污染物监测。但是,上述应用方法会存在复苏后菌株存活率和发光效率下降的问题,而且在污染物监测中一般需要多次多时间点取样和监测,这就需要大量的菌产品,对企业来说,购买成本较高。一般来说,明亮发光杆菌对营养需求并不高,在葡萄糖、酵母膏以及氯化钠等基本营养物质的条件下即可实现生长,但是增殖较为缓慢,发光效率降低,而且活性不够稳定。如何对明亮发光杆菌进行复苏和扩大培养,同时维持较好的存活率和发光效率是我们需要解决的技术问题。
现有技术1:“明亮发光杆菌连续培养条件的优化,华东理工大学学报2016年”,对冻干粉进行复苏,摇瓶培养以及发酵罐培养,但是该方法培养时间较长,并且菌体浓度和发光效率均有待提高,并不适合环境监测企业使用。
现有技术2:“CN201910137277”公开了一种培养发光细菌的方法,取发光细菌放置培养基中进行接种,并迅速用聚丙烯塑料薄膜和乳胶圈封扎瓶口,将接种后的培养基放置在20-28℃恒温箱内,并恒温培养2-3天。该方法同样存在培养时间过长的问题,无法快速应用于环境监测中。
现有技术3:“CN201010537039”公开了一种明亮发光杆菌的快速复苏方法,该方法需要多次离心搅拌,对菌株造成较大的损害,活菌数明显下降,并且多次添加复苏液,流程较为繁琐。
现有技术4:“CN201911074734”公开了一种复苏发光杆菌的方法,该方法将明亮发光杆菌和冻干保护剂一起冻存,然后使用等量蒸馏水或者盐溶液进行复溶,细菌活性和恢复发光率均为80%左右;有待进一步提升。
冻干粉价格较高,在对市售冻干粉进行复苏扩大培养,能够扩大监测效率和规模。但是不适宜的复苏和培养是加速菌种衰退和死亡的一个重要原因。不良的复苏培养条件如营养成分、温度、pH值等,不仅会诱发菌株细胞死亡,还会诱导衰退型细胞的出现,一旦衰退细胞迅速繁殖,在数量上大大超过正常细胞,会造成菌种衰退。如何对明亮发光杆菌冻干粉进行复苏和快速扩大培养是生物环境监测领域需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明提供了用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂及其应用,其能够快速复苏和扩大培养,节约时间,减轻企业负担。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的。
用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠,尿素,葡萄糖,氯化镁,草酰乙酸,腺苷,酵母浸膏,甲酸。
进一步地,
所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠20-40g/L,尿素1-10g/L,葡萄糖1-10g/L,氯化镁1-10g/L,草酰乙酸1-5g/L,腺苷0.1-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-1g/L,甲酸1-50ml/L。
更进一步地,
所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠25-35g/L,尿素2-5g/L,葡萄糖5-10g/L,氯化镁3-4g/L,草酰乙酸1-2g/L,腺苷0.5-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-0.5g/L,甲酸10-20ml/L。
优选地,
所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠25-35g/L,尿素2-5g/L,葡萄糖5-10g/L,氯化镁3-4g/L,草酰乙酸1-2g/L,腺苷0.5-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-0.5g/L,甲酸10-20ml/L。
更优选地,
所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠30g/L,尿素2g/L,葡萄糖5g/L,氯化镁4g/L,草酰乙酸1.5g/L,腺苷0.7g/L,酵母浸膏0.2g/L,甲酸20ml/L。
更优选地,
所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠25g/L,尿素3g/L,葡萄糖7g/L,氯化镁3g/L,草酰乙酸1.1g/L,腺苷0.9g/L,酵母浸膏0.4g/L,甲酸15ml/L。
更优选地,
所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠22g/L,尿素2g/L,葡萄糖6g/L,氯化镁4g/L,草酰乙酸1.3g/L,腺苷0.6g/L,酵母浸膏0.5g/L,甲酸18ml/L。
更优选地,
所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠28g/L,尿素4g/L,葡萄糖8g/L,氯化镁3g/L,草酰乙酸1.6g/L,腺苷0.8g/L,酵母浸膏0.3g/L,甲酸19ml/L。
更优选地,
所述生长促进剂按照如下步骤制备而得:取各组分,添加到蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,调pH为7.0-7.5,即得。
本发明还要求保护上述生长促进剂在培养发光菌进行水体污染物监测中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
葡萄糖和尿素作为速效碳源和速效氮源能够被明亮发光杆菌快速利用,有利于快速复苏和增殖。镁离子是影响细胞活性和酶活力最重要的金属离子,随着氯化镁浓度在0-4g/L范围内增大,明亮发光杆菌的增殖速度也随之提高;同时,在腺苷充足的前提下,发光效率也稳步提升。可能原因是,镁离子能够激活ATP合成相关的酶,在提供足量腺苷的培养条件下,转化生成ADP的量增加,然后经过底物水平磷酸化转化成ATP,进而恢复菌株活力,提高发光效率。镁离子浓度过大时,发光效率反而下降,具体原因有待进一步明确。
在0-20ml/L浓度范围内的甲酸能够提高明亮发光杆菌的发光效率,对菌体细胞增殖没有明显影响,继续增大甲酸浓度,菌体细胞增殖受到一定的抑制;可能原因是,相对较低浓度的甲酸能够快速激活细菌荧光素酶(单加氧酶)的活性。草酰乙酸能够增加化能异养菌的呼吸产能,提高胞内ATP的含量,并且激活菌体细胞快速增殖。酵母浸膏不但能够提高菌体增殖所需要的长效氮源物质,还能够提供维持细胞酶活力和代谢效率的氨基酸和维生素。
附图说明
图1:实例1-4生长促进剂对菌株增殖的影响;
图2:实例1-4生长促进剂对比发光强度的影响;
图3:镁离子对生物量和比发光强度的影响;
图4:草酰乙酸对生物量和比发光强度的影响;
图5:甲酸对生物量和比发光强度的影响。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的产品及方法已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的产品及方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,具体组分和浓度见表1所示:
表1
| 组分 | 实例1 | 实例2 | 实例3 | 实例4 |
| 氯化钠g/L | 30 | 25 | 22 | 28 |
| 尿素g/L | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| 葡萄糖g/L | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 |
| 氯化镁g/L | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| 草酰乙酸g/L | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| 腺苷g/L | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| 酵母浸膏g/L | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| 甲酸ml/L | 20 | 15 | 18 | 19 |
制备方法包括如下步骤:按照浓度配比依次取各组分,添加到蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,调pH为7.0-7.5,即得。
对比例1-5
明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,组分见表2:
表2
实施例2
明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂的应用实例。
冻干粉采用市售明亮发光杆菌冻干粉(ATCC11040),1g/管;也可以采用自制冻干粉。
自制冻干粉制备方法:
冻干保护剂无菌条件下,将明亮发光杆菌液(浓度为1×109cfu/ml)和冻干保护剂(重量份:脱脂奶粉10%,蔗糖8%,谷氨酸钠1%,溶剂为无菌水)按照1:1的体积比混匀,装于西林瓶中;60min内降温至-70℃,冻存12h,然后置于-40℃条件下,真空冷冻干燥得到冻干粉,最后放置于在-20℃条件下保存。
明亮发光杆菌复苏和扩大培养的方法:
将冻干粉取出,立即放置于38℃水浴解冻,摇晃60s,待完全解冻后,然后添加到含有10倍体积的生长促进剂的摇瓶中,在24℃、200rpm的转速下摇床培养6h,即得。
实施例3
实例1-4生长促进剂对菌株增殖和发光强度的影响。
检测方法:菌体浓度的检测采用分光光度计法(OD600);明亮发光杆菌发光强度的检测使用DXY-3型智能化生物毒性测试仪。
试验流程:参照实施例2,采用市售冻干粉。如图1所示,实例1-4生长促进剂能够在6小时以内实现明亮发光杆菌的快速复苏和增殖,有利于节约检测时间,并且获得了短时间内获得大量发光效率稳定的菌液,扩大了检测规模,减少了企业成本。
发光强度比较:
常规方法:将冻干粉取出,立即放置于38℃水浴解冻,摇晃60s,然后添加适量3%氯化钠溶液进行稀释,控制稀释液中菌体浓度为1×104cfu/ml,检测发光强度,记为A;
本发明方法:将冻干粉取出,立即放置于38℃水浴解冻,摇晃60s,待完全解冻后,然后添加到含有10倍体积的生长促进剂的摇瓶中,在24℃、200rpm的转速下摇床培养一段时间,停止培养,将菌液用3%氯化钠溶液调整菌体浓度为1×104cfu/ml,培养过程中,每间隔2小时检测发光强度,记为B。
计算公式:比发光强度=B/A。
如图2所示,复苏后细胞活性未全完恢复,发光强度较低,经过培养后,细胞代谢旺盛,荧光素酶等相关酶活力大幅提高,发光强度也随之提高,6-8h时发光效率处于较为稳定的峰值,继续培养,比发光强度有所下降,可能是促进剂中的部分组分耗尽导致酶活力下降或代谢受阻。
实施例4
对比例1-5促进剂对菌株增殖和发光效率的影响。
试验1
在对比例1(常规培养基组分)的基础上添加一定浓度的氯化镁,添加浓度分别为:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,单位为g/L,按照实施例3的方式培养6h,并且检测菌株生长情况和比发光强度。如图3所示,氯化镁的添加浓度与菌株生长和比发光强度呈正相关,镁离子是影响细胞活性和酶活最重要的金属离子,随着氯化镁在浓度为0-4g/L的范围内增大,明亮发光杆菌的增殖速度和发光效率也随之提高;但是镁离子浓度过大时,发光效率反而下降,具体原因有待进一步明确。
试验2
选择氯化镁的添加浓度为4g/L,验证草酰乙酸添加浓度对菌株生长情况和比发光强度。设置草酰乙酸添加浓度为0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,单位为g/L,如图4所示,草酰乙酸对生长量和发光强度的调节作用相对较一致,在1g/L时对菌株生长量有一个明显的促进作用,后期逐渐放缓,对比发光强度也有一定的提升作用。分析原因是,草酰乙酸能够增加化能异养菌的呼吸产能,提高胞内ATP的含量,并且激活菌体细胞快速增殖。
试验3
在上述试验2的基础上,选择草酰乙酸的添加浓度为1.5g/L进行下一步试验,验证腺苷对菌体生物量和比发光强度的影响,在添加浓度0-2g/L之间进行测试,发现额外添加腺苷对菌体生物量提升幅度较小,仅为5-10%,在0.5-1g/L之间对比发光强度有一定的提升作用,以0.7g/L的添加量为例,比发光强度为2.18;而酵母浸膏对菌体生物量有较为明显的提升作用,添加量为0.2g/L时,有30%左右的提升幅度,对比发光强度没有明显影响。
试验4
在上述试验3的基础上,选择腺苷添加量为0.7g/L,酵母浸膏添加量为0.2g/L,设置甲酸的添加量为0,5,10,15,20,25,30,单位为ml/L,如图5所示,0-20ml/L的浓度范围内,随着甲酸添加量的能够快速激活细菌荧光素酶(单加氧酶)的活性,进而能够明显提高明亮发光杆菌的发光效率,对菌体细胞增殖没有明显影响,继续增大甲酸浓度,菌体细胞增殖受到一定的抑制。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.用于水体污染物监测的明亮发光杆菌生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠,尿素,葡萄糖,氯化镁,草酰乙酸,腺苷,酵母浸膏,甲酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠20-40g/L,尿素1-10g/L,葡萄糖1-10g/L,氯化镁1-10g/L,草酰乙酸1-5g/L,腺苷0.1-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-1g/L,甲酸1-50ml/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂包括如下组分:氯化钠25-35g/L,尿素2-5g/L,葡萄糖5-10g/L,氯化镁3-4g/L,草酰乙酸1-2g/L,腺苷0.5-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-0.5g/L,甲酸10-20ml/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠25-35g/L,尿素2-5g/L,葡萄糖5-10g/L,氯化镁3-4g/L,草酰乙酸1-2g/L,腺苷0.5-1g/L,酵母浸膏0.1-0.5g/L,甲酸10-20ml/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠30g/L,尿素2g/L,葡萄糖5g/L,氯化镁4g/L,草酰乙酸1.5g/L,腺苷0.7g/L,酵母浸膏0.2g/L,甲酸20ml/L。
6.根据权利要求4所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠25g/L,尿素3g/L,葡萄糖7g/L,氯化镁3g/L,草酰乙酸1.1g/L,腺苷0.9g/L,酵母浸膏0.4g/L,甲酸15ml/L。
7.根据权利要求4所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠22g/L,尿素2g/L,葡萄糖6g/L,氯化镁4g/L,草酰乙酸1.3g/L,腺苷0.6g/L,酵母浸膏0.5g/L,甲酸18ml/L。
8.根据权利要求4所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂由如下组分组成:氯化钠28g/L,尿素4g/L,葡萄糖8g/L,氯化镁3g/L,草酰乙酸1.6g/L,腺苷0.8g/L,酵母浸膏0.3g/L,甲酸19ml/L。
9.根据权利要求1-8任其一所述的生长促进剂,其特征在于,所述生长促进剂按照如下步骤制备而得:取各组分,添加到蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,调pH为7.0-7.5,即得。
10.按照权利要求1-9任其一所述的生长促进剂在培养发光菌用于水体污染物监测中的应用。
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